Blockchain Papers

Chantique Putri Alessandra Talakua, Muhammad Azhari

Cardano becomes the first cryptocurrency designed and built on scientific philosophy and academic research reviewed by peers. Market participants can assess the potential of Cardano to use it for cryptocurrency investment alternative which can be done through comparing Cardano with traditional financial asset particularly stock and gold. Purpose of the research is to know the difference between Cardano performance to stock and gold. This research used quantitative methods with a comparative and descriptive approach. Performance of each asset measured by Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen indexes from October 2017 to April 2019. Result of the research is Cardano shows good performance in comparison to other assets. It concluded that Cardano shows a significant difference in performance with LQ45 index using Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen indices. While Cardano in comparison to ANTAM gold shows that there is a significant difference in performance using the Sharpe index but no significant difference using Treynor and Jensen indeces. Keywords: cryptocurrency; Cardano; portfolio performance; Sharpe index; Treynor index; Jensen Index DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-16-10 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Yiran Wang, Dae‐Kyoo Kim, Dongwon Jeong

No abstract is available for this record.

Naseem Naqvi

Evidence-based applications of resources remain one of the greatest challenges faced by governments, businesses, and policymakers. The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) evaluated ten large programs, which together cost more than $10 billion/year, through randomised control trials – the highest standard of evidence-based practice (EBP). The evaluation found that nine of them had ‘weak or no positive effects’ on their participants. Many programs were not evaluated at all. In January 2019, U.S. President signed the ‘Foundations for Evidence-based Policy Making Act’ into law. A USAID (US Agency for International Development) study looked at 43 blockchain projects and companies claiming to have solved various problems using distributed ledgers. The study found that almost no company was willing to share their results and MERL (monitoring, evaluation, research and learning) processes. Other observational data revealed that 80–90% of blockchain-based token offering projects failed to deliver on their promises, a prediction also made by Vitalik Buterin, the founder of Ethereum blockchain, in 2017. The concept of evidence-based blockchain (EBB) was first introduced by Naqvi in 2018. We conducted an evaluation of 517 blockchain firms against PCIO framework of evidence-based practice: Problem – Comparison – Intervention and Outcomes. We define the fundamentals of EBB (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess), provide a review of the literature on EBB, report findings of our study and propose an Assessment Framework of Evidence Based Blockchain.

Jun‐Ho Huh, Seong-Kyu Kim

Blockchain and artificial intelligence are the most important keywords in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study sought to apply these core technologies to future validated algorithms that make real estate transactions secure to come up with an encryption algorithm. In addition, the real estate transaction is being paid a large fee by the middlemen, the real estate agent. Furthermore and recently, P2P (peer-to-peer) real estate exchange is used a lot. However, these P2P real estate exchanges also have problems that have not been identified by each other between landlords and tenants. In particular, a research model was established to compare and verify the PBFT (practical Byzantine fault tolerance) algorithm of Hyperledger through the blockchain agreement process. Subsequently, a process for verifying the real estate contract was established. Through VM (virtual machine) research methodology for the verification of blockchain real estate contracts, ElGamal communication was provided to prove quantum cryptography. We also automated lightweight encryption test verification tools and blockchain smart contract VM (virtual machine) models using artificial intelligence. Verification was performed through a reservation server and a monitoring server using a test verification tool for network-based lightweight security IoT (Internet of things) GW (gateway). It presents important ECP (elastic curve program) and elastic curve Qu-Vanstone (ECQV) models among the main functions of the blockchain smart contract, and it is equipped with quantum-based encryption algorithm. In addition, the necessary UML (unified modeling language) source code and performance data were calculated according to the actual experimental environment, and the average value for blockchain for administrative or government authorized assets—4000 TPS (transaction per second) were tested. In the future, we want to use this technology for real estate transactions.

Jay young Chung, Chang Suck Lee

경제와 사회 등 모든 분야에서 큰 변화와 혁신을 일으킬 것이라고 예상되고 있는 블록체인 기술은 다양한 산업분야에서 상용화를 위해 연구 중에 있다. 이런 배경에서 부동산서비스 분야에서도 실험환경을 구축하여 하이퍼레저 패브릭 블록체인 기술을 이용한 부동산거래 모델시스템을 만들고, 부동산 매매와 임대차 거래에서의 적용가능성을 연구하였다. 부동산거래에 블록체인 기반의 부동산거래 모델시스템을 적용할 때, 첫째, 분산원장에 기록을 분산하여 저장하고 체인코드(스마트 컨트랙트)에 의한 처리로 부동산거래에서 채무불이행이 없어 거래의 안전성이 있다. 둘째, 하나의 채널로 각 관련 참여기관들을 묶어서 병렬처리 함으로써 경제적비용과 사회적비용을 줄여 경제성이 있다. 셋째, 거래가 투명하여 투명･보안성이 있고, 개인정보 보호와 프라이버시가 보장된다. 넷째, 부동산거래통합서비스를 one-stop방식으로 병렬 동시진행 함으로써 신속･효율성이 있다. 하이퍼레저 패브릭을 적용한 모델시스템을 이용해서 부동산거래를 할 때 현행 부동산 거래제도 보다 많은 점에서 우월하므로, 모델시스템 방식을 부동산거래에 적용할 가능성과 필요성이 있다.1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study is to examine the applicability of the model system and help to provide one-stop real estate transaction service by creating a blockchain-based real estate transaction system model. (2) RESEARCH METHOD By creating an experimental environment, we build a model system of real estate sales and lease transactions using Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology and analyze the application effects. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS As a result of using the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain-based model system, the safety, economics, transparent security, and rapid efficiency of real estate transactions are much better than the current real estate transaction system. 2. RESULTS When the model system is applied to real estate transactions, first, there is no default and it is safe to be distributed and stored in distributed ledger. Second, by combining each institution into one channel and parallelizing them with chaincode, it is economical by reducing economic and social costs, both personally and nationally. Third, privacy is guaranteed and transactions are transparent. Fourth, transaction processing is quick and efficient with one-stop parallel simultaneous progression.

Jasvant Mandloi, Pratosh Bansal

No abstract is available for this record.

A. Kotishwar

Blockchain technology is emerging strong in many areas and is playing a major role in financial transactions, mainly in the banking domain. The study was conducted using primary data by considering the convenient sampling method. The study examined the perceptions on the usage of blockchain technology's implementation with the help of statistical method of discriminant analysis and the results revealed that the perception was higher in case of the attributes such as mitigation of transaction costs and highly secured. The SEM model indicated that smart contracts had a higher impact on the efficiency of financial transactions followed by digital currency. This paper will be useful to the various financial institution regulators, stakeholders, and academicians.

Ashwini Bacholkar, Vaibhavi Shinde, Komal Sonawane, Rohit Jagtap · 5 authors

Blockchain is a developing innovation that can possibly reform the worldwide business and make a confided in relationship in a multi-party business organize. Square chain is one of the steadiest open records that jelly exchange data, and is hard to produce. Since, the data put away in square chain is not identified with by and by recognizable data, it has the attributes of namelessness. There are various reasonable use situations where blockchain has been applied. All through the instructive course, students get different sort of execution certificates, score transcripts, marksheets and so on which can turn into a critical ascribe for having admissions to new schools or new works. Because of hostile to manufacture mechanism, its simple to make fraud documents. So, as to take care of the issue of falsifying testaments, the advanced authentication framework dependent on blockchain innovation would be proposed. By the unmodifiable property of blockchain, the computerized authentication with hostile to fake and unquestionable status could be made. Through the unmodifiable properties of the blockchain, the framework not just improves the believability of different paper-based endorsements, yet additionally electronically decreases the misfortune dangers of different sorts of authentications.

Panagiotis Pintelas, Theodore Kotsilieris, Ioannis E. Livieris, Emmanuel Pintelas · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Yuwen Chen

Currently, with the increasing scale of the enterprise, a common tendency is that more convenient and intelligent management system is demanded for high security and maximum transparency. One feasible option is via blockchain, which acts as a transparent ledger. This paper is based on a successful project, which primarily aims at the development of smart contracts used for car insurance application. According to this result, the potential benefit of utilizing blockchain in commercial area can be demonstrated, meanwhile, a possible scheme in enterprise management could be inspired. This management model would replace manual operation, for instance, salary distribution, with smart contracts, which could satisfy both security and intelligence demand. This paper will briefly descript the blockchain project mentioned above and raise original method and conception concerning with blockchain based on existed management issues, as well as advantages and disadvantages.

Asra Fatima, Azra Fatima

No abstract is available for this record.

Muhammad Nauman Shahid

Given the increasing interest in blockchain technology, we present a large-scale cross-disciplinary literature analysis of research on the blockchain using topic modelling with the goal of identifying the major research trends, research methodologies, and fruitful areas for further research. In particular, the analysis focuses on abstracting out research trends from relevant terms and topics related to the research disciplines of Business, Computer Science, Economics, Social Sciences, Engineering, Healthcare, and Law. A total of 2,125 articles published between 2008 to up until early 2019 in academic journals and conferences were analyzed. Results of our analysis reveal that research is bipartite between practical and research domains, with academic research on blockchain not clearly aligning with organizational and social benefits. Also, we found – 1) few inter-disciplinary publications, and 2) a small number of studies that use surveys, experiments, and case studies as their research method. Our findings also reveal that research on Blockchain in the social sciences and law is still in the embryonic stage, thus making it essential to develop more direct research efforts for Blockchain to thrive in all research disciplines.

Yun-seok Choi, Wan Yeon Lee

No abstract is available for this record.

Lukas Christopher Eikeri, Sebastian Andresen Amundsen

Utilizing the generalized spillover index developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009,\n2012), we investigate the volatility connectedness between an index consisting of\nnine selected cryptocurrencies, S&P 500, Gold, and Copper. Furthermore, we\nstudy the connectedness and volatility spillover within the nine cryptocurrencies\nin the perspective of the categorization of the cryptocurrency market developed by\nCorbet et al. (2020b). To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the\nconnectedness between these categories. Lastly, we analyze the initial effect of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic by using an extended set of data to June 2020 on the\nconnectedness within the cryptocurrency market. We also test the connectedness\nbetween the cryptocurrency market, S&P 500, and Gold during the same period.\nWe find that the cryptocurrency market has a weak connectedness with other\nfinancial markets, indicating that most of the volatility comes from within the\ncryptocurrency market. When studying the volatility spillover within the\ncryptocurrency market, in the perspective of categorizations, our results show that\nmost of the volatility is within the respective categories. Adding to this, there are\nsome key differences in the relationship of the categories. Finally, the COVID-19\npandemic increased the volatility and the spillovers across all markets. However,\nthe effects do not affect the results for the cryptocurrencies substantially.

Eleonora Stancheva-Todorova

Ethical behavior is a key factor for accountants to win the trust of their stakeholders in the digital age. Many ethical dilemmas are now under consideration and profession is more than concerned about the enhanced risks of ethical compromises. This paper is aiming to discuss the relevance of the fundamental ethics principles for professional accountants in a technology-led digital age. These five principles are: integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behavior. Artificial intelligence and big data analytics that are currently changing work environment of the accounting profession are analyzed in this context. Cybersecurity, platform based business models and distributed ledger technology are also considered as ethical challenges in the light of exponentially growing digitalization of economy.

Aaron M. French, Marten Risius, Jaeruen Shim

The three cutting-edge technologies virtual reality, blockchain, and 5G have increasingly attracted public attention. While virtual reality became a popular concept in the 1990s, recent technological advances and decreased costs have created a resurgence in the technology. With significant funding and early adoption, blockchain and 5G have begun to make their mark on the world. Each technology alone may disrupt business and society, but, together, they provide multiple opportunities. In this paper, we summarize a 2018 Association for Information Systems Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) panel session with IS researchers and industry practitioners that tackled important topics related to these technologies. In particular, the panel made the case for IS research that focuses on topics that emerge when these technologies intersect. Each panelist presented their perspectives based on their experience and knowledge along with current issues and future directions. This topic has significant business implications as practitioners continue to note their advancements and develop strategies to adapt in a rapidly changing environment. The topic also has implications for future research as these technologies continue to become more prevalent.

Zhen Ge, Caixia Zhou

No abstract is available for this record.

Giorgio Remotti

No abstract is available for this record.

Roberto Moro Visconti

No abstract is available for this record.

Abubakar Mohammed, Vidyasagar Potdar, Li Yang

No abstract is available for this record.

Devesh Chandra, Pranav Tyagi, Radhe Shyam Gupta, Aayush Mohan Saxena · 5 authors

  The application of machine learning algorithms in predicting cryptocurrency prices has gained significant attention in recent years. Researchers have explored various approaches such as recurrent neural networks, deep learning neural networks, Bayesian regression, k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and other algorithms to forecast the prices of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin and Litecoin. This paper will draw on established literature on price prediction using machine learning, including studies on NFT sales predictability, NFT sale price fluctuations prediction, gold price prediction, and silver price forecasting. The research paper has focused on utilizing high-dimensional features, time-series analysis, as well as the comparison of different statistical models and machine learning algorithms. Additionally, the prediction models have incorporated factors such as market liquidity, exchange market dynamics. While the literature acknowledges the potential of machine learning in cryptocurrency price prediction, gold, silver and NFT’s there is a recognized gap in the application of these techniques across a broader range of cryptocurrencies. The proposed methodology will integrate various machine learning models and statistical methods to predict the prices of cryptocurrencies, gold, silver, and NFTs, taking into account factors such as market trends, trade networks and visual features. Furthermore, the studies emphasize the importance of feature engineering, sample dimension engineering, and the use of various machine learning techniques to enhance the accuracy and stability of cryptocurrency price predictions. As the cryptocurrency market continues to expand, there is a need for further research to develop robust machine learning models that can effectively forecast the prices of diverse cryptocurrencies, contributing to the advancement of this field.

Artur Meynkhard

No abstract is available for this record.

Burcu Kapar, José Olmo

Abstract This paper proposes an empirical model for analysing the dynamics of Bitcoin prices. To do this, we consider a vector error correction model over two overlapping periods: 2010–17 and 2010–19. Price discovery is achieved through the Gonzalo–Granger permanent‐transitory decomposition. The pricing factors are endogenous linear combinations of the S&P 500 index, gold price, a Google search variable associated to Bitcoin and a fear index proxied by the FED Financial Stress Index. Our empirical analysis shows that during the first period, a linear combination of four pricing factors describes the efficient Bitcoin price. The S&P 500 index and Google searches have a positive effect whereas gold prices and the fear index have a negative effect. In contrast, during the second period, the efficient price behaves idiosyncratically and can be only rationalised by individuals' search for information on the cryptocurrency. These findings provide empirical evidence on the presence of a correction in Bitcoin prices during the period 2018–19 uncorrelated to market fundamentals. We also show that standard empirical asset pricing models perform poorly for explaining Bitcoin prices.

Tiantian Yu

Focusing on accounting information quality optimization of the listed company, this paper proposes a blockchain-based accounting process to optimize accounting information quality. It will effectively reduce the accounting fraud behavior and seriously affected the process of value discovery, which will enhance securities market effectiveness. The blockchain-based accounting process involves four parts: (a) confirmation of accounting information; (b) measurement of accounting information; (c) recording of accounting information; (d) reporting of accounting information. The blockchain-based accounting process makes it possible to automate all the transaction by smart contracts. The cryptographic algorithms guarantee the security of the transaction data.  The new accounting method attempts to record the accounting information of the listed company by distributed ledger technology. Consensus mechanism verifies the validity of accounting process. Finally, this paper uses EVA to evaluate the performance of the listed company after adopting blockchain-based accounting process. Hence, the blockchain-based accounting process can avoid accounting fraud, which will protect investors from financial fraud and ensure the effectiveness of the security markets.