The utilization of electronic voting systems for the election of public offices is becoming widespread globally. This trend can be attributed to the benefits provided by these systems, including remote voting capabilities and accelerated vote counting. Furthermore, electronic voting systems offer improved privacy and enhanced protection against voting bias. Blockchain technology enhances the robustness of the voting process through its immutable vote storage mechanism, thereby reducing the threat of vote tampering and safeguarding the legitimacy of elections. This technology has been adopted by countries such as Germany, Russia, Estonia, and Switzerland for use in their e-voting systems. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the blockchain-based e-voting systems currently being implemented by various countries and companies and proposed for academic research. Additionally, this study analyzes the challenges faced by blockchain e-voting systems and identifies areas for future research to enhance the trustworthiness of such systems.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Modern legal proceedings heavily rely on digital evidence as a basis for decisions in a variety of contexts, including criminal investigations and civil lawsuits. However, factors like data alteration, unauthorised access, or flaws in centralised storage can threaten the security and integrity of digital evidence. We suggest a decentralised methodology for using smart contracts to safeguard digital evidence in order to overcome these issues. The decentralised model makes use of smart contracts and blockchain technology to guarantee the integrity, transparency, and immutability of digital evidence. The approach does not require a centralised authority because it makes use of a distributed ledger, which lowers the possibility of data loss or manipulation. Multiple parties participating in the evidence lifecycle can build confidence and accountability thanks to smart contracts’ programmable rules and automated enforcement mechanisms. In our study, we show the decentralised model’s architecture and describe its essential elements, such as the blockchain network, smart contracts, and decentralised storage. We go over the advantages of employing this architecture, including enhanced auditability, decreased dependency on centralised institutions, and increased data security. Additionally, we discuss potential difficulties and constraints, like scalability and interoperability. We run a few simulations and experiments to test the suggested model’s viability and effectiveness while comparing it to conventional centralised methods. The outcomes show that our decentralised paradigm offers improved security for digital evidence, guaranteeing its reliability, usability, and tamper-proofness. We also go through how the model is used in actual legal systems, law enforcement organisations, and digital forensics investigations.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain may be an optimal solution when a detailed and transparent record of assets is necessary. It is imperative to manage and safeguard digital interactions or maintain a decentralized and shared system of records in applications, such as those used for electricity production, transmission, distribution, and consumption and those used for data sharing and secure payments. Such applications can benefit from blockchain technology to resolve these problems. In the proposed blockchain-based consumer electronics data sharing and safe payment framework, an innovative IoT meter detects monthly consumption and transmits the data to a decentralized application that is stored in the blockchain. This decentralized platform will generate the bill and provide incentives for legitimate consumers. Finally, the end-to-end latency and throughput were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Due to the immutability of blockchain, many applications are emerging by providing trust to the trustless Internet. However, immutability becomes a weakness in some applications that require modification and deletion, such as personal information and SNS(Social Network Service), and cannot use blockchain technology. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a redactable blockchain scheme that can be used universally regardless of the consensus algorithms and blockchain types. In addition, without using a heavy cryptographic algorithm, and needing to re-mine, the proposed scheme can delete and modify content in the ledger, so it is efficient. Moreover, the proposed scheme can modify and delete at the transaction level. Additionally, the proposed scheme supports encryption for protecting the privacy and there is no need to save the original content after modification or deletion.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Caching and Content Delivery
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Transaction records and other user information are stored in blocks that form a distributed ledger called blockchain. For blockchain to gain widespread adoption, it is crucial that user and transaction data be kept safe. This technology provides cryptographically safe and anonymous financial transactions among the user nodes of the network allowing the transactions to be evaluated and authorized by all the users in a transparent environment. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview and classification scheme for all cryptographic ideas currently used in blockchain. Moreover, the current security issues of blockchain are shown, and a future research objective is predicted.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
E H Khan, Md. Hinoy Rahman, Shobnom Mustary, Iyolita Islam · 5 authors
Blockchain is a distributed ledger shared among the participants ensuring transparent and secured transactions over the network. Existing voting systems for selecting eligible candidates may be unable to maintain transparency, privacy, and security. A blockchain-based voting system can resolve these issues through decentralized nodes and end-to-end verification advantages. Thus, integrating blockchain into the traditional voting system may provide a more reliable and secure electronic voting procedure. This research aims to propose an alternative solution to the conventional voting system named ‘BE-Voting’ using blockchain technology in the context of Bangladesh that will preserve the integrity of the votes with distributed, non-repudiation, and security protection characteristics. A prototype of the proposed system was developed and evaluated regarding data analysis and comparison with existing systems.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Cloud computing has become an essential technology for delivering infrastructure and data service needs with lower cost, low effort and high scalability, hence it is increasingly implemented in all aspects of the IT industry. Despite the quick adoption of cloud computing, the problem of information security is still not fully resolved. Information security issues are still hampering the evolution of cloud computing to some extent and need to be addressed. Blockchain is one of the decentralized processes in a worldview that works with parallel and distributed ledger technology, the application process, and service-oriented design. However, the primary security issue is key leakage and third parties easily hack the secured information. To address this issues, in this novel presents Blockchain based Proof of staking with Elliptic Curve Encryption (BPECE) algorithm is used to secure data transmission in the cloud. This proposed method efficiently checks each node verification using Policy based Key Authentication (PBKA) algorithm. The proposed technique generates public key for each document. Thus the proposed method gives better security performance than previous methods.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cloud Data Security Solutions
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is on-demand research area, generally utilized in most of medical applications. Security is a challenging problem in decentralized platform while handling with medical data or images. An effective deep learning-based blockchain framework with reduced transaction cost is proposed to enhance the security of medical images in IoMT. The proposed study involves four different stages like image acquisition, encryption, optimal key generation, secured storing. The input images initially are collected in the image acquisition stage. Then, the collected medical images are encrypted using coupled map lattice (CML). This encryption process assists to preserve the input medical images from the attackers. In order to provide more confidentiality to the encrypted images, optimal keys are generated using opposition-based sparrow search optimization (O-SSO) algorithm. These encrypted images are stored using distributed ledger technology (DLT) and smart contract based blockchain technology. This blockchain technology enhances the data integrity and authenticity and allows secured transmission of medical images. After decrypting the image, the disease is diagnosed in the classification stage using proposed Recurrent Generative Neural Network (RGNN) model. The proposed study used python tool for simulation analysis and the medical images are gathered from CT images in COVID-19 dataset.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain can change how media content dispersion, utilization, and installment for music, video, and different means occur. Modified multi-content assistance bundles are past the abilities of current frameworks. Overseeing advanced privileges, eminence assortments, and exchanges among different go-betweens is very troublesome in the present computerized environments. By bringing responsibility, security, and control to the media inventory network, blockchain, with its common record approach, will assist with improving the media production network and diminish copyright encroachments. It may, for instance, decrease copyright encroachments in music streaming, where distributors and lyricists much of the time denounce music web-based features like Spotify, Napster, and Pandora of not paying them anything they are owed, losing up to 25% of streaming eminences.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Ayodeji Ibitoye, Halleluyah Oluwatobi Aworinde, Esther T. Adekunle
Originally, manual voting systems are surrounded with issues like results manipulation, errors and long result computation time, ineligible voters, void votes among others. Electronic voting system helped in overcoming the challenges with manual voting system, to engendered other problems of phishing, men in the middle attack alongside voter’s impersonation. By these challenges, the integrity of an election results in a distributed system has become another top concern for e-voting system based on reliability. To achieve an improved voters’ authentication and result validation with excellent user experience, here, a Facial Recognition Electronic Voting System that is power-driven by Blockchain Technology was developed. The entire election engineering activities are decentralised with improved security features to enhance transparency, verifiability, and accountability for each vote count. The self-service voting system was built by smart contract and implemented on the Ethereum network. The obtained reports and evaluations reflected a non-editable and self-sufficiently certifiable system for voting. It also has a competitive edge over fingerprint enabled e-voting system. Aside it’s excellent usability and general acceptance, the developed method discarded to a larger extend, intended fraudulent actions from election activities by eliminating the involvement of a middleman while facilitating privacy, convenience, eligibility and satisfactory voters’ right.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain is the invention that permits digitally generated information to be allocated without being copied. Blockchain technology is the heart of the new internet (i.e., virtual currency). Emerging clever settlement structures over decentralized cryptocurrencies permit jointly suspicious events to transact competently without relying on third parties (i.e., the reason to provide wide security to blockchain technology). Cryptography has so many algorithms to provide security such as MD5, AES, RSA, SHA family, etc. Hash functions are extremely useful and appear in almost all information security applications, so hashing techniques are more secure among them. The authors are designing a new approach (i.e., SHA-512) in a local blockchain application. SHA-512 is a very secure algorithm that uses 64-bit words and operates on 1024-bit blocks. They are proving that SHA-512 is more collision-resistant than its predecessor with a few mathematical models.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Electronic voting system has great potential to decrease organizational cost of traditional voting system and also it has ability to maximize the voters turnout. When real time voting system is used for election, it must be convenient, secure, accurate, safe and legitimate. This paper evaluates blockchain framework and implement real time voting system by using blockchain technology which increase the security and decrease the total organizational cost for election. Proposed model is divided into three parts i.e., admin, voter and registration phase. Here admin responsible for managing the life cycle of each and every election. It has not allowed to cast a ballot. Registration phase checks voters’ recognizable proof and register represents them in the framework. In this, accounts are held by authorities in surveying station found close by local locations. We used RPC server for network and solidity as a programming language for smart contract. Here protocol execution uses consensus mechanism which is responsible to secure the Ethereum blockchain. We tested proposed model by using Rinke by test network for ensuring the feasibility.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Saiara Jahan Chowdhury, Era Aich, Saha Reno, Mamun Ahmed
A traditional credit card payment method involves using a third party to validate the transaction. Anyone using a credit card for online purchases exposes themselves to the risk of identity theft. Also, multiple costs are connected with a transaction using a payment gateway. These costs are typically concealed and unknown to customers. Many studies have been conducted on using public blockchain technology to secure e-commerce payment systems, e.g., Bitcoin and Ethereum. Unfortunately, the information and transactions stored in a public blockchain are open to anyone, destroying confidentiality. To address these inadequacies and decrease the danger of stolen credentials, we proposed a solution for protecting credit card transactions using Hyperledger Composer-based private blockchain technology. This eliminates the need for a third party to process a transaction and the hidden fees seen in the standard credit card payment system. Only the privileged participants can retrieve the credentials and transactions, which is ensured by the Access Control feature of Hyperledger. Moreover, a minimum of 3000 transactions per second can be executed in our proposed system, whereas the public blockchain has a throughput of only 2-3 TPS. These transactions are immutable as well as non-removable and the query feature, which is exclusive to Hyperledger, can be utilized for instantaneous retrieval of information from the ledger.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Khaled Tarmissi, Atef Shalan, Rayan Alsulamy, Sultan H. Almotiri · 5 authors
Cryptocurrency has become a significant business stream in recent years for investors worldwide. Through a giant decentralized bitcoin network, cryptocurrency solutions have been extended to world investors over the internet. Understanding the underlying infrastructure of the bitcoin network is essential for internet users to realize the business environment for their investment and for researchers to improve the provisioning of cryptocurrency solutions. This paper provides a literature review to illustrate the primary methodology of bitcoin networks, underlying infrastructure, and the significant technical challenges and security issues. We describe the blockchain network and its components and structure. We also discuss the bitcoin transaction handling over the blockchain networks and the cryptographic techniques for securing the blockchain networks and cryptocurrency solutions.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Md. Ahsan Habib, Kazi Md. Rokibul Alam, Yasuhiko Morimoto
Usually, a medical record (MR) contains the patients’ disease-oriented sensitive information. In addition, the MR needs to be shared among different bodies, e.g., diagnostic centres, hospitals, physicians, etc. Hence, retaining the privacy and integrity of MR is crucial. A blockchain based secure MR sharing system can manage these aspects properly. This paper proposes a blockchain based electronic (e-) MR sharing scheme that (i) considers the medical image and the text as the input, (ii) enriches the data privacy through a two-fold encryption mechanism consisting of an asymmetric cryptosystem and the dynamic DNA encoding, (iii) assures data integrity by storing the encrypted e-MR in the distinct block designated for each user in the blockchain, and (iv) eventually, enables authorized entities to regain the e-MR through decryption. Preliminary evaluations, analyses, comparisons with state-of-the-art works, etc., imply the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Every day thousands or millions of digital content or assets have been created and transected through the digital marketplace. Most of the cases after creating the content in the digital market a seller completely lose their content ownership and creative content. Not only that the entire system is centralized which means the whole transaction, information sharing, and database update are maintained by the third-party organization. And no contact verification and authentication happen between two parties. Also, generate the possibilities of data manipulation risk for a large amount of data. To solve this problem, we have introduced Ethereum blockchain-based digital marketplace where we use NFT-based smart contracts to verify and authenticate every transaction between buyer, seller, and marketplace owner. Our proposed system operated as a decentralized and distributed ledger. To develop the NFT-based smart contract we use the ERC721 token standard which provides us the non-fungible properties. We use two smart contracts to develop the whole infrastructure. One is for creating a market item and another one is for the marketplace. Also, develop the payment mechanism for our proposed structure and collect the listing fees. So, the proposed Ethereum blockchain-based digital marketplace is secure, trusted, immutable, and properly authenticated by the decentralized network.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In Today's World, Blockchain is a promising Technology in all areas; things have also been drastically changed after COVID-19; challenges surfaced for implementing blockchain technology in the context of its computational complexity and security. After invention of it in 2008, cryptocurrency applications, i.e., Bitcoin it also getting introduced in Different applications. One of the Major Building blocks of Blockchain is Cryptography techniques. This paper discusses Cryptographic primitives used in different phases of Blockchain implementation and the challenges of implementing these cryptographic primitives. Bitcoin uses Cryptographic primitives to generate public-private key pairs and mining, while Ethereum uses Elliptic curve cryptography to create public-private keys and digital signatures. This paper divided uses of cryptographic primitives into three categories used in Blockchains, i.e., key generation Hashes, signature generation hashes, and proof hashes.
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Dec 16, 2022·2022 Second International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Intelligent Control, Environment, Computing & Communication Engineering (ICATIECE)
C Vasanthakumar, V Kabilan, M Kathiravan, Ragashanmugam RG
Since the 1970s, several types of E-voting, have been employed with a number of important advantages over current voting systems, E-voting increased efficiency and reduced errors. At the same time cost of regular voting system is very compare to e-voting based on block chain is very low the current Electronic voting machine have lot of flaws the vote can be change after the election. The security of the machine secured by humans, so in block chain based system doesn't allow you to change the value which is enter by peoples. But there are also obstacles to overcome of worldwide adoption of such systems, significantly in relation of strengthening their susceptibility to possible flaws. The Ethereum block chain's benefits, such as its transparency and decentralized nature, are discussed in this article. The use of cryptographic foundations to build a reliable E-voting system.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Cryptocurrencies are the new emerging and important financial software systems. Digital forms of money are advanced monetary standards that depend on cryptographic monetary forms. Clients can't track down the entire information in one place and every other website shows some different stats which mislead the user to invest in the correct time and do some good investments. The investor is not getting the proper stats for a long period of time. In Cryptophyle we are fetching the data from multiple resources of cryptocurrency news and track some of the latest cryptocurrencies. Our website will give the In-depth information about the crypto world. Cryptophyle will keep you updated with the latest news and the latest data of the crypto world to make beneficial transactions and take more advantages from the app. It also provides past data which makes investors analyze the data and make success in their investments. The growth and ubiquity of exchanging in this new market are rapidly increasing due to the invention of digital kinds of money. Due to these resources' high degree of volatility, it is important to comprehend and forecast their price in a constantly shifting market.
Digital and Cyber Forensics
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Privacy protection for smart contracts is currently inadequate. Existing solutions for privacy-preserving smart contracts either support only a limited class of smart contracts or rely on noncryptographic assumptions. We propose a cryptographic obfuscation scheme for smart contracts based on existing blockchain mechanisms, standard cryptographic assumptions, and witness encryption. In the proposed scheme, an obfuscated smart contract does not reveal its algorithm and hardcoded secrets and preserves encrypted states. Any user can provide it with encrypted inputs and allow an untrusted third party to execute it. Although multiparty computation (MPC) among dynamically changing users is necessary, its privacy is protected if at least one user is honest. If the MPC does not finish within a period of time, anyone can cancel and restart it. The proposed scheme also supports decentralized obfuscation where even the participants of the obfuscation process cannot learn secrets in the obfuscated smart contract unless all of them are malicious. As its applications, we present a new trustless bitcoin bridge mechanism that exposes no secret key and privacy-preserving anti-money laundering built into smart contracts.
Open access
Cryptography and Data Security
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain is ultra model technique which is making a great impact on the society for its decentralized nature. Cryptocurrency is one of the popular application of blockchain. Blockchain is decentralized in nature and each block is connected with chain using the hashing concept, so that third party will not be able to access it, The blockchain is more secure. Cryptocurrency contain secure distributed ledger and mining concept is important in cryptocurrency. Secure mining algorithm is required for cryptocurrency. This paper describes an overview of an blockchain and cryptocurrency systems.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques