Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
1,238 results · page 30 of 52
Sheng Zhao, Shuxian Zhu, Zhengtian Wu, Baoping Jaing
No abstract is available for this record.
Avinash Kumar, Bharat Bhushan, Parma Nand
No abstract is available for this record.
Jieren Cheng, Xinzhi Yao, Hui Li, Hao Lu · 9 authors
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is always one of the major problems for service providers. Using blockchain to detect DDoS attacks is one of the current popular methods. However, the problems of high time overhead and cost exist in the most of the blockchain methods for detecting DDoS attacks. This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative detection method for DDoS attacks. First, the trained DDoS attack detection model is encrypted by the Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX), which provides high security for uploading the DDoS attack detection model to the blockchain. Secondly, the service provider uploads the encrypted model to Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) and then a corresponding Content-ID (CID) is generated by IPFS which greatly saves the cost of uploading encrypted models to the blockchain. In addition, due to the small amount of model data, the time cost of uploading the DDoS attack detection model is greatly reduced. Finally, through the blockchain and smart contracts, the CID is distributed to other service providers, who can use the CID to download the corresponding DDoS attack detection model from IPFS. Blockchain provides a decentralized, trusted and tamper-proof environment for service providers. Besides, smart contracts and IPFS greatly improve the distribution efficiency of the model, while the distribution of CID greatly improves the efficiency of the transmission on the blockchain. In this way, the purpose of collaborative detection can be achieved, and the time cost of transmission on blockchain and IPFS can be considerably saved. We designed a blockchain-based DDoS attack collaborative detection framework to improve the data transmission efficiency on the blockchain, and use IPFS to greatly reduce the cost of the distribution model. In the experiment, compared with most blockchain-based method for DDoS attack detection, the proposed model using blockchain distribution shows the advantages of low cost and latency. The remote authentication mechanism of Intel SGX provides high security and integrity, and ensures the availability of distributed models.
Reham Abdelrazek Ali, Elmustafa Sayed Ali, Rania A. Mokhtar, Rashid A. Saeed
No abstract is available for this record.
Raifa Akkaoui, Alexandru Ştefanov, Peter Pálenský, Dick Epema
The concept of the internet of energy (IoE) emerged as an innovative paradigm to encompass all the complex and intertwined notions relevant to the transition of current smart grids towards more decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization. With a focus on the two last aspects, the amount of intelligent devices being connected in a scattered way to the existing power grid is ever-growing. Nevertheless, guaranteeing a cyber-secure and resilient control of these IoE components as well as a seamless and reliable delivery of electricity services, such as renewable energy exchange, electric vehicles charging, demand response, and so forth; might be the bottleneck of current power systems that are largely still functioning following a centralized approach. Thus, the future power grid would gradually incorporate a growing number of distributed-based control schemes to deal with this challenge. And many believe that blockchain could be a key-enabler in this transition, due to its consistent characteristics with multiple requirements of future power systems. In this paper, we provide an extensive state-of-the-art of blockchain-based additions to the IoE. Where, we first introduce various concepts related to blockchain and discuss the rationale behind its adoption in the context of IoE. Then, differently from the existing body of literature surveys, we do not only provide a taxonomy and evaluate a wide range of recent research outputs that integrated blockchain within modern power systems. But we also draw some valuable lessons learned for each studied category and discuss the intersection of blockchain with various emerging paradigms that have the potential of radically impacting the smart grid. In addition, we present some real-world industrial initiatives and ongoing projects built on top of blockchain, dedicated for offering diverse electricity services with a case study of a pilot project on energy trading in Amsterdam. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and worthwhile opportunities of deploying blockchain in this particular area, with a focus on the aspect of operational cyber-security.
Shailendra Mishra
The cybersecurity threats in the smart grid network are prominent with conventional approaches providing integrated security control and communication protection for smart grids that are vulnerable to some types of attacks and limit their use in real-time applications. In this study, the statistical function predicts the system performance of the future timestamp and compares it with the actual performance to detect the attack. The asymmetric encryption function is used to find the user authentication, which is complex and increases the network latency. In this paper, a blockchain-based methodology is proposed for cybersecurity threat detection in smart grid networks without increasing the network latency. The proposed model is based on blockchain-based secure user authentication, lightweight data encryption and quantum key distribution multi-constraint-based edge selection, bi-fold intrusion detection system, and optimal user privacy management. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is 98%.
Jiawei Yang
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is emerging as an increasingly popular approach because prosumers are allowed to trade their energy directly without intermediaries. This decentralised trading structure could be matched with the blockchain function to provide a more robust cyber-physical system as the blockchain is able to ensure the integrity of the transaction data and the privacy of prosumers. Since the consensus protocol of the blockchain determines its usage, a proper blockchain type and an effective pricing scheme design are required to safeguard the energy trading and improve the social welfare of the microgrid. In addition, a stable power delivery system is significant as it supports the energy trading. Therefore, the control system of the microgrid should also be safeguarded against any cyber attacks such as false data injection (FDI). The cryptographic mechanism and distributed ledger recording function enable the blockchain to provide a comprehensive protection for both P2P energy trading and control system. With the support of the smart contracts, designing a proper pricing scheme for energy trading and ensuring the security of the distributed secondary control for the frequency of the microgrid is a challenging task.
Ananya Banerjee
No abstract is available for this record.
Alessandro Augello, Pierluigi Gallo, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Giuseppe Sciumè · 5 authors
The advent of blockchain technology allows the raise of new business models for the electricity market, opening the way also to end-users and letting them offer regulation services to the power grid. Thanks to the characteristic of being distributed, the blockchain technology could be a solution to balancing problems caused by the penetration of renewable sources, implementing a platform for Demand-Response programs delivery. Demand-Response allows consumers to respond to market signals by increasing or reducing their energy consumption, contributing to greater flexibility and stability of the grid and to a more efficient use of infrastructures and energy resources. Currently, Demand-Response is carried out by controlling aggregates of loads, storage or generating units managed by centralized Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems such as SCADA. Regulatory changes and the increasing penetration of renewable sources distributed over the territory are turning the whole electricity system into a smart-grid. More recently and with reference to the end-users participation in regulation services, smartness is achieved through the so-called Internet of Things, which can be considered the modern equivalent of SCADA, but with the possibility of to being applied to distributed and diversified assets. For this reason, great efforts have been made to study the interoperability and coexistence between Internet of Things and blockchain, two emerging paradigms that are gaining popularity in the energy world. Limited or no contribution can instead be found in the literature on the integration of SCADA systems and blockchain. Indeed, in order to ensure an easier and faster widespread application of blockchain in the context of power systems, it is interesting to study its possible coexistence with legacy and more established industrial technologies such as OpenADR or SCADA. In Europe, the prevailing technology is the latter one. For this reason, in this paper, the coexistence of blockchain technology with SCADA systems is discussed. In particular, both Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and SCADA systems are considered together to assess the feasibility of aggregation of energy resources for Demand-Response, as well as the relevant measured data. The analysis is carried out by first presenting the two different paradigms: the centralized data acquisition in trusted environments and analysis via OpenADR and SCADA, and the global, distributed and secured ones with the blockchain. Then an architecture for the integration of SCADA and blockchain technology is proposed and the related challenges within the frame of a project for innovative technologies DR programs implementation are outlined.
Xinyang Li, Yujue Wang, Yong Ding, Shiye Ma · 9 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Davi Pedro Bauer
Unit tests are used to test code execution scenarios and ensure that they behave as expected. Most important, unit tests allow you to refactor code and make new changes without breaking existing behaviors.
Rijo Jackson Tom, Vivia Mary John, G. Renukadevi
No abstract is available for this record.
D. Ramı́rez, Javier Andres Muñoz Romero, Carlos Alberto Vanegas
Objective: This article presents one of the Blockchain applications in power systems employing the electrical variables monitoring delivered by a simulated relay.
 Methodology: The electrical variables are verified, compared, and uploaded to a blockchain network created by a network of servers; these are responsible for uploading, validating, and exporting information to the system. This study is carried out through the Python programming language.
 Results: An algorithm capable of integrating these variables from a simulated relay is created, 4 servers are created that are in charge of taking the relay signals every minute, validating that they are unique in the blockchain and uploading them, the first node that completes this task uploads its identification and the information of the relay, the processing times of the information once obtained are approximately 10 seconds
 Conclusions: It is concluded that the algorithm is capable of decentralizing the information collected by the servers in times equal to or greater than one minute, which can be very useful when saving information, in applications such as control by the network operator it falls short by having times greater than or equal to one minute, it should be taken into account that, for the development of a blockchain with a greater number of equipment, it is advisable to use machines with high levels of processing, much higher RAM memories, these characteristics allow the algorithm to run smoothly and in the shortest possible time.
 Financing: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Ava Hajian, Hsia‐Ching Chang
No abstract is available for this record.
Saurabh Shukla, Subhasis Thakur, John G. Breslin
No abstract is available for this record.
Emilio Ghiani, Mario Mureddu, Marco Galici, Matteo Troncia · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Sérgio Figueiredo, Paulo Silva, Alfonso Iacovazzi, Vitalina Holubenko · 11 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Xingyu Tao, Moumita Das, Yuhan Liu, Peter Kok-Yiu Wong · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Ahmed Khoumsi
No abstract is available for this record.
Morsy Nour, José Pablo Chaves Ávila, Álvaro Sánchez Miralles
Blockchain technology applications in the electricity sector are getting considerable attention from both academia and industry. It is expected that blockchain will play an important role in the transition to the smart grid. The blockchain applications in the electricity sector can be classified to optimizing existing processes like metering and billing or grid management and using blockchain for emerging applications such as creating new platforms for value exchange like peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. This paper briefly introduces the fundamentals of blockchain technology, such as different types of blockchain networks and consensus mechanisms, in addition to introducing a few blockchain platforms that are widely used in current studies, projects, and startups or may have future potential in the electricity sector applications. The contribution of this paper is to provide a review of potential applications of blockchain in many electricity sector use cases, and they are categorized into eight categories such as P2P energy trading, wholesale markets, retail markets, metering and billing, trading of renewable energy certificates (RECs) and carbon credits, electric mobility, enhancement of power system cyber security, investments in renewable energy sources (RESs), and power system operation and management. Moreover, examples of research studies, pilot projects, industrial projects, startups, or companies investigating the blockchain capabilities at each potential application are introduced. Furthermore, the studies presented in each use case are compared to clarify and highlight the blockchain functions and involved actors. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges that blockchain technology is facing that obstruct large-scale adoption in different sectors and in the electricity sector specifically and potential solutions to these challenges that are being developed.
Sergio Cantillo-Luna, Ricardo Moreno‐Chuquen, Harold R. Chamorro, Vijay K. Sood · 6 authors
Power grids all over the world are transitioning towards a decentralized structure. Under such a transition, blockchain technology is emerging as a potential solution for technical, deployment and decentralization issues, given its security, integrity, decentralized nature and required infrastructure. Moreover, blockchain technology offers excellent features like non-repudiation and immutability which makes it a promising application for DER integration and management on reliability factors. In this paper, a comprehensive review of blockchain applications for DER management and integration is presented. First, a blockchain-based literature review of research activities in the DER integration area and related tasks including entrepreneurial efforts is carried out. Next, the different opportunities and challenges of DER integration and management in power grids, i.e., centralization, regulatory support, development costs are discussed. Finally, some key research challenges and opportunities of including blockchain technology to DER integration and management issues are presented.
Yingming Zeng, Liyu Deng, Haibin Zhang
No abstract is available for this record.
Rohit Chandra, K. R. Krishnanand, Sanjib Kumar Panda
No abstract is available for this record.
Doron Drusinsky
A well-known fact is that Bitcoin’s blockchain maintenance using proof-of-work mining consumes a lot of energy. This article explains how this energy expense is inherent to Bitcoin’s design whose purpose is to induce a truly distributed peer-to-peer currency ledger (the blockchain) that is nevertheless trustable.