As an innovation in the world of computers, blockchain has many benefits and is also widely applied in the world of education. Blockchain itself has many advantages, especially in the world of education. Blockchain is a digital data storage system that consists of many servers (multiserver). In this Blockchain technology, data created by one server can be replicated and verified by another server. By using this technology with a decentralized system and strong cryptography and can help colleges or universities to build infrastructure in the archive storage of transcripts, diplomas, and diplomas. Usage One of the blockchain technology applications in education is iBC, namely the e-learning Blockchain Certificate, book copyright, and also e-Portfolios. iBC or e-learning Blockchain Certificate is a tool designed to create, verify and also issue blockchain certificates. As has been supported by the IBC to create certificates that are globally verified and stored in a decentralized manner. Here will be presented use cases that are relevant in the use of Blockchain technology in educational environments, especially data processing in universities and we also try to design an IBC based on blockchain technology that can be used to support transparency and accountability of colleges or universities in issuing diplomas and grades.Â
Imam Riadi, Rusydi Umar, Iqbal Busthomi, Arif Wirawan Muhammad
Payload authentication is vulnerable to Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. Blockchain technology offers methods such as peer to peer, block hash, and proof-of-work to secure the payload of authentication process. The implementation uses block hash and proof-of-work methods on blockchain technology and testing is using White-box-testing and security tests distributed to system security practitioners who are competent in MITM attacks. The analyisis results before implementing Blockchain technology show that the authentication payload is still in plain text, so the data confidentiality has not minimize passive voice. After implementing Blockchain technology to the system, white-box testing using the Wireshark gives the result that the authentication payload sent has been well encrypted and safe enough. The percentage of security test results gets 95% which shows that securing the system from MITM attacks is relatively high. Although it has succeeded in securing the system from MITM attacks, it still has a vulnerability from other cyber attacks, so implementation of the Blockchain needs security improvisation.
The blockchain system uses hash functions. Hash is used in the blockchain to mark each block of data. Hash function algorithms map a string that is usually hexadecimal of any size to a sequence of fixed-size bits. This journal will discuss the distributed hash model for immutable blockchain node storageThe methodology used in the preparation of this research is mind mapping and literature review, namely the collection of scientific journals, articles and ebooks. Storage of nodes on the blockchain using a distributed hash model. The distributed hash model only stores a portion of the block data at each node, and the block data is taken as a resource. A hash connects each block with the previous on the blockchain, so the entire blockchain transaction cannot be changed or deleted. For further research will expand the research topic regarding storage immutability on the blockchain so that it becomes more complete and detailed.
Blockchain technology is known for its large-scale digitisation trends that play an important role in various organisations. Because it is distributed and decentralized from blockchain, this feature makes the role of blockchain technologies based on products and services significantly different from previous technology offerings. The value proposition offered by this blockchain is very suitable to be applied in education. After a few years this caused disruption from various industry circles, current educational areas including those that are very perceived by the Indonesian people there is no progress and road in place. It is possible that in the next ten years, the educational actors who are less sensitive will one by one fall because of the storm-cast disruption technology. The educational institution is one of which is aware of the advantages and extraordinary potential of blockchain technology. Among other things, a digital signature certificate is important in the context of digital archiving to verify the authenticity of a document in an educational institution. But the lack of education from the community makes ignorance about the point of the advantage of blockchain technology that can be applied in the field of education. Therefore, a public understanding of the blockchain is packaged in the form of ontology on the education shutter. This research in particular is exploring the ontology approach of using root merkle methods in providing solutions to the application of blockchain, including slow process and small storage space. This issue causes it to be very difficult for educational institutions to store processes and stages of learning into the blockchain. This research can be the cornerstone of identifying solutions from certificates of digital signatures in terms of archiving, authentication and digital verification on the design of a new breakthrough framework with an ontology approach to blockchain educational design.
Dewi Immaniar, Nur Azizah, Dedeh Supriyanti, Nanda Septiani · 5 authors
Proof of Tunnel Signature (PoTS) is designed to avoid the main problems found in certificates based on Blockchain technology. In this case, it is so closely related to Cybersecurity. A lightweight protocol such as a Certificate Authenticated Key Agreement (CAKA) is needed to reduce the vulnerability of a system's operation, namely overcoming management overhead by using a decentralized system according to the characteristics of Blockchain Technology. PoTS is the second stage after determining the Key Agreement (KA) or certificate hash in authenticating a node, and this is also a significant step in minimizing computation costs. The nodes generated after the signing process remain anonymous and can be verified optimally. Smart contracts are also used as a support so that this research can ensure transparency and openness of transaction nodes to maintain and improve the efficiency of transaction security for a certificate based on Blockchain Technology.
Ethereum is one of the oldest examples of blockchain technology provides a system that converts centralized storage to distributed and records transactions by way of decentralized and not by a centralized system and can be verified by each node, therefore it is suitable for storing fingerprints from official diploma documents and transcripts that are published. Smart contract is needed for making contract transactions to Ethereum with programming code, so contracts such as diplomas and transcripts uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain can distribute and produce diploma validation and the authenticity of transcripts with transaction hash, consensus, and comply with ERC-721 token standardization. The results showed that a sample of 5 electronic documents in pdf format with a transaction speed of 1 second on each file that were published and secured with Ethereum blockchain technology can be easily verified for authenticity, the system proposed and developed by us takes in consideration invalid and failure cases by giving the necessary feedback to the user.
Within the world of gaming, there has been a move from diversions being utilized exclusively for excitement, to recreations being utilized as a medium to teach. For this matter, there are two strategies of making amusement which are gamification or game-based learning. The previous is the utilization of diversion components, such as wellbeing focuses or pioneer sheets, and they are connected to a non-gaming stage. The last mentioned, game-based learning, incorporates creating a full-fledged amusement where the means towards the conclusion, that's to say triumph, are set in a world where the player needs to apply the lessons given to progress. Since typically an IT-related investigation, the subject chosen for this study is Blockchain, an ever-expanding division over the past decade. Diverse parts of Blockchain's makeup have been dismembered into little, comprehensible pieces of data within the applications made, which innovative understudy to the frame can take in at their claimed pace. Should this study transcend this research, it might be beneficial for the experiments to possess two games designed and created by someone who has the artistic and technical capabilities of making their own assets. This is able to leave a far better impression with the test subjects and ideally receive a far better data set for examination.
<p>Abstrak. Nilai Bitcoin dapat berfluktuasi secara tidak terduga selama periode waktu yang singkat sebagai akibat nilai ekonominya yang masih muda, baru, dan pasar yang tidak cair (non liquid). Permasalahan yang umum dihadapi oleh investor dan trader adalah bagaimana meramalkan pergerakan nilai dari uang elektronik Bitcoin pada masa mendatang berdasarkan data yang telah lampau. Investor dan trader hanya melihat pergerakan berdasarkan pergerakan nilai mata uang dunia dan memutuskan melakukan transaksi jual/beli Bitcoin secara intuitif, sehingga sering salah melakukan transaksi beli/jual. Kesalahan ini membuat banyak investor dan trader mengalami kerugian dalam jumlah yang besar. Kerugian yang terjadi dapat diminimalisir dengan menggunakan sebuah algoritma yang dapat meramalkan pergerakan nilai uang elektronik Bitcoin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis data pergerakan nilai uang elektronik dengan menggunakan algoritma peramalan Moving Average (MA). Data pergerakan Bitcoin yang diuji selama 5 Tahun untuk menguji tingkat akurasi peramalan. Proses pengumpulan data diambil dari data public yang ada di investing.com dan meta trader 4 dengan bantuan bahasa pemerograman C#. Hasil Uji menunjukkan persentasi benar yang diramalkan pada teknik Buy/beli sebesar 62.86%, sedangkan untuk teknik jual pada periode yang sama menunjukkan persentasi kebenaran prediksi hanya sebesar 25%. Kata kunci: Prediksi, Pergerakan Uang Elektronik, Bitcoin, Moving Avarage</p><p>Abstract. Bitcoin's value can fluctuate unpredictably over a short period of time as a result of its young, new economic value and a non-liquid market. The problem commonly faced by investors and traders is how to predict the movement of the value of Bitcoin electronic money in the future based on past data. Investors and traders only see movements based on movements in the value of world currencies and decide to buy / sell Bitcoin intuitively, so they often make wrong buying / selling transactions. This error caused many investors and traders to lose a large amount. Losses that occur can be minimized by using an algorithm that can predict the movement of the value of Bitcoin electronic money. This study aims to identify and analyze data on the movement of electronic money values using the Moving Average (MA) forecasting algorithm. Bitcoin movement data tested for 5 years to test the accuracy of forecasting. The data collection process is taken from public data available on investing.com and meta trader 4 with the help of the C# programming language. The test results show that the correct percentage predicted in the Buy / buy technique is 62.86%, while for the selling technique in the same period it shows the percentage of correct predictions is only 25%. Keywords: Prediction, Electronic Money Movement, Bitcoin, Moving Avarage</p>
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kointegrasi, kausalitas berikut pengaruh antara Bitcoin dan nilai tukar Rupiah. Metode penelitian uji regresi linier sederhana dengan metode ARCH- GARCH, Kointegrasi Johansen, dan Kausalitas Engel Granger. Data Bitcoin dan nilai tukar menggunakan data mingguan selama enam tahun (2013-2019). Penelitian ini mendapatkan Bitcoin tidak memiliki kointegrasi jangka panjang dengan nilai tukar Rupiah. Hubungan kausalitas berbentuk pola satu arah yang terjadi pada Bitcoin terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah. Bitcoin memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah. Transaksi Bitcoin tidak memenuhi salah satu rukun maupun syarat dalam al-sharf sehingga tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan syariat Islam serta transaksi tidak dapat dibatalkan walaupun terjadi pending order. Bitcoin lebih beresiko pada maysir, batil, dan gharar.
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Christopher Lumbantobing, Isfenti Sadalia, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbadingan kinerja cryptocurrency bitcoin, saham, dan emas. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode komparatif. Populasi yang dalam penelitian ini yaitu harga penutupan bulanan bitcoin, saham LQ45, dan emas mulai dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021, yaitu sebanyak 180 data. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengambilan sampel jenuh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan data time series dan Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Data dikalkulasikan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel verdasarkan formula dari masing-masing variabel penelitian. Data diolah menggunkan aplikasi SPSS yaitu Uji ANOVA. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara bitcoin, saham dan emas bila dilihat dari return dan risk. Kemudian, terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara kinerja bitcoin, saham dan emas yang diukur dengan metode Sharpe, Treynor, dan Jensen.
Irvan Arif Kurniawan, Dede Yusman, Indri Okshana Aprilia
KTP is a proof of identification issued by the implementing agency that applies throughout the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The existence of KTP is recognized as very important in daily life because it is used in all activities or any series of administrative transactions. Field studies found the number of cases of Asphalt ID cards (original but fake) used as a means of media fraud. Because ID cards are very easy to falsify this makes it difficult to identify cases of data misappropriation. The focus of the research was the utilization of Blockchain, by applying distributed consensus and cryptography in improving the administration management system of KTP to identify the existence of fake IDs and double data. The research method used is descriptive analysis method and literature study. By implementing the decentralization and cryptographic system owned by Blockchain, it is expected to minimize the occurrence of identity misappropriation, as well as be able to be a technology capable of contributing to the success of aspects of state administration governance systems.
Dr. J. Preetha, K. Vijay, P. Meyanandhan, K. Praveen Kumar
The blockchain technology has been an essential part due to its decentralization and security, some of its applications are decentralized voting system and transactions. The most important feature of blockchain is smart contract. The smart contract are the lines of code similar to agreement that runs on the top of blockchain to execute a process. Solidity is a common language used to design the smart contract and smart contract are stored in public database and execute automatically and cannot be changed once executed. Smart contract are not controlled by the user and they are deployed to the blockchain network and execute as programmed. Ethereum is a decentralized smart contract which runs on its own native platform.
Yunifa Miftachul Arif, Muhammad Naufal Firdaus, Hani Nurhayati
An essential part of game development, especially in the multiplayer genre, is the scoring system. Data assurance on each device and data security is a significant issue in developing the assessment system. In this paper, our scoring system creates with blockchain-based data sharing for multiplayer games. We implemented the data design on the Unity game engine using the ethereum framework. The test results show that each device can connect to the network and can display the player's update score via the leaderboard. Some ethereum variables that affect the score data transaction process include gas prices, gas limits, and the gas used. The transaction speed test results show that the faster the gas limit value, the faster the transaction validation process will make the data transaction process faster. In this study, the gas limit value 500000 is the most optimal to get player score data transactions. While the average cost incurred for each data delivery score is 0.00996434 ETH.
Hyperledger Fabric refers to a blockchain technology regulated by the Linux Foundation, which implements a blockchain network, namely the permission blockchain. The network provides a membership service concept, which means that only certain parties can transact and access data. This research will show the blockchain architecture design of the hyperledger fabric, which is designed for the purchasing strategy of recycled waste products. The design will be used to make purchases for managing distributors in buying recycled waste products from waste banks as raw materials to be processed. The traditional purchasing process using the bank as a third party will take longer and will be more expensive. Therefore, this research aims to improve data security and transparency between the authorities and direct the payment process in an instant and dramatically reduce transaction costs. Besides, this design can also be applied to any e-commerce. The method used is blockchain, which focuses on hyperledger fabric design. The position on the hyperledger fabric is only applied to the transaction processing of the hyperledger fabric. This study's results apply a design to a blockchain system using a hyperledger fabric to overcome several technical problems related to blockchains such as throughput, scalability, and interoperability and contribute to purchasing strategies.
The challenge that has often occurred in recent years is making access to education using a different learning process path. The presence of technology now provides solutions to problems that often occur such as communication, accessing information, and business or cooperation. Blockchain is a technology that develops an evaluation model for itineraries in the learning process, both individually and in bulk. Currently the Edublocs project has been designed and implemented, which combines elements of peer-to-peer learning and the teaching team. The aim of the Edublocs project is to simplify the process of designing and implementing a system for recording activity results through blockchain technology. This ongoing project is in the process of evaluation. Conforming to some design elements as well as experimental implementation in the context of higher education enables us to further indicate the sustainability and relevance of the application of blockchain technology in education.
Rahul Pitale, Kapil Tajane, S. S. Khandagale, Vidhya Gadewar · 6 authors
The increase in fake goods is severely affecting the industrial sector and consumers. According to the survey, incidences involving fake products have increased in recent years, which have had a negative impact on sales, profits, and brand recognition. Far from reducing the ability of a company to make money, this counterfeiting also affects the consumer's ability to trust their goods in open market. Without proper tracking and security measures, consumers gradually stop trusting brands to keep their consumers safe from theft. This is happening because the manufacturing and distribution processes are hidden to consumers and this information is easily manipulated or falsified by others. So, users must have a method to determine if a product is genuine or not. This study proposes a blockchain based anti-counterfeiting system for product traceability throughout the supply chain. By using public or permissionless blockchain all the information throughout the supply chain will be recorded in the blockchain network in the form of blocks that are immutable, transparent, secure, tamper-proof, and trusted. This proposed method uses QR code for making the system further secure.
Suneetha Merugula, G. Dinesh, M. Kathiravan, Gourab Das · 6 authors
Recently, Blockchain technology has gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners. This is mainly due to its unique features including decentralization, security, reliability, and data integrity. Despite this increasing interest, little is recognized and that over existing notion of knowledge and experience concerning the usages of Blockchain technology in education. The whole paper is a comparative study on Blockchain-based educational software. It concentrates on three major concepts: (1) academic apps formed with Blockchain, (2) the advantages which could be brought to learning by blockchain and approaches for implementing blockchain innovation in schools and (3) issues. A thorough review of the outcomes of every framework is carried out, as far as a thorough review is focused on the observations. The analysis also provides visibility into certain aspects of learning, which has been gained through blockchain innovation. During the past few years, the issue of funding small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) seems to have been a challenge for emerging nations in particular the Financial regions in developed countries and growing economies have often formed specialized target economies primarily reserved for SMEs in current history. The development about such enough prime businesses devoted to small and mediumsized enterprises is increasingly viewed as an option to the prevailing new investment. Financial leverage has grown differently in emerging markets yet certain issues continue unresolved. Blockchain has significant possibilities in the business sector. While such innovation will not be manipulated or interfered upon, it might be a benefit for junior market indexes although it is a reliable, effective and low-cost method for registering goods and purchase of commodities. Consequently, Blockchain technology optimizes the payment of funds and exchange of equity by mentoring the purchases among small and medium-sized enterprises or startups and shareholders.
Awsan A. H. Othman, Emarn A. A. Muhammed, Haneen K. M. Mujahid, Hamzah A. A. Muhammed · 5 authors
Voting process is a democratic practice that has been used over the years as a primary method used by people in democratic countries to express their opinions on issues and discussions that concern them. This paper seeks to facilitate and protect the voting process by making an online voting system for elections and referendums connected with voting devices. The IoT and Blockchain have been used with this system to ensure that users' data are protected from theft and prevent eavesdropping or vote tampering to guarantee the integrity of the voting. The blockchain encrypts votes in order to protect every vote from forgery. This system is not directed to governments only, but to all governmental and private agencies. For example, governments can establish referendums or elections, and anyone who has reached the legal age and has a voting card issued by the government will be able to vote, thus we get rid of the traditional methods and dispense with ballot boxes, standing in long queues and delay counting the votes that cost governments a lot of time, effort and money. Also, any institution or private corporation that wishes to conduct polls and questionnaires or to conduct a specific study in order to collect opinions from people of society can simply use this system to reach them. The system assists the concerned authorities in obtaining results quickly without delay, taking into account the differences in voting process between government and private organizations.
Utilizing blockchain technology for information system security in the field of education is that all information data that has been entered cannot be faked, lost, or damaged easily, and also with blockchain, one can send data and information instantaneously and be decentralized without relying on third parties. Blockchain is a ledger that can efficiently and effectively record transactions between two parties that have been distributed and in a verifiable and permanent way. However, even though the application of blockchain technology in education has not been utilized globally However, researchers try to evaluate the security of information systems in education using fingerprints by implementing cryptographic hash security sensors so that the results of this study are achieved and are useful for the world of education. This research method uses the SWOT method and all these things will be discussed. Keyword : Blockchain Technology, Education, Swot Method
Cryptocurrencies are among the inventions that have caused a stir in the economy of late. Because in its use there are still pros and cons of various countries. Some countries reject the use of cryptocurrencies and others support the use of cryptocurrencies because it is considered a modernization of payment tools. Besides being used for payment instruments, cryptocurrencies can also be one of the options to invest. The number of cryptocurrencies that exist causes investors to be observant in making the right choices. In this study, the Promethee method was used I and II to determine the rank of 7 virtual currencies. Promethee I is a partial assessment method while Promethee II is a complete assessment method. The data used for ranking is obtained from the questionnaire "sentiment on the performance of cryptocurrencies". The results of the cryptocurrency performance analysis showed that the investment commodity of the most recommended in a row is Bitcoin with a net flow value of 0.33267, Cardano 0.14267, Ethereum 0.04800, Ripple 0.04733, Stellar -0.04733, Litecoin -0.04767 and Dogecoin -0.47567.
Blockchain has emerged as an important concept at the interface of ICT and higher education. It is a system in which a record of transactions is maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network. Hence, it allows the creation of a decentralized environment, where data are not under the control of any third-party organization. This study presents a Systematic Bibliometric Literature Review (LRSB in further text) of research on blockchain applications in the higher education field. The review integrated 37 articles presenting up-to-date knowledge on current implications pertaining to the use of blockchain technology for improving higher education processes. The LRSB findings indicate that blockchain is being used to build up new interventions to improve the prevailing ways of sharing, delivering and securing knowledge data and personal student records. The application of blockchain technology is carrying on a conceptual progress in the higher education sector where it has added substantial value by ameliorated efficiency, effectiveness, privacy control, technological improvement and security of data management mechanisms. Challenges posed by current literature and further research directions are suggested.
This research is an effective digital certificate publishing activity by utilizing blockchain technology. By implementing decentralized systems and cryptography owned by the blockchain, it will potentially enlarge the educational progress space in Indonesia. The weakness of the current running system, lies in the difficulty of identifying the validity of a certificate issued by an educational institution. Therefore, the advantages that blockchain has, able to assist an educational institution, in establishing a widely accessible certification system infrastructure, to support the transparency and accountability of an educational institution, in identifying the validity of the certificate. Blockcert as one of MIT's tools, while acting as a barometer, is used to perform a series of activities in publishing activities and the implementation of official documents that are designed based on a technology commonly referred to as Blockchain. The research conducted will demonstrate that a decentralized consensus will be able to provide good distribution of information that can include all certificate deployment activities.
Rapid technological advances have made blockchain technology applicable not only to digital money, but in various fields. One of the areas that can be implemented by blockchain is digital tourism, specifically in the online review system of tourism products. The current online review system has several problems due to its centralized nature. The problem faced is the manipulation of review data which can be in the form of review deletion by a centralized party. This research proposes a decentralized online review system using the Ethereum blockchain technology, Smart Contracts, and IPFS to provide a secure, transparent, and trustworthy online review system platform. The purpose of this research is to implement a permission-less blockchain as a storage for reviews (review forms and log notes) and develop a web application as a user interface. The data used is data from travel sites which contain details about hotels and restaurants in Bukhara. The results displayed are the development of a web application that implements a permission-less blockchain using Ethereum and the system performance is displayed based on system testing, which comprised of unit testing and Black-Box testing.