BACKGROUND: Blockchain technology is a part of Industry 4.0's new Internet of Things applications: decentralized systems, distributed ledgers, and immutable and cryptographically secure technology. This technology entails a series of transaction lists with identical copies shared and retained by different groups or parties. One field where blockchain technology has tremendous potential is health care, due to the more patient-centric approach to the health care system as well as blockchain's ability to connect disparate systems and increase the accuracy of electronic health records. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review studies on the use of blockchain technology in health care and to analyze the characteristics of the studies that have implemented blockchain technology. METHODS: This study used a systematic review methodology to find literature related to the implementation aspect of blockchain technology in health care. Relevant papers were searched for using PubMed, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. A quality assessment of literature was performed on the 22 selected papers by assessing their trustworthiness and relevance. RESULTS: After full screening, 22 papers were included. A table of evidence was constructed, and the results of the selected papers were interpreted. The results of scoring for measuring the quality of the publications were obtained and interpreted. Out of 22 papers, a total of 3 (14%) high-quality papers, 9 (41%) moderate-quality papers, and 10 (45%) low-quality papers were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Blockchain technology was found to be useful in real health care environments, including for the management of electronic medical records, biomedical research and education, remote patient monitoring, pharmaceutical supply chains, health insurance claims, health data analytics, and other potential areas. The main reasons for the implementation of blockchain technology in the health care sector were identified as data integrity, access control, data logging, data versioning, and nonrepudiation. The findings could help the scientific community to understand the implementation aspect of blockchain technology. The results from this study help in recognizing the accessibility and use of blockchain technology in the health care sector.
Due to the high amount of electronic health records, hospitals have prioritized data protection. Because it uses parallel computing and is distributed, the security of the cloud cannot be guaranteed. Because of the large number of e-health records, hospitals have made data security a major concern. The cloud's security cannot be guaranteed because it uses parallel processing and is distributed. The blockchain (BC) has been deployed in the cloud to preserve and secure medical data because it is particularly prone to security breaches and attacks such as forgery, manipulation, and privacy leaks. An overview of blockchain (BC) technology in cloud storage to improve healthcare system security can be obtained by reading this paper. First, we will look at the benefits and drawbacks of using a basic cloud storage system. After that, a brief overview of blockchain cloud storage technology will be offered. Many researches have focused on using blockchain technology in healthcare systems as a possible solution to the security concerns in healthcare, resulting in tighter and more advanced security requirements being provided. This survey could lead to a blockchain-based solution for the protection of cloud-outsourced healthcare data. Evaluation and comparison of the simulation tests of the offered blockchain technology-focused studies can demonstrate integrity verification with cloud storage and medical data, data interchange with reduced computational complexity, security, and privacy protection. Because of blockchain and IT, business warfare has emerged, and governments in the Middle East have embraced it. Thus, this research focused on the qualities that influence customers' interest in and approval of blockchain technology in cloud storage for healthcare system security and the aspects that increase people's knowledge of blockchain. One way to better understand how people feel about learning how to use blockchain technology in healthcare is through the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A snowball sampling method was used to select respondents in an online poll to gather data about blockchain technology in Middle Eastern poor countries. A total of 443 randomly selected responses were tested using SPSS. Blockchain adoption has been shown to be influenced by anticipation, effort expectancy, social influence (SI), facilitation factors, personal innovativeness (PInn), and a perception of security risk (PSR). Blockchain adoption and acceptance were found to be influenced by anticipation, effort expectancy, social influence (SI), facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness (PInn), and perceived security risk (PSR) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as providing an overview of current trends in the field and issues pertaining to significance and compatibility.
In the last few years, machine learning (ML) and blockchain are the most prominent innovations. Blockchain’s potential has been widely explored in literature and media, especially in finance and payment industries. Data confidentiality and privacy are prioritized in blockchain’s decentralized database. However, this procedure is time consuming and inconvenient, which is one of the explanations why blockchain technology has yet to gain widespread acceptance. To solve the invalid dataset, we used integrated blockchain and ML approaches to secure system transactions and manage a dataset. Mostly, blockchain can greatly facilitate the exchange of training data and ML models, as well as decentralized information, stability, anonymity, and trustworthy ML decision making. We study the literature on integrating blockchain and ML systems in this paper and show how they can work together efficiently and effectively. We will go through the problems that each industry faces when it comes to implementing blockchain. We present a systematic report on ML and blockchain-based smart Industry 4.0 applications more robust to attacks in this article. Finally, we suggest some potential research avenues and anticipate further studies into the deeper convergence of the two promising technologies. We hope that our results will help decision-makers embrace blockchain technology and invest in Industry 4.0 by empowering and promoting research in this field.
With a Fourth Industrial Revolution making inroads, encompassing all sectors of the industry with numerous concepts of disruptive technology such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics and 3D Printing we have barely scratched the surface of its Scope, Implication, and Applications in various branches of the Construction Industry. This research aims to investigate the potential of Blockchain technology in the context of Smart Contracts and Supply chain management (SCM) applications in the construction sector. Most of the time, cost overruns have been attributed to the sluggish pace of contractual impediments or inefficacy of material and machinery procurement processes. The executive of material and data stream is a crucial need for development organizations. Effective execution in these regions can give significant benefits and permit more main incentives for customers. The industry is regularly censured for being delayed to grasp the change it needs and at the exact moment has been referred to as ready for the interruption because of the intricacy of work and a sheer number of guidelines and gauges, trust and check issues in regards to consistency to work principles still loom to a great extent. The momentum built by BIM infusion in the industry could be leveraged to bring Blockchain technology to the fore to mitigate Information Asymmetry by -distributing information to generate decentralized consensus building among various stakeholders involved.
Purpose With the time and increase in usage of information technology (IT), blockchain technology is gaining immense attention from researchers, academicians, and practitioners because of its distinctive features such as transference, security and data reliability. The purpose of this study is to endow with a systematic review of literature on blockchain in context to the government education sector in terms of its usage, benefits, obstacles and practical implementation in future areas in education. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a bibliometric visualization tool to classify data in yearly publications, highly cited journals, prominent authors, leading publications in countries and institutions and highly cited papers – the data was extracted from the SCOPUS database by using relevant keywords. Thus, the following research questions were developed: How has blockchain technology been used in the government educational sector? What are the benefits examined in the field of education? What were the problems/obstacles faced using the technology in a government education structure? Findings The findings identify and provide a comprehensive review of the technique regarding the present research stream in terms of highest publication, author, journal, subject-wise and relevance of the technology in government education structure. Thus, the future research potential of the technology in the education sector is much more as it is in the initiation stage. A lot of opportunities and benefits need to be extracted at large. Research limitations/implications The present findings of the study provide a base work for government education institutions, policy developers and researchers to investigate other areas where the technology can be implemented. Finally, more technology applications will develop strategies for proper data management and cost-effective decisions. Originality/value This study explains the relevance of technology in education through bibliometric visualization. The study adopted the review and significance of blockchain technology in the government education sector by identifying its benefits, current scenario, application and future research potential areas.
Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However, the adoption of cryptocurrency remains low among stakeholders, including e-retailers. Thus, the current work explores the intentions of e-retailers in the Asia and Pacific region to adopt cryptocurrencies. This study considers the TAM-based SOR, with a combination of non-cognitive attributes (compatibility and convenience) proposed as stimuli for e-retailers to adopt the examined cryptocurrencies. The findings indicate that the proposed non-cognitive attributes are critical in determining e-retailers’ technostress (emotional state). Moreover, it was found that technostress among e-retailers profoundly impacts their intentions to adopt cryptocurrency in business settings. Meanwhile, regulatory support communication can be used to help regulatory bodies and governing institutions control the future economy worldwide. The proposed study offers significant theoretical and practical contributions through its investigation of e-retailers’ intentions to adopt cryptocurrency for the first time in the particular context of technostress and regulatory support.
Arghavan Akbarieh, William Carbone, Markus Schäfer, Danièle Waldmann · 5 authors
As the global economy moves towards a sustainable and circular trajectory, the immense role of the construction industry is becoming increasingly apparent as one of the most waste-intensive sectors. Urban mining and subsequent material reuse or recycling are the recommended remedies to lower resource extraction and waste generation in the upcoming decades.This article looks at the recycling practices and offers a solution to revalorise construction recyclables, regulate the isolated recycling activities and incentivise construction material manufacturers to take responsibility for recycling their own products after their lifecycle is over. Consequently, the future volumes of recyclables will become calculable and transparent, which balances the supply and demand of secondary materials. To this end, this study goes beyond manufacturing traceability and investigates manufacturer traceability. Material banks, Building Information Models, blockchain technology and smart contracts are used to conceptualise a novel business model for highly recyclable construction materials. On the one hand, the value of recyclables is captured through salvage value based on accounting methods. Smart contracts administer the physical material transfer for recycling while automating the monetary value transactions between stakeholders. On the other hand, a financial instrument is proposed to link the on-chain captured value to the off-chain financial practices through the Recycling Requirement Rights. The right holders are responsible for recycling; they could be the material manufacturers or not. The discussions on the threats and opportunities as well as weaknesses and strengths of the proposed framework together with its potential to integrate with existing solutions conclude this study.
Abstract Decision-making is a prolific research area in the internet era, which has propelled globalization and the virtual elimination of many country border barriers. However, effective decision-making in the shipping industry is a time consuming and often complicated process. Digital evolution has provided new innovative organizational operation methods. Blockchain technology—a basic component of the Fourth Industrial Revolution—is one such innovation that promises to alter the process of decision-making. However, only a few academic studies have explored the decision-making aspect of blockchain technology. Moreover, there is a dearth of comprehensive research on how blockchain affects decisions in the shipping industry. This study explored how this novice technology can address issues, such as vast documentation and information asymmetry in the shipping industry. Specifically, grounded theory was used to qualitatively investigate extant practices and examine the potential impact of blockchain technology on decision-making in the shipping industry and the potential of using blockchain technology to emancipate decision-making. The study results indicate that the instant and reliable data-sharing capability of blockchain can significantly impact the shipping industry, while transforming its decision-making processes.
The supply chain is the fastest growing sector of business technology. As it grows day by day, the difficulty of handling vast amount of transaction records thus increases. To effectively manage the supply chain, the participants in the system need to record the price, quantity, location, date, and other pertinent details. In addition to that the asymmetric information transfer in the production process, limitations of the quality monitoring, losses from the counterfeit market and the self-interests of supply chain participants are the major challenges affecting the supply chain management system. Even a small change in the production process can have an enormous smash on the financial growth, trust of the supply chain system. This survey aims to study how blockchain technology helps supply chain networks to overcome these challenges. This survey discusses the current status of blockchain technology and its potential benefits. This survey also discusses various implementations on blockchain-based supply chain networks and how those implementation frameworks solve the challenges in the traditional supply chain system.
Cognitive learning is progressively prospering in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). With the advancement in IoT, data generation rate has also increased, whereas issues like performance, attacks on the data, security of the data, and inadequate data resources are yet to be resolved. Recent studies are mostly focusing on the security of the data which can be handled by blockchain. Blockchain technology records the learned data into the block which is generated after completing proper consensus mechanism. In this paper, Hetero Federated Learning approach is used to apply cognitive learning on data produced by Internet of Thing devices. Security on cognitiveIoT data is provided by blockchain using Proof of Work consensus mechanism. By applying blockchain over heteroFL approach, we have conducted various simulations to check the performance of our proposed framework. Parameters taken into consideration during performance evaluation are effect of number of blocks on memory utilization and impact of data sample size on accuracy according to different learning rates.
This study examined the relationship among blockchain technology utilization, information sharing, supply chain flexibility, and competitive advantage in UAE financial institutions. For this purpose, a theoretical framework was examined regarding the relationship among blockchain technology utilization, information sharing, supply chain flexibility, and competitive advantage. Additionally, mediating effect of supply chain flexibility was also examined. This research is cross-sectional by design. The respondents collected the data in the form of questionnaires. The response rate of this study was 63.03%. The data collected was examined by Smart PLS. The study's findings confirm that supply chain flexibility is affected by blockchain technology and information technology, which affects the financial institutes' competitive advantage. The implications of these findings cannot be neglected in the financial industry.
Based on the case analysis of recent accounting scandal of Luckin Coffee, the paper studies whether and how the blockchain technology would help to prevent and detect accounting fraud, using the fraud triangle model. I find that the three characteristics of the blockchain technology would help to break the fraud triangle. First, the decentralization (rather than centralized authorization) will largely increase the fraud cost, discouraging fraudulent behavior in financial reporting. Second, the append-only linear form of transactional data (rather than relational database) enhances the tracking of tokenized assets, making the data much more difficult to be modified than the data in a traditional relational database with many data operation possibilities. Third, with smart-contracts serving as automatic controls, the blockchain removes the human factor, thus enhancing the control environment. My findings shed light on how blockchain, as one of the most disruptive and promising emerging technologies, will significantly cause landscape changes in the accounting and auditing fields.
Marinela Mircea, Marian Stoica, Bogdan Ghilic-Micu
Most countries in the world are currently faced with a series of public procurement challenges. Moreover, the large volumes of public procurement and the impact it may have of the global economy, the environment and the society at large justify a research study aimed at achieving sustainable and smart procurement. Smart public procurement intensively relies on emerging technologies and it is both an international priority and a challenge to achieve it. This paper is aimed at addressing such procurement-specific challenges. This study reflects the current status and the trends in public procurement, as well as the manner in which Blockchain and the Internet of Things (BIoT) may lead to a beneficial change in the field. In order to analyse the impact of BIoT, we are putting forward an assessment model comprising the definition and the description of six hypotheses. They are validated both by reference to the current knowledge status and via the analysis of the data collected in a survey which was conducted in Romania. It was aimed at collecting and analysing the data from the main stakeholders as well as at formulating recommendations/actions related to the modernisation of the current system. The study uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to validate the proposed model and to establish the relationships between the adoption of BIoT and smart, sustainable and transparent public procurement. At the same time, we analyse the links between the adoption of BIoT and aspects such as corruption and fraud, the challenges related to technological integration and the need to reengineer organisations, as well as national and international policies. Following our analyses, there emerged that BIoT adoption has a positive impact on the achievement of sustainable public procurement processes (the highest effect), on transparency and the trust in public procurement, on reducing corruption and fraud in public procurement and on the achievement of smart public procurement. The paper provides theoretical and practical contributions that should support solutions to the current major challenges and represent a vehicle for innovation and sustainable development alike.
Blockchain has aroused widespread interest in many fields.As a distributed digital ledger, blockchain has transparency, traceability, and irreversibility in recording transaction information, and has been welcomed by many industries and investors.This paper aims to discuss two main applications of blockchain: in supply chain management and reducing transaction costs in the financial field.By analyzing relevant cases and data, this paper discusses the significant impact of blockchain technology in these two fields.Potential risks of adaptation are also considered.Blockchain can enhance the traceability and efficiency of supply chain management and avoid losses caused by fraud and transaction costs in the financial field.As blockchain has not been widely used, its technical cost and use standard setting deserve attention.Considering the risks of adoption, it is very important to set standards for the scope of participants and the type of blockchain to ensure security before applying blockchain to specific fields.
Donghee Shin, Nikolaos Stylos, Mian Muhammad Asim, Yong‐Jin Park · 5 authors
Blockchain is emerging as a powerful technological force that promises to change society's status quo. The UAE has taken a proactive approach to blockchain innovation and development. With the framing of blockchain as a sociotechnical system, blockchain initiatives in the UAE are critically examined in terms of prospects, challenges, and implications for future digital societies. Blockchain developmental trajectories are analysed from a sociotechnical lens, i.e., societal, technological, industrial, and economic trends that characterise the interfaces and interaction among people, organisations, technology, and society, eliciting underlying potential influences of cultural, ethical, and legal rhetoric. Despite strong initiatives, a series of challenges, such as trust, privacy, and transparency, has emerged as blockchain begins to develop its full potential. With these issues, sociotechnical concerns have increased regarding how to respond to the possible consequences that such a policy choice would entail, how to govern blockchains, and how to create a sustainable blockchain ecosystem. The socio-political ramifications of UAE blockchains are critically assessed to establish key features and conceptualise issues to unlock opportunities to guarantee a sociotechnical approach to blockchains.
Blockchain technology has transformed digital transactions into decentralized, transparent, and immutable systems. Smart contracts running on platforms like Ethereum enable automated agreements without intermediaries, but they remain vulnerable to logical errors and security risks that can lead to financial losses. This paper presents a systematic study on AI-based smart contract analysis, using machine learning and deep learning to detect vulnerabilities, anomalies, and potential risks. It proposes a hybrid model combining static analysis (code-level error detection), dynamic analysis (runtime monitoring), and supervised/unsupervised learning techniques. Feature extraction methods convert contract code into formats suitable for AI processing. The approach integrates rule-based systems with AI models to improve detection accuracy and reduce false positives. Evaluation on benchmark datasets shows better performance than traditional methods. The study highlights the effectiveness of AI in enhancing smart contract security and suggests future work on explainable AI, real-time monitoring, and cross-platform interoperability.
Ahmad Mousa Altamimi, Mahmood Ghaleb Al-Bashayreh, Mohammad Aloudat, Dmaithan Almajali
Sustainable Learning and Education (SLE) is a recent emerging philosophy founded on sustainability principles and in response to the UN announced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore, technologies should be implemented to empower educational institutions to achieve SLE. This study aims to investigate the factors impacting the intentions of using blockchain technology for SLE in Jordanian universities. Accordingly, an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is proposed where five more factors are integrated. To this end, an extended model was proposed and validated using structural equation modeling based on 407 responses collected using an online survey. The results showed that adopted factors significantly impact blockchain use in SLE. We believe that the study finding would assist decision-makers in building systems for sustainable learning and education for the Jordanian higher educational institutes.