Blockchain Papers

Eu Wang Kim, Min Seo Park, Kyoungmin Kim, Kyong Ju Kim · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Roshan Jadhav, Altaf Ahmed Shaikh, M. A. Jawale, A. B. Pawar · 5 authors

Counterfeit items have become more prevalent in the industrial industry in recent years. This has an effect on the company’s name, sales, and profit. Blockchain technology is used to authenticate and identify counterfeit items.Using blockchain technology, transactions are recorded in the form of blocks in a distributed, decentralized, and digital ledger. A block cannot be changed or hacked since blockchain technology is secure. Blockchain technology eliminates the need for customers or users to rely on third parties to verify the product’s safety. In light of current advancements in mobile and wireless technologies, quick response (QR) codes provide a promising technique for addressing the practice of counterfeiting in this project. This is done by scanning a QR code, which is linked to a Blockchain, to identify counterfeit goods. As a consequence, this method may be used to record product information and generate a unique identifier for each product in a database. It looks up the user’s unique code in the Blockchain database and sees if there are any matches. When a code matches, the client will be notified; otherwise, the consumer will be notified that the product is counterfeit.

Xing Pan, Botao Zhong, Sheng Da, Xinqi Yuan · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Mark Gaynor, Rhonda BeLue, Janet E. Tuttle‐Newhall, M L Martin · 6 authors

BACKGROUND: Blockchain technology has made great strides in many industries but has yet to impact the world of public health. Population health issues such as outbreak surveillance and controlled substance tracking during emergencies all require a secure, easily accessible database. While the healthcare industry is typically slow to adapt to change, blockchain technology lends itself well to many healthcare issues. METHODS: We utilized a 3D framework using difficulty, novelty and necessity to examine the adoption of blockchain technology in population health, based on the 2D framework of difficulty and novelty as driving factors for the development of foundational technologies in the world of business by Iansiti and Lakhani in The Harvard Business Review. RESULTS: We find that by implementing the third dimension of necessity into an evaluation framework, we can better predict the adoption of technology. We found how different areas of population health fit into the evaluation framework and how necessity can eliminate barriers from implementing novel technologies. CONCLUSION: The byproduct of this paper will be the extension of the Iansiti and Lakhani framework. We will show that blockchain, in all of these domains, shows promise to improve population health as we move past COVID-19 and into the future of healthcare.

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Arghavan Akbarieh, William Carbone, Markus Schäfer, Danièle Waldmann · 5 authors

As the global economy moves towards a sustainable and circular trajectory, the immense role of the construction industry is becoming increasingly apparent as one of the most waste-intensive sectors. Urban mining and subsequent material reuse or recycling are the recommended remedies to lower resource extraction and waste generation in the upcoming decades.This article looks at the recycling practices and offers a solution to revalorise construction recyclables, regulate the isolated recycling activities and incentivise construction material manufacturers to take responsibility for recycling their own products after their lifecycle is over. Consequently, the future volumes of recyclables will become calculable and transparent, which balances the supply and demand of secondary materials. To this end, this study goes beyond manufacturing traceability and investigates manufacturer traceability. Material banks, Building Information Models, blockchain technology and smart contracts are used to conceptualise a novel business model for highly recyclable construction materials. On the one hand, the value of recyclables is captured through salvage value based on accounting methods. Smart contracts administer the physical material transfer for recycling while automating the monetary value transactions between stakeholders. On the other hand, a financial instrument is proposed to link the on-chain captured value to the off-chain financial practices through the Recycling Requirement Rights. The right holders are responsible for recycling; they could be the material manufacturers or not. The discussions on the threats and opportunities as well as weaknesses and strengths of the proposed framework together with its potential to integrate with existing solutions conclude this study.

Atul Kumar Singh, V. R. Prasath Kumar

Poor quality in construction could lead to the cash flow disruption, project delays, profit loss in projects due to rework, and some time to the property damage or human loss due to accidents. In order to ensure the quality of work, quality control (QC) departments inspect the construction work compliance with best practices, defined procedures, and specifications. These inspections rely on manual procedures, post-construction evaluation, document-based, and are carried out through a supervisory manner approach from top-down. However, this top-down control-oriented approach does not provide enough motivation for quality control managers, operators, and workers to voluntarily follow quality procedures and specifications. Besides, document-based quality specification compliance assessments have limitations that are difficult to determine whether the required specifications have actually been implemented and are not reliable to measure their real performance as well. In this regard, this study proposes a conceptual framework for Blockchain-based quality management at construction sites, which could ensure security and reliability of information generated through while implementing quality-related specification and procedures by managers and workers using Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) and also to encourage them by establishing a compensation structure through performance assessment for activities of each task. The Block chained quality management approach would greatly help shift the traditional top-down and passive quality control process to bottom-up and voluntary manner. It might open a new innovative value-chain structure in the construction quality domain which provides securing reliability of activities required for quality assurance procedures and specification implementation.

Laurent Marochini

The financial sector and banks have existed since ancient times. Their history has been marked by crises and moments of prosperity. Innovation has often been the driver of the sector, allowing it to evolve and rebuild each time. New technologies are more than ever at the heart of current events in the sector, particularly with the development of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). Blockchain can be described as one of the greatest inventions of the 21st century, a ‘business game changer’ and has been compared to the Internet of value. These technologies require a different way of thinking and will make banks question their strategic positioning. This paper aims to, first, describe the impacts of Blockchain in the financial sector and to decipher innovations such as decentralised finance (DeFI) or non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Second, it analyses the innovation strategies of banks in the face of a technology with disruptive potential.

Hung T. Le

Building Information Modeling (BIM) can be considered as a visual database which means a 3D building model equips all data for different disciplines like architecture, structure and Mechanical-Electrical – Plumbing (MEP) design. The data rich model serves multi tasks from cost estimation, project scheduling, energy analyses. However, the data in BIM model cannot be controlled strictly in project phases by stakeholders, therefore the quality of BIM Model and included documents is limited and disorder. Blockchain, the back-end database technology that makes Bitcoin work, is one of the most exciting technologies emerging right now. Beyond the cryptocurrency, it is redefining how we store, update, and move data on networks. It enables a whole new way of writing and deploying applications that has the potential to improve online security and trust. It can even enable the creation of a new type of organization that is devoid of hierarchy and centralized decision-making. This paper shows the development of a blockchain based on Ethereum for BIM applications, which can help to solve model ownership and increase the quality and usefulness of the BIM model.

Apoorva Ganapathy, Md. Redwanuzzaman, Md. Mahbubur Rahaman, Wahiduzzaman Khan

Artificial intelligence-driven cryptocurrencies are cryptocurrencies created by Artificial intelligence using the traditional human cryptocurrency development framework without human intervention. An AI explores the data from each different stream and arriving at the framework which can host these cryptocurrencies following the standards of legality. Cryptography is the encryption of specific data to conceal it and keep it a secret from unwanted third parties. Cryptocurrencies are encrypted currencies with unique keys as developed by developers. Artificial intelligence is an advanced machine programmed to simulate and emulate human intelligence by carrying tasks and reaching conclusions with little or no human intervention. This work considered the use of AI through machine learning and deep learning in the development of cryptocurrencies. The AI machine will set all the parameters and structure of the cryptocurrency. This will include how data is added, removed, and verified on the stream. Blockchain is an open ledger of a cryptocurrency's transactions. It stores files in the system, arranged in blocks, and connected on a list called chains. The article considers how AI-driven cryptocurrency will run using the blockchain network and its impact on it. Artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency are technological very essential technological development currently. The effect of the combination of both technologies would be enormous in the future as both technologies will develop each other remarkably.

Barbara Aleksandra Adamska, David Blahak, Fonbeyin Henry Abanda

No abstract is available for this record.

Azzam Raslan, Georgios Kapogiannis, Ali Cheshmehzangi, Walid Tizani · 5 authors

There is a lack of accurate and valid data provision during the construction project lifecycle, and throughout the in-use phase of building assets. Construction needs to adopt a new technology to support building assets. Due to the current limitation of construction technology, Blockchain can be considered a new revolution within the most advanced construction applications. This paper proposes a framework for assembling Asset Information Models (AIMs) through private Blockchain to allow the owners, consultants, contractors, and suppliers to upload and visualise the data anywhere at any time throughout the lifecycle of the building to support project owners in making decisions. This paper introduces a conceptual framework through the processes of data analysis between the construction stages. The framework will improve current management efficiency in many ways such as: model upload/download, lack of data, partial model exchange, clash detection, conflict resolution, multiple data model formats, and data security. This helps project owners and maintenance teams to enhance their decision-making processes and improve the trust between stakeholders.

Faris Elghaish, Sepehr Abrishami, M. Reza Hosseini

No abstract is available for this record.

Jinbeom Seo, Youngbok Cho

In this paper, we use the blockchain to manage our own medical information on our own and to maintain data integrity where data can be changed without our approval. This paper proposes a system that can solve the problem of costly repetition of expensive medical imaging and make more accurate diagnosis by sharing one image with various experts.

Claudio A. Ardagna, Rasool Asal, Ernesto Damiani, Nabil El Ioini · 5 authors

Today, Internet of Things (IoT) implements an ecosystem where a panoply of interconnected devices collect data from physical environments and supply them to processing services, on top of which cloud-based applications are built and provided to mobile end users. The undebatable advantages of smart IoT systems clash with the need of a secure and trustworthy environment. In this paper, we propose a service-based methodology based on blockchain and smart contracts for trustworthy evidence collection at the basis of a trustworthy IoT assurance evaluation. The methodology balances the provided level of trustworthiness and its performance, and is experimentally evaluated using Hyperledger fabric blockchain.

Sulekha Singh, Baabak Ashuri

Information exchange among architects, contractors, and clients is found to be limited and not completely digital, which creates difficulty in tracking and analyzing the generated unstructured data. Design drawings are developed during the design phase, but not transparently shared among contractors, due to the fear of uncertain changes in design without knowing who changed the designed element and what element is been modified, which can lead to disputes. Blockchain technology enables the transaction of digital information, and revolutionizing different industries like banking, crypto exchanges, insurance, etc., due to its decentralized, encrypted, and secured functionality. This paper proposes the potential application of blockchain technology in design development phase of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) processes by developing a blockchain framework. In this research, the design data generated from design development software and its log files are categorized, and flow of data encryption is determined by using blockchain concepts in order to have a secure ledger, which has the potential to provide a validation to an argument of disputes. The expected contribution of this proposed research is to create a framework to track and register the design commands and events in a secured, transparent, and collaborative platform. The anticipated benefits of this research include the record of proof of work and the mitigation of disputes and litigations related to design defects which includes design error and omissions and construction defects which includes either replacement or modifications in design, resulting to change orders and monetary losses.

Izabella Lokshina, Michal Greguš, Wade L. Thomas

The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry has not adopted digital transformation enthusiastically like other industries, for instance, manufacturing, aerospace or finance. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative technology that is considered as an opportunity for the AEC industry to move to the digital era and improve the collaboration among stakeholders by applying Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). BIM provides all required tools and automations to achieve end-to-end communication, data exchange and information sharing among collaborators. Accordingly, virtual 3D models, created by the BIM process, delivered as physical assets, monitored in real-time and managed using Building Management Systems (BMS), can adopt the Internet of Things (IoT) designs and services. However, the implementation of IoT in a highly modular environment with various moving parts and inter-dependencies between stakeholders leads to security concerns. Therefore, this paper proposes system design that employs the blockchain technology as a measure to secure and control the framework that involves integrated IoT and BIM technologies. Although this paper considers system design applied in a smart museum, the authors assume that design is generic and applicable in other building categories. For instance, this design can be implemented in the ongoing Alumni Hall renovation project at State University of New York College at Oneonta.

Apoorva Ganapathy, Taposh Kumar Neogy

The cryptocurrency Artificial intelligence price emulator is a software programmed to collect cryptocurrency market data, analyze the data and predict the market price using the collected data. Computer emulators are programmed to mimic and copy behaviors or other software/hardware. The reason for emulation is to get to a particular result as quickly as possible. Machine learning is the ability of computers to read and process data while learning from the data with human interference or influence. This work focused majorly on how cryptocurrency market prices can be emulated using Artificial Intelligence with machine learning abilities. It also looked into the advantages of using the software for crypto investors. Some of which is the reduced time of research, reduction of risk, among others.

Jun Wang, Peng Wu, Xiangyu Wang, Wenchi Shou

Current construction engineering management suffers numerous challenges in terms of the trust, information sharing, and process automation. Blockchain which is a decentralised transaction and data management technology, has attracted increasing interests from both academic and industrial aspects since 2008. However, most of the existing research and practices are focused on the blockchain itself (i.e. technical challenges and limitations) or its applications in the finance service sector (i.e. Bitcoin). This paper aims to investigate the potential of applying blockchain technology in the construction sector. Three types of blockchain-enabled applications are proposed to improve the current processes of contract management, supply chain management, and equipment leasing, respectively. Challenges of blockchain implementation are also discussed in this paper.

Žiga Turk, Robert Klinc

Blockchain technology enables distributed, encrypted and secure logging of digital transactions. It is the underlying technology of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Blockchain is expected to revolutionize computing in several areas, particularly where centralization was unnatural and privacy was important. In the paper, we present research on where and how this technology could be useful in the construction industry. The work is based on the study of literature on open issues that exist in construction process management. These are than matched to the capabilities of blockchain. We are motivated by the fact that construction projects involve a dynamic grouping of several companies. We study the degree to which the relationships among them are hierarchical or peer-to-peer and note that particularly in information intensive phases, centralization of information management was necessary because of technology. When using un-constraining technology, communication patterns among participants show a peer-to-peer nature of the relationships. In such environment, blockchain can provide a trustworthy infrastructure for information management during all building life-cycle stages. Even if building information modelling (BIM) is used, which assumes a centralized building information model, there is a role for blockchain to manage information on who did what and when and thus provide a basis for any legal arguments that might occur. On the construction site blockchain can improve the reliability and trustworthiness of construction logbooks, works performed and material quantities recorded. In the facility maintenance phase, blockchain's main potential is the secure storage of sensor data which are sensitive to privacy. We conclude that blockchain provides solutions to many current problems in construction information management. However, it is more likely that it will be built into generic IT infrastructure on top of which construction applications are built, rather than used directly by authors of construction related software. It has a potential to make construction processes less centralized which opens needs for research in that direction.