Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
1,357 results · page 32 of 57
Pornpit Wongthongtham, Daniel Marrable, Bilal Abu-Salih, Xin Liu · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Yahui Wang, Yijia Cao, Yong Li, Lin Jiang · 8 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Dr. Ghous Bakhsh, Ghulam Rasool
We are proposing an approach employing microgrid through which community can efficiently fulfill each other needs of energy. This model will allow micro-grid prosumers to produce, consume and trade energy deprived of any barrier. At present, such a system is not accepted because it requires the “collaboration” of central energy distributors. In our solution, we visualize the use of a blockchain system with the support of smart contracts to provide decentralization. The energy is sent to the central energy storage from the prosumer and is stored there until the consumer claims it. Using smart energy (electricity) meters the flow of electricity can be tracked accurately in both ways, neighbors can purchase spare electricity using tokens rather than paying money. As blockchain takes care of the accounting part, it records the terms of the contracts, tracks how many energy credits have been sold, by whom and to whom. The micro-grid is facilitated by its own smart contract and it can share a desired amount of energy to a connected energy consumer. The customer is aware of how much consumption energy is available at any time in the central storage. The smart contract of the micro-grid takes as input HECs (helios coin) or a bit coin and then releases the energy that corresponds to the calculated amount of HECs or bit coin received by the sender in form of the payment. The test is to monitor these exchanges and repay purchasers and dealers likewise. This project is an effort to utilize blockchain methodology for the trade of sun-based power among members effectively, without any need of third party vendors.
Qinghui Li, Aihua Li, Tao Wang, Yanping Cai
No abstract is available for this record.
Ayten Kahya, Anusha Avyukt, Gowri Ramachandran, Bhaskar Krishnamachari
Smart cities must adopt innovative technologies and strategies to boost existing sustainability solutions in order to fight climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We provide an overview of the existing work on the application of blockchain technologies in conjunction with other digital technologies such as IoT for incentivizing individuals and organizations to engage in more sustainable behaviors. We focus on three main areas in which these digital technologies can encourage actions aimed at reducing environmental impact: low-carbon transportation, energy efficiency, and waste diversion. Some notable examples are The Plastic Bank, ECO-Coin and SolarCoin. By analyzing case studies in which monetary and nonmonetary incentives have successfully demonstrated behavior change, we seek to understand the key elements for implementing blockchain-based solutions. We also identify key directions for future research in this area.
Mehdi Montakhabi, Shenja van der Graaf, Akash Madhusudan, Roozbeh Sarenche · 5 authors
This paper explores the applications of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) electricity trading. It highlights the challenges and trade-offs of applying three different DLTs: Blockchain, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), and Holochain. First, the study introduces the energy transition concept in the smart city context. Second, P2P electricity trading and its supporting trading mechanisms are introduced. Third, DLTs are defined and three different types of DLTs are introduced. Forth, possibilities, challenges, and consequences of applying DLTs in electricity trading are explained. Last, applying DLTs for P2P electricity trading from different aspects are discussed. This paper provides a benchmark for applying DLTs to foster energy transition in smart cities. It highlights how this type of technology can serve smart circular economy.
Ilias Kappos, Iasonas Kouveliotis‐Lysikatos, Nikos Hatziargyriou
Blockchain technologies and smart contracts are getting more attention for potential smart grids applications as they are able to decentralize the data management in a secure and transparent way. In this work, a smart contract deployed in a simulated Ethereum blockchain is used to coordinate the decentralized solution of the Economic Dispatch (ED) problem of Distributed Generation (DG) units. The distributed optimization problem is first formulated and solved using the Alternating Directional Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and then a smart contract plays the role of the decentralized coordinator and data aggregator. Results from the combined simulation of the method are provided through a variety of scenarios, that investigate the efficacy and practical applicability of the method.
Matthew Gough, Sérgio F. Santos, Artur Almeida, Mohammad Sadegh Javadi · 7 authors
The combination of consumer owned Distributed Energy Resources, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as changes to the national electricity regulations have created new opportunities for consumer engagement in the electricity sector. In this paper, this combination of technologies and regulations is examined in the Portuguese context. The new regulations dealing with self-consumption from prosumers are combined with smart contracts and distributed ledger technology to formulate an automated energy trading system for residential end-users in local energy markets. Results show that including prosumers in the local energy market brings significant benefits to all market participants. Additionally, results show that the newly created regulatory role of a Market Facilitator is beneficial to these type of local energy exchanges.
Yong Yan, Jianping Huang, Xingying Chen, Zhi Zhang · 6 authors
Abstract Demand response is recognized as an effective solution for eliminating power fluctuations and satisfying capacity constraints in power systems. A growing customer base equipped with energy storage and intelligent power meter on the demand side has resulted in the strong interest of China's power companies in demand response. However, most exiting demand response programs in China are based on a centralized framework, which is easier for management, but cannot support a large number of scattered small‐scale users' participation effectively. Therefore, taking the desired features of blockchain technology, such as decentralization, trustworthiness, trackability, and immutability into consideration, the applicability of blockchain in demand response is analyzed. On this basis, a new blockchain‐based framework of China's typical demand response programs is proposed, in which consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm, and smart contract of blockchain are applied to the process of invitation, bidding, and settlement in demand response. Furthermore, the development suggestions of China's demand response based on blockchain technology are put forward from the aspects of trading products, credit management, and platform construction at the end of this work.
Zugang Li, Shi Chen, Buxiang Zhou
As the energy internet develops, it will become possible to carry out peer-to-peer energy trading among prosumers. Different from traditional commodity trading, the process of P2P electricity trading will be affected by physical constraints such as network congestion. To avoid transaction failure, a superconducting energy storage unit is introduced. First, we established the overall structure of the electric vehicle P2P energy trading, and designed the blockchain network and smart contracts; then analyze the benefits of each user entity in the system, and optimize the user matching in the transaction process; After that, we used the co-operative game algorithm to realize P2P electricity transaction pricing model. Finally, the simulation and analysis results show that the use of superconducting energy storage has effectively improved the success rate and demand consumption rate of electric vehicle P2P energy trading.
Athira Nair K, Chaitanya Kapoor, Nidhin Mahesh A, Sai Shibu N B · 5 authors
The demand for Electric vehicles (EV) are growing day by day. But the power grid is operating in bottleneck to meet customer power requirements. Blockchain technology is being used in applications that involves transaction between untrusted entities. We propose blockchain enabled energy pooling platform with smart buildings and EVs. This platform enables peer to peer energy transactions between buildings and EVs. Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems generate power during daytime and utilised by the loads. We propose, EVs to store the excess energy generated from the rooftop PV system. EVs will discharge the stored energy during night or when there is an energy demand. We have demonstrated this concept with two use cases using Ethereum Platform on Google Cloud Platform. We also developed a Fuzzy Logic based smart contract to decide incentives for energy storage and discharge. We envision that this platform will help EV owners, OEMs and grid operators to maximise their system efficiency and help recoup their investment.
Ümit Cali, Murat Kuzlu, Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Onur Elma · 5 authors
Renewable energy sources (RES) are among the most popular emerging energy\nresources during the past two decades. Many countries have introduced various\nenergy policy instruments, such as renewable energy certificates (RECs), to\nsupport the growth of RES. RECs are tradable non-tangible assets, which have a\nmonetary value. Tracking and certification of the origin of an energy resource\nregardless of its type (e.g., a conventional power plant or RES) is a critical\noperation. In addition to the certification of origin, trading transactions are\nneeded to be performed using a secure method. Energy industry participants need\nto secure the data and applications related to RECs. Distributed ledger\ntechnology (DLT) is a perfect framework that can support such REC\nfunctionalities. This paper addresses the cybersecurity aspects in REC trading\nusing Blockchain and a distributed ledger technology, considering detailed\ncybersecurity perspectives.\n
Aparna Kumari, Sudeep Tanwar
Smart grid (SG) systems necessitate secure demand response management (DRM) schemes for real-time decisions making to increase the effectiveness and stability of SG systems along with data security. Motivated from the aforementioned discussion, in this article, we propose Q-SDRM, a secure DRM scheme for home energy management (HEM) using reinforcement learning (RL) and ethereum blockchain (EBC) to facilitate energy consumption reduction and decrease energy costs. In cooperation with RL,$Q$-learning is adopted to make optimal price decisions using Markov decision process (MDP) to reduce energy consumption, which benefits both consumers and utility providers. Then, Q-SDRM uses ethereum smart-contract (ESC) to deal with data security issues and incorporate with off-chain storage interplanetary file system (IPFS) that handles data storage costs issue. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed Q-SDRM scheme, which significantly reduces energy consumption and energy cost. The proposed scheme also provides secure access to energy data in real time compared with state-of-the-art approaches regarding different evaluation metrics, such as scalability, overall energy cost, and data storage cost.
Sakineh Khalili, Vahid R. Disfani, Mo Ahmadi
The increasing amount of distributed energy resources including renewable energy systems and electric vehicles is expected to change electric power grids significantly, where conventional consumers are transformed to prosumers since they can produce electricity as well. In such an ecosystem, prosumers can start offering their excess energy to supply demands of the other customers on the grids behind the meter without interference of distribution system operators (DSO). Besides, DSOs require more accurate and more frequent data form prosumers' net demand to be able to operate their network efficiently. The main challenge in these new distribution grids is the amount of data that needs to be collected in this platform is unbelievably high, and more immortally, prosumers will likely refuse to share their information with DSOs due to their potential privacy and economic concerns. Blockchain technology as an efficient distributed solution for management of data and financial transactions, has been considered to solve this trust issue. With blockchain-based solutions, data and financial transactions between all parties will take placed through distributed ledgers without any interference from an intermediary. In this paper, impacts of blockchain technologies on electric power industry is studied. The paper specifically focuses on LO3 Energy -- one of startups applying blockchain to electric power grids -- their blockchain-based solution called Exergy, and their use cases to implement such solutions.
Jiawei Yang, Amrit Paudel, Hoay Beng Gooi, Hung D. Nguyen
No abstract is available for this record.
Qing Yang, Hao Wang, Xiaoxiao Wu, Taotao Wang · 5 authors
This work presents the design and implementation of a blockchain system that enables the trustable transactive energy management for distributed energy resources (DERs). We model the interactions among DERs, including energy trading and flexible appliance scheduling, as a cost minimization problem. Considering the dispersed nature and diverse ownership of DERs, we develop a distributed algorithm to solve the optimization problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method. Furthermore, we develop a blockchain system, on which we implement the proposed algorithm with the smart contract, to guarantee the transparency and correctness of the energy management. We prototype the blockchain in a small-scale test network and evaluate it through experiments using real-world data. The experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our design.
Sijie Chen, Ling Zhang, Zheng Yan, Zeyu Shen
Distributed optimization algorithms for security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) problems have been the subject of significant research interest in recent years. However, existing distributed SCED algorithms can be ineffective in the presence of malicious participants and inefficient in the absence of a coordinator. On the other hand, blockchain, an emerging technique known as the trust machine, has not shown its potential to address the above challenges in state-of-the-art literature. This paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed SCED algorithm. Using blockchain to form a coordination committee and enable balance among committee members, the proposed method allows the use of hierarchical SCED algorithms in the absence of a coordinator and can disable malicious participants. Numerical results show the robustness and necessity of the proposed blockchain-based SCED algorithm, by comparing the SCED results with and without blockchain.
Barry Hayes, Subhasis Thakur, Emily Barrett
There is significant research interest in new energy trading mechanisms based on peer-to-peer or community-based markets, which are more consumer-centric and direct compared to traditional electricity retail markets. Such trading mechanisms require an electricity trading platform that can manage and settle energy transactions from vast numbers of small distributed energy resources, and therefore scalability and interoperability are major challenges. The hardware, communications and software required for implementing local energy trading platforms needs to be designed, tested and demonstrated in a real-time environment. Accordingly, this paper presents a design for an open-source laboratory demonstrator, which allows testing of the hardware and software required for peer-to-peer local energy trading using distributed ledger technology.
Aparna Kumari, Rajesh Gupta, Sudeep Tanwar
In this paper, we present a secure Peer-to-Peer (P2P) trading system for residential houses that aims to maximize energy sharing and improve the operational effectiveness of utility vendors (UVs) in the Smart Grid (SG) environment. Here, we propose PRS-P2P scheme, i.e., a Prosumer Recommender System (PRS) for P2P Energy Trading (ET) using reinforcement learning and blockchain towards 6G. A reinforcement learning-based (Q-learning) algorithm is proposed to improve the decision-making process of the buyer (i.e., consumer) for the seller (i.e., prosumers, who can generate and consume energy) selection from multiple seller participants in a model-free way. During P2P-ET, data flow among different devices, which raises concern for several issues such as security, latency, and others. So, the proposed PRS-P2P scheme uses ethereum blockchain and 6G network, where the buyer sends a request for P2P-ET to the selected seller and trade executed securely using Smart Contract (SC) based on the ethereum blockchain. Then, it employs InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for energy data management at low cost and performs real-time settlement of trade with low latency. To justify the efficacy of the proposed PRS-P2P scheme, experimental results are compared to the existing approaches concerning different metrics like timesteps for rewards, penalties, and low communication latency.
Shaomin Zhang, Cong Hou
With the development of the energy Internet, more distributed generators are connected to the power grid, resulting in numerous heterogeneous energy networks. However, different energy networks cannot perform efficient energy trading in the centralized management mode, this deeply affecting the complementary ability of heterogeneous energy, resulting in the islanded energy phenomenon. In this model, the same energy on the chain is traded within the chain, and the heterogeneous energy on different chains is traded across chains. To trade energy between heterogeneous energy networks more efficiently, the blockchain-based cross-chain model is proposed based on the existing infrastructure. Heterogeneous energy nodes are assigned to different energy sub-chains and cross-chain energy transactions are performed through a relay-chain, which utilizes the improved Boneh–Lynn–Shacham signature scheme consensus algorithm based on the proof-of-stake and practical Byzantine fault tolerance. The experimental simulations on energy trading efficiency, throughput, and security, show its superiority over existing systems. Further, the simulation results provide a reference for the application of cross-chain technology in energy interconnection.
Mehdi Montakhabi, Shenja van der Graaf, Akash Madhusudan, Mustafa Mustafa
No abstract is available for this record.
Nikita Karandikar, Antorweep Chakravorty, Chunming Rong
Renewable energy microgeneration is rising leading to creation of prosumer communities making it possible to extract value from surplus energy and usage flexibility. Such a peer-to-peer energy trading community requires a decentralized, immutable and access-controlled transaction system for tokenized energy assets. In this study we present a unified blockchain-based system for energy asset transactions among prosumers, electric vehicles, power companies and storage providers. Two versions of the system were implemented on Hyperledger Fabric. Assets encapsulating an identifier or unique information along with value are modelled as non-fungible tokens (NFT), while those representing value only are modelled as fungible tokens (FT). We developed the associated algorithms for token lifecycle management, analyzed their complexities and encoded them in smart contracts for performance testing. The results show that performance of both implementations are comparable for most major operations. Further, we presented a detailed comparison of FT and NFT implementations based on use-case, design, performance, advantages and disadvantages. Our implementation achieved a throughput of 448.3 transactions per second for the slowest operation (transfer) with a reasonably low infrastructure.
Chao Liu, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Kok Koeng Chai, Jonathan Loo · 5 authors
Abstract Electric power grid infrastructure has revolutionized our world and changed the way of living. So has blockchain technology. The hierarchical electric power grid has been shifting from a centralized structure to a decentralized structure to achieve higher flexibility and stability, and blockchain technology has been widely adopted in the energy sector to deal with grid management, billing, metering, and so on, because of its nature of decentralization. Here, the aim is to provide a multi‐dimensional review on the technological advances of the blockchain in smart grids. Its corresponding applications based on these advances, including company projects and use cases, are summarized. Furthermore, the security threat issues in smart grids, Ethereum Virtual Machine (i.e. the operating environment of consensus mechanisms), and smart contracts are analysed, with a brief conclusion to manifest the prior tasks in building secure blockchain‐based infrastructures in smart grids. As such, the challenges and features of different protocols and their applicability in each use case are identified to provide an insightful guide for future research studies.
Masoumeh Nazari, Siavash Khorsandi, Jaber Babaki
Nowaday, centralized smart grid systems encounter many challenges to peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, such as communications overhead, security, and privacy issues. Blockchain-based energy trading has been proposed as a possible solution to the above problems. This paper proposes a secure and automated blockchain-based framework that allows energy producers and consumers to conduct energy trade without intermediate entity interaction. Smart contracts have been established to automate the energy trade based on an agreement energy-relevant both from the supply and demand sides without third parties. In a smart contract, if all transactions are successful, the energy trade will take place. We used the Solidity programming language and Metamask wallet to create the smart contract. Then, smart contract implementation results in the Ropsten blockchain network are tested and compared with related works. According to the analysis, the proposed framework has enhanced security and privacy.