Storing student grades in universities is a sensitive issue when it comes to the security of campus computer networks. In this paper, we propose a blockchain model to ensure the secure storage of student grade data. Each record of recording student grades by a lecturer can be seen as a record in a journal or ledger. All records in one of the departments in a faculty can be seen as a student grade journal. Modeling this data by viewing data records as a journal allows us to model a database for all records in an encrypted and distributed manner. Namely, a model that resembles the blockchain model. In this perspective, a blockchain network can be made in which each node is stored in a different direction. So if there are three departments within the faculty, a blockchain with three vertices can be made. Each node keeps a copy of the overall student grade journal data. So that each node can mutually verify the validity of transaction records in each department. Student value journals are structured in such a way that they form a blockchain that builds hashes that lock together. This modeling of student value records answers the problem of being vulnerable to student scores hacked by irresponsible parties both from within the campus and from outside the campus. Security follows the protocols in the blockchain architecture.
 
 
Heru Saputra, Bebby Ilham Aresta, Tri A Sundara, Ilfa Stephane · 5 authors
A diploma is a document of recognition of learning achievement from a level of education obtained after completing the study period after passing the final exam. The importance of the certificates' existence for working purposes has resulted in the proliferation of making and using fake certificates for various purposes such as applying for jobs, fulfilling the requirements to become members of the legislature, etc. The Diploma Information System using blockchain-based distributed computing can be one way to maintain the diploma's authenticity and validity. This study uses the waterfall method with several applications, ethereum remix ideas, ganache, and metamask, aiming to develop blockchain-based diploma information on STMIK Indonesia Padang by utilizing blockchain technology.
Indonesia is a densely populated country with a population of 260 million, making Indonesia the fourth most populous country in the world. The continued rapid development of the economy in Indonesia has made land an asset that provides benefits. In Indonesia, land ownership that has the highest legal power is proven by a Certificate of Ownership or in indonesian is called as Sertifikat Hak Milik (SHM). Meanwhile, the land titling process is often complex and lengthy, and because of the processing carried out by government agencies in handling a variety of different documents, some structured people commit fraud. The impact is that the model currently used does not have good governance. This research offers a Blockchain-based solution in providing data harmony and openness, lightening in data access, permanent records management, and most importantly it is a solution that is cheaper and faster. This research offers a step-by-step model of Blockchain selection beginning from the public Blockchain ledger which will continuously incorporate two degrees of Hybrid Blockchain. The smart contract design of the Public Blockchain is provided in detail as well as the use of Ethereum in implementing its prototype system. In the experimental test using the local Ethereum test network directly to show the effectiveness of the system. The results of the analysis show that the model offered can reduce the costs required for processing information, the number of trips required, and result in easy access to important information. With the implementation of Blockchain, efforts to digitize land rights in Indonesia can increase.
Raaj Anand Mishra, Anshuman Kalla, An Braeken, Madhusanka Liyanage
Sharing of students’ credentials is a necessary and integral process of an education ecosystem that comprises various stakeholders like students, schools, companies, professors and the governmental authorities. As of today, all these stakeholders have to put-in an enormous amount of efforts to ensure the authenticity and privacy of students’ credentials. Despite these efforts, the process of sharing students’ credentials is complex, error-prone and not completely secure. Our aim is to leverage blockchain technology to mitigate the existing security-related issues concerning the sharing of students’ credentials. Thus, the paper proposes a tamper-proof, immutable, authentic, non-repudiable, privacy protected and easy to share blockchain-based architecture for secured sharing of students’ credentials. To increase the scalability, the proposed system uses a secure off-chain storage mechanism. The performance and viability of the proposed architecture is analyzed by using an Ethereum based prototypical implementation. The test results imply that requests can be executed within few seconds (without block-time) and the system has stability to process up to 1000 simultaneous requests.
Fajar Delli Wihartiko, Sri Nurdiati, Agus Buono, Edi Santosa
<p class="Abstrak">Dewasa ini teknologi <em>blockchain</em> dan kecerdasan buatan (<em>artificial intelligence</em>/AI) telah diimplementasikan dalam bidang pertanian. Teknologi <em>blockchain</em> menjanjikan keamanan dan peningkatan kepercayaan untuk pengguna. Teknologi kecerdasan buatan menjanjikan berbagai kemudahan bagi pengguna. Perpaduan kedua teknologi tersebut dapat meningkatan kepercayaan terhadap sistem kecerdasan buatan (<em>blockchain for</em> AI) atau dapat juga digunakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem<em> blockchain </em>(AI <em>for</em> <em>blockchain</em>). Tujuan penelitian ini mengulas kedua teknologi tersebut dalam studi literatur serta memberikan tantangan riset ke depan terkait implementasinya di bidang pertanian. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah <em>Systematic Literature Review </em>(SLR) dan <em>text mining</em>. <em>Text mining </em>digunakan untuk memberikan deskripsi riset yang ada berdasarkan kata-kata di setiap artikel terpilih. SLR digunakan untuk memberikan ulasan yang komprehensif terkait riset <em>Blockchain </em>dan kecerdasan Buatan dalam pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 10 % penelitian terkait penerapan <em>blockchain </em>dan AI dalam pertanian. Riset tersebut memiliki potensi besar untuk berkembang terlihat dari peningkatan jumlah publikasi dalam 2 tahun terakhir. Kontribusi penelitian ini meliputi posisi riset terkini dan usulan riset ke depan dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi pertanian Indonesia. Posisi riset tersebut didominasi komunitas peneliti dari negara-negara di Asia seperti India (33%), Pakistan (33%), China (14%) dan Korea (14%). Originalitas penelitian ini terletak pada studi literatur dari integrasi teknologi <em>blockchain </em>dan kecerdasan buatan dalam bidang pertanian menggunakan SLR dan <em>text mining.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em>Artificial intelligence and blockchain technology are being developed and implemented in Agriculture. Blockchain technology promises security and trust for users. Moreover, artificial intelligence technology promises convenience for users. The combination of these two technologies will increase trust in artificial intelligence systems. Besides, this combination can also increase security on the blockchain system through the application of artificial intelligence. This paper summarizes the application of both technologies and reviews them in a systematic literature review, presents a description of articles based on text mining, and provides future research challenges related to the implementation of blockchain and artificial intelligence in agriculture. The methodologies used are Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and text mining. Text mining is used to describe a description of existing research based on the words in each selected article. SLR is used to provide a comprehensive review of Blockchain research and Artificial intelligence in agriculture. The results showed that there were 10% of research related to the application of blockchain and AI in agriculture. This research has great potential for growth as seen from the increase in the number of publications in the last 2 years. The contribution of this research includes the latest research positions and future research proposals taking into account the conditions of Indonesian agriculture. </em><em>The research position is dominated by the research community from countries in Asia such as India (33%), Pakistan (33%), China (14%) and Korea (14%). The originality of this research is a literature study on the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence in agriculture using SLR and text mining.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
Blockchain will be the most used technology in the next decade with the key features of distributed ledger and high security. To provide security in the transactions process of hashing, blockchain technology was using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). Using the ECDSA Algorithm, if any error has happened, this may lead to identify the private key value that which can acquire matching signatures for various documents. To avoid that problem, we suggest using the Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) Algorithm in generating the hash functions among the transactions, which provides the high-level speed, getting the best performance, and independence in generating the random number. Our suggestion provides improved security while compared to the ECDSA Algorithm.
Penemuan teknologi baru serta koneksi yang meluas berperan penting pada aspek kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini sistem pendidikan yang terbaru telah dikembangkan namun mengalami kendala terkait proses pembelajaran, pembayaran, kepercayaan siswa, serta sertifikasi sertifikat. Dengan begitu, teknologi blockchain hadir memperoleh sorotan yang besar dari para periset serta praktisi. Perihal ini atensi yang paling utama disebabkan oleh fitur unik yang dimiliki teknologi blockchain yaitu terkait sistem desentralisasi, keamanan, serta dalam berbagi data. Penyelesaian dalam permasalahan pembelajaran bersumber pada teknologi blockchain. Dengan metode terpercaya serta terdistribusi dalam menyimpan catatan pendidikan pada teknologi blockchain, terciptanya sistem berbagi dalam sumber pembelajaran, berbagi sertifikat digital yang kredibel, serta mengamankan intelektual lewat enkripsi informasi. Riset menampilkan bahwa integrasi pertumbuhan teknologi blockchain merupakan tren yang sangat efektif dalam dunia pendidikan. Penyimpanan informasi blockchain menggunakan database terdistribusi, dan sebagai pencatat blok data. Dalam tahapan penyusunan bersumber pada stempel waktu. Pada bok informasi yang baru tidak bisa dihilangkan. Meminimalisir penghancuran informasi serta menurunkan tingkat penipuan adalah fungsi dari algoritma kriptografi. Dalam perkembangan, hampir seluruh pembelajaran sentralisasi memberikan kursus mutu yang monoton. serta kurangnya pengakuan publik atas sistem sertifikasi yang efisien. Pencatatan informasi penyusunan teknologi blockchain memberikan metode yang efektif dalam pencatatan informasi pembelajaran Ulasan ini merupakan Tinjauan sistematis studi menyelidiki aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis blockchain. Dalam Suatu analisis hasil rinci dari tiap tema dicoba dan juga dialog intensif berdasarkan penemuan. Tinjauan ini juga menawarkan wawasan ke wilayah pembelajaran yang lain yang bisa mengambil faedah dari teknologi blockchain.
Blockchain is a decentralized network consisting of peer-to-peer nodes which perform all the operations within a network without the need of a central authority unlike IoT where information exchange, validation and authentication of data is done using a central authority. The trivial security and privacy protocols in place for IoT suffer due to the decentralization and limited resource capabilities of IoT devices. Blockchain in IoT with its cryptographic functions and decentralized nature could prove significantly useful. This paper discusses the motivation for IoT using Blockchain, the attacks and challenges in Blockchain, the challenges in the integration of Blockchain in IoT and the opportunities of such an integration. Some applications of Blockchain in IoT are also discussed to provide an insight into the future prospect of this integrated technology.
Blockchain is a jointly distributed and decentralized ledger, in which nodes are aiming to record transaction history with very different networks. This technology is quite practical if used in the field of higher education to carry out digital certification, record keeping, etc. From several papers published on this, no single paper covering educational projects based on the blockchain can find it. So there are the latest opportunities for higher education trends. Projects in the field of higher education that are blockchain-based are aimed at solving problems that occur in educators today. On that basis, we conclude that there is a need for a systematic literature review. Therefore, based on the education project, this study will review the artistic gap between the two. This paper will focus on the protocol used in this project and explore several blockchain-based higher education projects that will be the aim of this paper. As well as analyzing the blockchain features currently in use today and the services that will be offered by existing educational projects, to improve the implementation of technology in the field of education by using the blockchain feature.
The current situation of the Covid-19 pandemic is currently increasing public concern about the community. The government has especially recommended Stay at Home and the implementation of PSBB in various regions. One of the concerns is when the election of regional leaders to the general chairman. Even though there is already a safeguard regulation, this is not considered safe in the current Covid-19 pandemic. The solution in this research is the use of a blockchain-based E-voting system to help tackle election unrest during Covid-19. Where e-voting with blockchain technology can be carried out anywhere through the device without the need to be present in the voting booth, reducing data fraud, accurate and decentralized voting results that can be accessed by the public in real-time. The use of cryptographic protocols is applied for data transfer between system components as well as valid system security. This research method uses SUS trial analysis in a significant system of the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The implication that the SUS Score analysis shows 90 shows an acceptable E-voting system, meaning that the community can accept it because it brings positive and significant impacts such as effectiveness and efficiency.
Haïdar A. M. Deenmahomed, Micheal M. Didier, Roopesh Kevin Sungkur
Abstract Blockchain is slowly but surely changing the world. Cryptocurrencies are having a profound effect on the economic landscape. With the advent of COVID‐19, the education sector, just like other sectors, need a complete reinvention or redesign to continue producing graduates that would be able to effectively contribute to an ever‐changing world. Very often, the administrative burden of managing the award of academic qualifications is ignored. With a globalised world and given the actual context of COVID‐19, education is no longer seen as being carried out within the four walls of the classroom. The future of University education lies within the ability to pool resources from different places and to encourage cross‐university collaboration. This can also be seen as the ability to assemble the different building blocks so that the learners are able to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge. This study focuses on the design and implementation of an examination, transcript and certificate system using blockchain. It is meant to provide a completely transparent and effective examination and awards system that can be used to replace the traditional one in place. What has also proposed in this study is a novel light blockchain system composed of a number of modules, which have been built from scratch. With its decentralised approach, the proposed system proved to be very much helpful. Other features, such as security, immutability, availability, and anonymity, of the system are also discussed and yielded highly encouraging results.
Meiryani Meiryani, Monika Sujanto, ASL Lindawati, Arif Zulkarnain · 5 authors
The purpose of this study is to analyze the auditor’s perception of the implementation of technology transformation such as: blockchain and CAATs that can affect audit quality at the Big Four Public Accounting Firm in Jakarta. This study uses quantitative research methods using a combination of primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used in this study was questionnaires. The sample was taken using purposive sampling method, which resulted in 60 respondents. Data analysis was carried out with SmartPLS 3.0 and IBM SPSS 26 software which resulted in the conclusion that the auditor’s perception of the implementation of blockchain had a significant positive effect on audit quality, while the auditor’s perception of the implementation of CAATs had no significant positive effect on audit quality.
Waleed Iftikhar, Daniel Mago Vistro, Zunair Mahmood
The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate the factors that influence Blockchain technology adoption in Malaysian higher education sector. This research has proposed a theoretical framework for Blockchain technology adoption based on Integrated TAM model and TOE framework constructs. The seven factors examined in this research are relative advantage, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, scalability concern, top management support, competitive pressure and regulatory policy. Factors are categorized in the Technological, organizational and environmental context. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect the primary data for this research, from five Malaysian higher education institutes. Hypothesis for this research were derived using the proposed research framework and previously published literature, and further tested using multiple linear regression. The findings of the statistical analysis reveal that, perceived usefulness, competitive pressure and top management support have a significant and positive influence on Malaysian higher education institutes intention to adopt Blockchain technology. This research was performed in the Malaysian higher education sector, so this may limit the generalizability of the relevant findings. The findings of this research provide a better understanding of which technological, organizational and environmental factors affect the Blockchain adoption process in the Malaysian higher education institutes. This research contributes to the theoretical body of knowledge of the technology adoption, by examining unique external variables with an integrated TAM model and TOE framework approach.
The aim of this paper is to review the blockchain technology and its benefits in relations to education system. Blockchain technology is widely researched and highly evaluated and appraised for its unique infrastructure. In general, blockchain researched for its association with Bitcoin and cryptocurrency advantages. In this survey the plan is to conduct a full review of previous literatures focused on blockchain in education systems. Provide overall reviews of blockchain concepts and architecture behind the technology and to examine verification software that used by the technology to improve security and immutability. Brief discussion on the consensus algorithms and hashing function and how these operate and difference type of blockchain will be discussed. In this survey, the existing technology used in Saudi Arabia will be reviewed. In-depth research conducted for over 70 papers, of which 35 noted in this survey. Blockchain emerging promise a real time democracy and justice to all users over the world. Educational Industries said to revolutionize its communication system and accessibility and extend their market globally by widening their admissions and providing secure cost-effective, transparent and immutable communications across their educational platforms.
A family health management system deals with a safe and secure way of managing family member health details such as illness diagnosis, treatment, medical prescriptions, medical reports, and life insurance policies. All health records are encrypted and stored in chronological order utilizing blockchain technology so that authenticity, integrity, security, and privacy of the records are safeguarded. All stages of medical treatment are documented and stored for ease of future reference by the family. This becomes very handy if a person changes doctors and/or relocates to some other place/country for varied reasons. All the necessary health reports are shared with the life insurance company so that insurance claims become hassle free, if applicable. Medicine details are cross-verified with the manufactures to avoid fake drugs. This chapter explores the compatibility of using ethereum with the interactive MyEtherWallet to implement the proposed model.
B. Sriman, Nitesh Kumar L, K S Prabhaharan, Ramakrishnan Ramanathan · 6 authors
The rise of counterfeit products poses a significant challenge for manufacturers, affecting their brand reputation, sales, and profitability. However, blockchain technology provides a solution by ensuring the identification and traceability of genuine products throughout the supply chain. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that securely stores transactional data in interconnected databases. Leveraging blockchain for product authentication and counterfeit detection offers a tamper-proof system. One effective approach is to utilize Quick Response (QR) codes linked to the blockchain. QR code scanners verify product authenticity by comparing the scanned code with entries in the blockchain database. If a match is found, customers receive confirmation of the product's genuineness. If no match is detected, customers are promptly notified of a counterfeit product, allowing manufacturers to address the issue. Counterfeit products not only harm manufacturers but also jeopardize consumer safety, revenue, brand reputation, and trust. Establishing a reliable system to detect counterfeit products is crucial. Blockchain-based systems provide a decentralized and secure platform, ensuring product authenticity and mitigating counterfeiting risks. By leveraging blockchain and QR codes, manufacturers can protect their brands, boost consumer confidence, and maintain a secure supply chain.
Blockchain is an emerging technology that has many uses and applications among many industries such as banking, education, and tourism. It has proven over time to be more cryptographically secure than traditional databases. Many people confuse Bitcoin with Blockchain. Because of the considerable value of Bitcoins, people have the perception that blockchain technology requires large computing infrastructure and power due to CPU bottleneck challenges. This paper presents the process used in testing blockchain technology performance on a virtual machine by focusing on benchmarking workloads like CPUHeavy using Ethereum blockchain and comparing two different algorithm sorts, Quick and bubble. The results of the testing indicate that blockchain workloads can be performed on smaller machines with very little CPU bottlenecks. In addition, performance test outcomes found that the CPUHeavy and Quicksort was more superior.