Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
8,837 results · page 314 of 369
Haya R. Hasan, Esra Alhadhrami, Alia AlDhaheri, Khaled Salah · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Petri Helo, Yuqiuge Hao
No abstract is available for this record.
Xingxiong Zhu, Tao Fan
The signing of electronic contracts and the certification of important documents are realized by utilizing blockchain, identity-based cryptography and electronic signature technology. Blockchain technology can realize the data distributed ledgers through the entire system nodes, the whole processes, and the entire transactions. Identity-based cryptography and electronic signature technology can achieve data integrity, privacy, and nonrepudiation. All data is shared by all participating nodes, the information in the cyberspace is more transparent, and the behavior is more traceable. A complete and compliant contract signing process and data certification is achieved.
Chuan Chen, Jiajing Wu, Hui Lin, Wuhui Chen · 5 authors
In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient blockchain-based data trading approach for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). First, we apply consortium blockchain technologies to ensure secure and truthful data trading, and propose a general blockchain-based data trading framework for IoV. Second, to improve the efficiency of data trading and encourage more participants to trade data, we propose an iterative double auction mechanism with the purpose of achieving social welfare maximization, in which pricing rules of buyers and sellers are designed to induce participants to submit bids and to decide the amount of traded data and its price among buyers and sellers. In particular, in our algorithm, the hidden information of individuals can be extracted gradually so that the privacy of participants in data trading can be protected well. Finally, the experimental results show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. Moreover, the correctness of social welfare maximization, incentive compatibility, individually rationality, and weakly budget balance of our auction mechanism are verified in the experiments.
Shanshan Zhao, Shancang Li, Yufeng Yao
The emerging blockchain technology shows promising potential to enhance industrial systems and the Internet of things (IoT) by providing applications with redundancy, immutable storage, and encryption. In the past few years, many more applications in industrial IoT (IIoT) have emerged and the blockchain technologies have attracted huge amounts of attention from both industrial and academic researchers. In this paper, we address the integration of blockchain and IIoT from the industrial prospective. A blockchain-enabled IIoT framework is introduced and involved fundamental techniques are presented. Moreover, the main applications and key challenges are addressed. A comprehensive analysis for the most recent research trends and open issues is provided associated with the blockchain-enabled IIoT.
Aleksandr Zavodovski, Nitinder Mohan, Walter Wong, Jussi Kangasharju
High demand for low latency services and local data processing has given rise for edge computing. As opposed to cloud computing, in this new paradigm computational facilities are located close to the end-users and data producers, on the edge of the network, hence the name. The critical issue for the proliferation of edge computing is the availability of local computational resources. Major cloud providers are already addressing the problem by establishing facilities in the proximity of end-users. However, there is an alternative trend, namely, developing open infrastructure as a set of standards, technologies, and practices to enable any motivated parties to offer their computational capacity for the needs of edge computing. Open infrastructure can give an additional boost to this new promising paradigm and, moreover, help to avoid problems for which cloud computing has been long criticized for, such as vendor lock-in or privacy. In this paper, we discuss the challenges related to creating such an open infrastructure, in particular focusing on the applicability of distributed ledgers for contractual agreement and payment. Solving the challenge of contracting is central to realizing an open infrastructure for edge computing, and in this paper, we highlight the potential and shortcomings of distributed ledger technologies in the context of our use case.
Upul Jayasinghe, Gyu Myoung Lee, Áine MacDermott, Woo Seop Rhee
Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the collection, processing, and analysis of various forms of data including the personal data from billions of objects to generate valuable knowledge, making more innovative services for its stakeholders. Yet, this paradigm continuously suffers from numerous security and privacy concerns mainly due to its massive scale, distributed nature, and scarcity of resources towards the edge of IoT networks. Interestingly, blockchain based techniques offer strong countermeasures to protect data from tampering while supporting the distributed nature of the IoT. However, the enormous amount of energy consumption required to verify each block of data make it difficult to use with resource-constrained IoT devices and with real-time IoT applications. Nevertheless, it can expose the privacy of the stakeholders due to its public ledger system even though it secures data from alterations. Edge computing approaches suggest a potential alternative to centralized processing in order to populate real-time applications at the edge and to reduce privacy concerns associated with cloud computing. Hence, this paper suggests the novel privacy preserving blockchain called TrustChain which combines the power of blockchains with trust concepts to eliminate issues associated with traditional blockchain architectures. This work investigates how TrustChain can be deployed in the edge computing environment with different levels of absorptions to eliminate delays and privacy concerns associated with centralized processing and to preserve the resources in IoT networks.
Junfang Zeng, Yong Yuan, Jing Zhang, Yu Liu
The blockchain characteristics of decentralization and trust mechanism match with the development demand of smart parks. Based on a practical park planning project, this paper studies the requirements of smart parks, proposes an innovative blockchain application scheme. The service model (entity model, data model, transaction model) of the blockchain smart park is proposed, and the system architecture, DAPP modules and process flow are designed, and the integration of blockchains is analyzed as well. The scheme provides reference to the construction and operation of smart parks running on the blockchain, to realize the opening and autonomy of the park ecosystem.
Rishabh Jain, Aniket Dogra
This research focuses on the decentralised distribution of solar energy between networks using IoT (Internet of Things) enabled devices and Blockchain technology. IoT provides a medium for software part to interact with the physical part which is energy and transmission grid. IoT connects the physical battery containing the energy to the cloud database which is then used to interact with the software. IoT also enables the transfer of energy through the physical medium on the command given by the user through the user application. To make the system decentralized, blockchain is used, which helps to connect all the users in the network where they can transact without the need of knowing each other or having the obligation of any intermediary. Decentralisation helps in achieving a system which doesn't require any middleman and works on the cumulative trust of the nodes - often referred to as the Consensus-Based Algorithm. There are a number of such algorithms but Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) are widely used for blockchains. We suggest using the PoW algorithm. We need to take care if the certain conditions meet before enabling any user to transact. For such condition, we used the application logic on the server side to enable a valid transaction (similar to smart contracts on Ethereum). Blockchain also offers security, transparency, immutability and customer centricity to develop the most advanced and automated platform.
Deepsubhra Guha Roy, Puja Das, Debashis De, Rajkumar Buyya
No abstract is available for this record.
Francesca Antonucci, Simone Figorilli, Corrado Costa, Federico Pallottino · 6 authors
BACKGROUND: Food security can benefit from the technology's transparency, relatively low transaction costs and instantaneous applications. A blockchain is a distributed database of records in the form of encrypted blocks, or a public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties and can be verified at any time in the future. Generally, the robust and decentralized functionality of the blockchain is used for global financial systems, but it can easily be expanded to contracts and operations such as tracking of the global supply chain. In the precision agriculture context, Information and Communications Technology can be further implemented with a blockchain infrastructure to enable new farm systems and e-agriculture schemes. RESULTS: The purpose of this review is to show a panorama of the scientific studies (enriched by a terms mapping analysis) on the use of blockchain in the agri-food sector, from both an entirely computational and an applicative point of view. As evidenced by the network analysis, the reviewed studies mainly focused on software aspects (e.g. the architecture and smart contracts). However, some aspects regarding the different blockchain knots (computers always connected to the blockchain network) having the role to store and distribute an updated copy of each block in a food supply-chain, result of crucial importance. CONCLUSION: These technologies appear very promising and rich of great potential showing a good flexibility for applications in several sectors but still immature and hard to apply due to their complexity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Shailendra Rathore, Byung Wook Kwon, Jong Hyuk Park
No abstract is available for this record.
Mayra Samaniego, Cristian Espana, Ralph Deters
The high demand for food makes it necessary to implement plant phenotyping processes into breeding programs to deal with global food security. Image-based plant phenotyping generates vast amounts of data. Traditionally, this data has been managed in a centralized manner requiring that an administrator grants access permissions. This approach has some limitations when sharing data; for instance, we cannot track whether data has been shared with the permission of the owner. This research proposes a blockchain-based system for data access control management in the field of image-based plant phenotyping. This system integrates Ethereum blockchain to allow users to be the administrators of their data. Thus, users can grant or deny permissions to access their data without relying on any central administrator. This system is part of the research work at the Plant Phenotyping and Imaging Research Centre (P2IRC) in Saskatoon, Canada.
Kalthoum Rezgui, Hédia Mhiri
During last years, several competency management systems (CMSs) have been proposed to support the acquisition, allocation, and improvement of competencies. However, competency information and associated proofs are still not tracked and shared in a trustworthy and immutable way. In this context, blo ckchain technology provides a prominent manner to keep track of competencies and achievements and to ensure their sharing in a secure and transparent manner. Particularly, given the decentralized nature of immutable and distributed ledgers enabled by blockchain, the potential for using this revolutionary new technology for lifelong competency tracking and assessment is tremendous. In this paper, a functional architecture using smart contracts and blockchain is proposed to support competency tracking and assessment in learning networks. Thus, by implementing the proposed architecture, all the different stakeholders involved can be connected, namely, learners, authors, and assessors. Besides, a full traceability of acquired proofs of competencies and competency profiles is warranted, while ensuring their authenticity and integrity.
Kai Fan, Shili Sun, Zheng Yan, Qiang Pan · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Tobias Meyer, Marlene Kuhn, Evi Hartmann
No abstract is available for this record.
Shubhani Aggarwal, Rajat Chaudhary, Gagangeet Singh Aujla, Neeraj Kumar · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Tiffany Hyun‐Jin Kim, Joshua Lampkins
With the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoTs), their devices have been collecting our personal data to enhance our life styles and their purposes. Care must be taken when handling such sensitive data to protect the data owners' privacy while guaranteeing the integrity when the data is accessed by a third party. Furthermore, data should be available without much delay to support medical emergencies. Unfortunately, IoT devices may be limited with storage and computational resources to operate highly secure operations and respond to data requests. In this paper, we propose SSP, a novel mechanism that protects the privacy and integrity of the data collected by IoT devices without having a single point of failure, while minimizing the cryptographic operations that must be performed on IoT devices. SSP utilizes the blockchain data structure for availability and integrity, and Multi-Party-Computations (MPC) for privacy protection. We implemented SSP in C/C++ and according to our evaluation results, SSP is efficient in computation, communication, and storage operations on IoT devices.
Jinyu Zhang, Honghui Zhao, Yumeng Yang, Jiaqi Yan
This paper describes a used car trading system based on Blockchain technology, which is a case studied for exploring the potential of Blockchain technologies in emerging landscapes and industrial applications. We are committed to solving the problem of lack of transparency and lack of trust in the current transaction of used cars. The Blockchain has played a positive role in improving business efficiency by helping to solve problems such as trust and data sharing. We hope that through our solutions, the used car market will flourish and make emerging Internet technologies more convenient for our lives.
Christian Rondanini, Barbara Carminati, Elena Ferrari
Selection criteria regulating IoT device discovery involve confidentiality issue on the information the constraints convey. A promising approach to cope with this issue is leveraging on blockchain technology and smart contracts to implement the overall discovery process deployment. However, due to the blockchain design, data within the blockchain is public and smart contracts cannot access data outside the blockchain, unless through the exploitation of Oracles. On the one hand, this brings benefits of trust decentralization, transparency, and accountability of the discovery process. On the other hand, it carries serious consequences on confidentiality and privacy as well as on Oracles trustworthiness. For these reasons, in this paper, we investigate how to ensure data confidentiality during the discovery process of IoT devices on blockchain even in the presence of an untrusted Oracle.
Jing Li, Tingting Liu, Dusit Niyato, Ping Wang · 6 authors
As a decentralized ledger technology, blockchain is considered to be a potential solution for applications with highly concentrated management mechanism. However, most of the existing blockchain networks are employed with the hash-puzzle-solving consensus protocol, known as proof-of-work. The competition of solving the puzzle introduces high latency, which directly leads to a long transaction-processing time. One solution of this dilemma is to establish a blockchain network with shards. In this paper, we focus on the blockchain network with shards and adopt the security-deposit based consensus protocol, studying the problem of how to balance the security incentive and the economic incentive. Also, the inherent features of the blockchain, i.e., anonymity and decentralization, introduce the information asymmetric issue between the beacon chain and the participants. The contract theory is utilized to formulate the problem between them. As such, the optimal rewards related to the different types of validators can be obtained, as well as the reasonable deposits accordingly. Compared with the fixed deposits, the flexible deposits can provide enough economic incentive for the participants without losing the security incentives. Besides, the simulation results demonstrate that the contract theory approach is capable of maximizing the beacon chain's utility and satisfying the incentive compatibility and individual rationality of the participants.
He Bai, Geming Xia, Shaojing Fu
Due to its immutable and transparent nature, Blockchain (BC) provided a decentralized solution to overcome security and resource challenges of centralized Internet of Things (IoT). However, its integration with IoT is limited by scalability and expensive computation. To this end, we propose a two-layer-consensus based BC architecture optimized for IoT requirements. Low resource devices attached to the server and with users and other nodes form Base-Layer. There is a high-scalable and fully decentralized blockchain performing basic functions maintaining in Base-Layer, myriad blocks are mined and submitted every round, but only one block selected by Top-Layer can be recorded. Top-Layer with another high-security blockchain is formed by special nodes running a Non-byzantine fault tolerance algorithm to determine the accounting rights in random. Analysis and evaluation show that consensus has better fault tolerance and increases scalability.
Suhan Jiang, Xinyi Li, Jie Wu
Computation offloading has been considered as a viable solution to blockchain mining in mobile environments. In this paper, we present a two-layer computation offloading paradigm that includes an edge computing service provider (ESP) and a cloud computing service provider (CSP). We formulate a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game to address the computing resource management problem in such a network, by jointly maximizing the profits of each service provider (SP) and the payoffs of individual miners. Two practical scenarios are investigated: a fixed-miner-number scenario for permissioned blockchains and a dynamic-miner-number scenario for permissionless blockchains. For the fixed-miner-number scenario, we discuss two different edge operation modes, i.e., the ESP is connected (to the CSP) or standalone, which form different miner subgames based on whether each miner's strategy set is mutually dependent. The existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) in both modes are analyzed, according to which algorithms are proposed to achieve the corresponding SE(s). For the dynamic-miner-number scenario, we focus on the impact of population uncertainty and find that the uncertainty inflates the aggressiveness in the ESP resource purchasing. Numerical evaluations are presented to verify the proposed models.
M S Urmila, Balaji Hariharan, Rekha Prabha
IoT devices or smart devices have become a part and parcel of the human existence. Every day, the counts of devices, which are being connected to the internet, are becoming unquantifiable. One among the prominent applications in commercial IoT is medical IoT. Privacy maintenance and ensuring security of user data is a major concern in certain scenarios such as that of the medical IoT. Conventionally the data generated from a sensor should be highly confidential and private. The centralized data management adopted in majority of IoT systems are having high set up cost and are prone to single point of failure and does not provide any guarantee of data authenticity and security. The inherent nature of IoT systems such as limited storage and low processing capabilities make them an unsuitable candidate for the use of complex and highly computational cryptographic algorithms. Even though the use of modern server platforms such as the AWS and Google helped in mitigating the issues of high setup cost and less security, the problems of data authenticity and access control still persists. Blockchain is a decentralized mechanism for secure management and exchange of data in any IoT system, particularly healthcare. Hence blockchain with its inherent properties of immutability, consensus mechanism, provenance and encryption can solve the problems of authenticity and access control in IoT. There exists several research works related to IoT security with the inclusion of blockchain framework. However, a collation of various works related to blockchain IoT is absent in the literature and this paper aims to provide a detailed amalgam of the wide range of works in blockchain IoT. We also aim to highlight the necessity of securing an IoT system and present a comparison of blockchain and other security techniques in terms of robustness, setup cost, risk of failure etc. and also propose an ideal security technique that can be adopted for IoT applications.