Transformasi sistem hukum yang dipicu oleh perkembangan teknologi blockchain dan Web3 menuntut penyesuaian mendasar dalam sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan reformulasi sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum dalam menghadapi tantangan era digital, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta literatur yang relevan dalam bidang hukum dan teknologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia belum memiliki kerangka regulasi yang memadai untuk mengatur isu-isu hukum baru seperti kontrak cerdas, yurisdiksi lintas negara, serta perlindungan data pribadi dalam ekosistem digital. Selain itu, masih terdapat kekosongan standar kompetensi hukum digital dalam kerangka sertifikasi profesi hukum yang ada saat ini. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengembangan sistem sertifikasi profesi hukum yang terintegrasi dengan penguasaan teknologi digital terkini. Sertifikasi berbasis teknologi tidak hanya meningkatkan kapasitas teknis dan etika profesional hukum, tetapi juga memperkuat kepercayaan publik serta mendukung penerapan prinsip kenali nasabah dan pencegahan tindak pidana pencucian uang. Dalam jangka panjang, sistem ini akan mendorong lahirnya profesional hukum yang adaptif dan siap menjawab kompleksitas regulasi di era transformasi digital.
Perkembangan teknologi mendorong transformasi terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, mencakup transformasi metode transaksi yang semula dilakukan secara konvensional kini mulai beralih kepada transaksi digital. Dompet elektronik hadir sebagai salah satu bentuk transaksi digital yang menawarkan kemudahan dan efisiensi dalam bertransaksi. Namun terdapat tantangan keamanan dan perlindungan data pribadi pengguna dikarenakan tingginya kerentanan kebocoran data di dalam aplikasi dompet elektronik. Artikel ini mengkaji regulasi perlindungan data pribadi di Indonesia dalam konteks keamanan transaksi menggunakan dompet elektronik menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Penulis mengusulkan penerapan metode Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) untuk meningkatkan perlindungan data pribadi pengguna layanan dompet digital. Untuk mendukung inovasi tersebut, diperlukan pembaruan regulasi, antara lain pembentukan otoritas pengawas independen (DPA), penambahan persyaratan persetujuan eksplisit atas transmisi data lintas negara dalam UU PDP, serta penyusunan regulasi teknis yang mewajibkan penggunaan ZKP sebagai bagian dari standar keamanan transaksi digital di Indonesia
Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong transformasi ekonomi digital yang ditandai dengan kemunculan cryptocurrency sebagai instrumen keuangan baru. Di balik manfaatnya, cryptocurrency juga menimbulkan tantangan serius dalam aspek hukum, khususnya terkait tindak pidana pencucian uang (TPPU). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum positif di Indonesia mengatur kejahatan ekonomi berbasis digital melalui cryptocurrency serta mengkaji modus operandi yang digunakan dalam praktik pencucian uang tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki regulasi terkait TPPU melalui UU No. 8 Tahun 2010 dan pengawasan oleh BAPPEBTI terhadap platform aset kripto, praktik pencucian uang berbasis cryptocurrency masih sulit dideteksi karena sifat anonim, desentralisasi, dan kompleksitas transaksinya. Modus yang umum digunakan meliputi tahapan placement, layering, dan integration, yang seringkali melibatkan pihak ketiga seperti mixer, tumbler, dan broker OTC. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pembaruan regulasi dan peningkatan kapasitas pengawasan untuk mengantisipasi dan memberantas kejahatan ekonomi digital melalui cryptocurrency di masa mendatang.
Penelitian ini membahas kedudukan cryptocurrency dalam sistem hukum perdata Indonesia. Cryptocurrency adalah aset digital yang tidak berwujud namun memiliki nilai ekonomi dan dapat dialihkan. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai pengakuannya sebagai benda dalam KUH Perdata. Sistem hukum Indonesia masih mendasarkan konsep benda pada bentuk fisik, sehingga belum mampu menjangkau keberadaan aset digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, konseptual, dan komparatif untuk menelaah hal tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum yang menghambat kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik cryptocurrency. Selain itu, belum terdapat mekanisme pembuktian kepemilikan dan penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif. Negara-negara seperti Jepang, Singapura, dan Uni Eropa telah lebih dahulu mengatur secara jelas aset digital ini. Oleh karena itu, pembaruan hukum perdata Indonesia sangat diperlukan untuk mengakomodasi perkembangan teknologi digital.
The swift advancement of blockchain technology has introduced a transformative innovation known as smart contracts, which are self-enforcing, unchangeable computer programs for agreements. While these contracts offer benefits like efficiency and openness, their inherent qualities present major hurdles for protecting consumers, especially from the risk of inequitable terms being included. This study aims to deeply investigate the strengths and weaknesses of current Indonesian law in offering legal safeguards to consumers who use smart contracts for their transactions. Utilizing a normative juridical methodology with a statutory and conceptual framework, the research reveals several key findings. First, the essential features of smart contracts, most notably their unchangeable and self-enforcing nature, are in direct opposition to the adaptable and justice-focused principles of Indonesian contract law, like the doctrine of good faith. Second, although a foundational level of protection is offered by the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), substantial legal vacuums and difficult enforcement problems persist. Third, the research pinpoints specific ways unfair clauses appear as functions within the code and confirms that applying a purposeful interpretation of current legislation can help lessen their negative effects. In conclusion, this paper asserts the pressing requirement for creating specific legal rules and bolstering institutional supervision, especially by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), to ensure that consumer rights remain protected amidst the evolution of contractual technology.
The development of digital technology has encouraged the use of smart contracts as an instrument for automating agreements in Blockchain-based electronic transactions. In the context of Indonesian law, the validity of a smart contract must meet the legal requirements for an agreement, as regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, which includes the agreement between the parties, legal capacity, a transparent object of the agreement, and lawful causes. Additionally, data verification in smart contracts is a key element in guaranteeing the security, authenticity, and transparency of e-commerce transactions, which is related to the provisions in the ITE Law and the PDP Law. This verification aims to prevent data manipulation, reduce the risk of fraud, and increase trust in transactions by using encryption technology, digital signatures, and Blockchain-based identity. Smart contracts can be considered valid if they fulfill the terms of the agreement and data security principles, making their use in e-commerce more effective and reliable.
David Hardiago, Rani Fadhila Syafrinaldi, Syafrinaldi, M. Musa · 5 authors
The advancement of science and technology continues to accelerate. Internet and its supporting technology became the backbone for many activities. This kind of advancement goes beyond territorial boundaries and human’s intelligence. This phenomenon triggers a new crime model. One of them is a crime related to the existence of Cryptocurrency such as money laundering, terrorism financing, and other forms of crime. This is understood given that Cryptocurrency give rise to large number of crimes as well as the emergence of a new modus operandi in several criminal acts. This is further supported by the lack of current Indonesian regulations that do not specifically accommodate the Cryptocurrency mechanism. The main issues raised in this study are related to how crimes and new modus operandi are caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism against Indonesian criminal law, as well as how the mechanism of crime prevention and handling caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism through the means of penal policy, covering targeted legislative amendments, specialised investigative units, prosecutorial guidelines, and asset-seizure procedures—to prevent and combat such crimes. This article uses normative method to answer the problem through comparative approach, case approach, literary approach and statutory approach. Initial hypotheses proposed to address these problems are: First, Cryptocurrency as a financial transaction mechanism that relies on the computational system with anonymous transactions opens a great opportunity for crime in the mechanism of the transaction. Second, the establishment of new rules in order prevent and combat crime and the modus operandi caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism through the mechanism of penal policy are essential.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan perkembangan dan tren riset global mengenai Non-Fungible Token (NFT) melalui pendekatan bibliometrik menggunakan data dari basis Scopus dan visualisasi VOSviewer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa riset NFT mengalami peningkatan signifikan sejak 2020, dengan dominasi tema seperti smart contract, digital assets, dan blockchain. India, Tiongkok, dan Inggris tercatat sebagai kontributor utama literatur NFT global. Analisis kata kunci mengungkap transisi tematik dari fokus seni digital menuju bidang teknologi informasi, keamanan siber, dan data kesehatan. Visualisasi temporal dan densitas mengindikasikan bahwa topik-topik baru seperti cybersecurity, interplanetary file system, dan electronic health record menjadi pusat perhatian terkini dalam literatur NFT. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami struktur, aktor, dan arah perkembangan penelitian NFT, serta menawarkan rekomendasi strategis bagi peneliti dan pengambil kebijakan untuk mengembangkan riset NFT yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
Di tengah pesatnya pertumbuhan teknologi digital dan Artificial Intelligence (AI), pencurian karya digital menjadi ancaman nyata yang meresahkan para kreator. Hal ini tidak hanya mengancam hak ekonomi, tetapi juga merusak integritas ekosistem kreatif. Penelitian ini menawarkan solusi inovatif: integrasi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) dan smart contract untuk perlindungan hak cipta di era digital. Dengan mengumpulkan 150 data dari platform media sosial X menggunakan metode web crawling dan analisis labeling, ditemukan bahwa mayoritas publik mendukung upaya perlindungan karya digital. Studi ini kemudian mensimulasikan pembuatan NFT dan implementasi smart contract di blockchain Polygon melalui OpenSea, membuktikan bahwa pencatatan kepemilikan berbasis teknologi dapat menghadirkan sistem perlindungan yang otomatis, transparan, dan tahan manipulasi. Hasil ini tidak hanya membangun jalur baru perlindungan hak cipta yang lebih adil dan efisien, tetapi juga menegaskan pentingnya adaptasi hukum di dunia digital. Temuan ini membuka cakrawala baru bagaimana teknologi blockchain dapat menjadi benteng pertahanan kreator di tengah dinamika digital yang terus berubah.
Kevin Darmawan, Lastuti Abubakar, Tri Handayani, Dewi Kania Sugiharti
The development of financial technology has driven the emergence of digital assets such as Bitcoin, which challenge the conventional legal framework of property law. Although not recognized as legal tender, Bitcoin has been acknowledged as a legal asset by Indonesia's Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to examine the legal status of Bitcoin as collateral in Indonesia’s property law framework, as well as assess the adequacy of current regulations in accommodating this function. This research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that Bitcoin fulfills the legal criteria of an intangible object and, in theory, can be used as an object of fiduciary security. However, the absence of explicit legal recognition and a digitally integrated collateral registration system has led to legal uncertainty. Although regulations in Indonesia have provided a degree of legality and oversight, systemic institutional integration remains lacking. Therefore, legal reform is needed in the area of digital asset-based collateral, along with the establishment of a comprehensive administrative registration system to ensure the validity of security interests in digital assets.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu inovasi dalam dunia ekonomi berupa aset digital yang memiliki keunikan dalam aspek identitas dan kepemilikan yang menggunakan teknologi blockchain untuk menyimpan dan memverifikasi data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran NFT dalam ekonomi digital, apakah NFT benar-benar menjembatani kesenjangan dalam digitalisasi ekonomi atau justru menambah lapisan kompleksitas yang kontraproduktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk mengumpulkan data dari artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik NFT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran NFT dapat memiliki potensi ganda sebagai jembatan kesenjangan sekaligus sumber kompleksitas kontraproduktif. Teknologi NFT mampu meningkatkan transparansi, memperluas akses ke pasar global, melindungi hak kekayaan intelektual, dan mendukung inovasi di bidang pendidikan, administrasi pertanahan, dan pembiayaan program SDGs. Namun, NFT juga menghadapi tantangan multidimensi seperti ketidakjelasan regulasi yang berpotensi memicu penipuan, pencucian uang, dan ketimpangan akses yang diperburuk oleh volatilitas pasar, spekulasi berlebihan, dan kesenjangan infrastruktur digital di negara-negara berkembang.
The current autonomous police system has entered its fourth year of implementation. This is a dramatic change in the paradigm of police organization. There is also a positive evaluation that the establishment of the system is being promoted relatively smoothly, centering on each city and province police committee and the council of city and province police chairmen nationwide. However, various problems are also raised, and improvements must be made to properly reflect the problem consciousness in order to establish the autonomous police system more successfully. The police's original mission to improve and develop the autonomous police system and the ideology of decentralization and political neutrality for the completion of local autonomy under the constitution should not be diluted or damaged. Police activities often lead to the exercise of public power that limits or imposes obligations on the people's freedom, property, and body, requiring clear and strict human rights protection and procedural fairness at all times. At the same time, there is a possibility that the police organization's authority to appoint personnel will be monitored, so political neutrality must also be strictly observed. If these requirements are met properly, the autonomous police system will be a complete model of local autonomy guaranteed by Constitution, and will be able to establish itself as a trusted autonomous system that combines local residents' rights and regional customized security services, eradicating local indigenous corruption, securing distribution of police power and political neutrality, linking local administration and security administration with financial support from local governments, smooth cooperation between national and autonomous police, strengthening resident representatives' participation in security administration and strengthening democratic control, and differentiating local security responsibilities from existing national police.
The digital economy has grown rapidly with the emergence of blockchain technology, which serves as the foundation for digital assets such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs enable unique digital ownership of artworks, music, and other digital assets. However, regulations governing NFTs in Indonesia remain limited, posing legal challenges, particularly in multi-party transactions and ownership protection. This study aims to analyze the regulations governing NFT ownership in Indonesia, identify legal challenges arising in multi-party transactions, and evaluate dispute resolution mechanisms in NFT transactions. Using a normative approach and descriptive analysis method, this research finds that existing regulations do not specifically accommodate the unique characteristics of NFTs, leading to legal uncertainty in ownership and copyright protection. Therefore, more comprehensive and specific regulations are needed to create legal certainty and support the development of the NFT industry in Indonesia.
Money laundering with Cryptocurrency in Indonesia in the use of digital currencies provides a loophole for criminals to hide the results of criminal acts through money laundering practices. This article reviews various strategies used in money laundering using crypto assets, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of this issue. This research applies the normative study method by analyzing legal aspects based on literature as well as the latest developments related to money laundering and cryptocurrencies. Money laundering through crypto assets is carried out in order to disguise the source of illegal funds. Some of the commonly used methods include transactions over the dark network as well as the use of unlicensed mixing services. This crime has been regulated in various laws and regulations that aim to prevent and eradicate the practice of money laundering through cryptocurrencies.
Gilvina Grace B.A., Surahman Surahman, Muhammad Nurcholis Alhadi, Elviandri Elviandri
Cryptocurrency has emerged as a global innovation since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, underpinned by blockchain technology that offers enhanced efficiency and transparency. Despite its potential, cryptocurrency presents complex legal challenges, particularly concerning its regulatory status. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency faces a dual regulatory framework: it is prohibited as a means of payment by Bank Indonesia pursuant to Law No. 7 of 2011 on Currency, yet simultaneously recognized as a tradable investment commodity by the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to analyze the implications of this duality for Indonesia’s national regulatory system. Using normative legal research and a statutory approach, the study reveals significant legal uncertainty arising from institutional regulatory inconsistencies. Such uncertainty may impede innovation and compromise consumer protection. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is essential to ensure legal certainty and adaptability, drawing on the theories of legal certainty and progressive law.
Selvi Amanda, Arif Laksono, Natania Nurafni, Osberth Sinaga
This study examines the digital transformation of the creative arts industry, focusing on how technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) have altered the creation and marketing of artworks. Digital platforms have expanded market access for artists, opened new opportunities for more efficient business models with lower costs, and created greater possibilities for cross-disciplinary collaboration. In this context, digital technologies allow artists to reach a global audience and sell their works in more innovative and interactive formats, increasing audience participation in the creative process. However, these developments also face significant challenges, such as increasingly intense competition, rapidly shifting trends, and limitations in resources to optimally implement these technologies. Furthermore, while there are significant opportunities in the global market, some artists in Indonesia still face difficulties in accessing and utilizing the latest technologies. With the creative economy contributing 7.16% to Indonesia's GDP in 2018, this study aims to provide an overview of the dynamics of the arts industry in the digital era and explore potential strategies to support the development of a more adaptable creative ecosystem. These strategies include digital training, strengthening cross-sector collaboration, and enhancing digital infrastructure to facilitate the future growth of the creative arts industry.
This study examines the validity and application of smart contracts within the Indonesian civil law framework. Smart contracts are block chain-based agreements that are implemented autonomously, eliminating the necessity for intermediaries. Although it provides efficiency and openness, its integration into the Indonesian legal system continues to encounter obstacles, particularly concerning regulations and dispute resolution methods. The legitimacy of an agreement in civil law is governed by Article 1320 of the Civil Code, which stipulates the necessity of mutual consent, legal ability, definite objects, and justifiable grounds. Nonetheless, there exists no regulation that explicitly governs smart contracts, necessitating additional examination of their legal standing.This study employs a normative legal methodology utilizing both conceptual and legislative approaches. The utilized data sources comprise primary legal materials, including the Civil Code and the Indonesian ITE Law, alongside secondary legal materials from books, scholarly publications, and prior study. The investigation aimed to ascertain the validity and legal binding nature of smart contracts inside the Indonesian civil system.The study's findings indicate that while smart contracts theoretically satisfy the components of an agreement as outlined in the Civil Code, issues persist regarding regulation and dispute resolution. Consequently, it is essential to formulate specific legislation or amendments to the ITE Law and Civil Code to facilitate smart contracts. Furthermore, the function of notaries and legal entities in authenticating smart contracts need elucidation to prevent legal ambiguity. In conflict resolution, hybrid methods like block chain-based arbitration may serve as an alternate solution. Consequently, the adoption of smart contracts in Indonesia need enhanced legal certainty to facilitate widespread utilization and ensure protection for the involved parties.
Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin berkembang banyak mengubah sistem yang telah ada diberbagai bidang, salah satu contoh perubahan yaitu sistem voting atau pemungutan suara. Di negara demokratisseperti indonesia sistem pemungutan suara sangat penting karena menjadi sarana masyarakat untuk menyuarakanhak-hak seperti contoh untuk memilih presiden atau wakil-wakil rakyat negara. Disamping itu sebagianpemungutan suara atau voting dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yaitu menggunakan kertas untuk menentukanpilihan sampai perhitungan hasil akhir suara, hal itu dapat menghabiskan biaya yang sangat banyak dan prosesperhitungan yang sangat lama dalam pelaksanaanya. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebutdirancanglah sistem e-Voting yang memanfaatkan teknologi smart contract dan blockchain. Dengan perjanjiandigital (smart contract) yang dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman solidity, perjanjian tersebut tidak bisa diubahalurnya (paten) jika sudah diterapkan di blockchain. Setiap transaksi atau data suara pemilihan masuk maka akandilakukan hashing dengan menggunakan algoritma sha-256 (dimana sampai saat ini hash dengan sha-256 belumada yang mampu memecahkannya) dan kemudian akan membentuk suatu rantai block yang saling terhubung(peer-to-peer) di jaringan blockchain tersebut. Sehingga dengan memanfaatkan teknologi ini, data pemungutansuara yang telah dilakukan tidak dapat diubah, digandakan atau bahkan dihapus.
AbstractNon-Fungible Token (NFT) represents a symbol of the future in a market that increasingly adapts to modern times. NFT provides a profitable platform for digital art aiming to monetize their works more effectively and efficiently. However, NFTs are sometimes misused by others to profit from an artist’s work without their permission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of NFTs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method. The results show that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding NFTs. However, there are several existing regulations that can serve as a legal framework for the existence of NFTs. As an asset, commercial transaction of NFTs based on APPEBTI Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Physical Crypto Asset Trading on the Futures Exchange, considering that NFTs are crypto assets stored on Blockchain networks and represent digital works. As intangible movable goods, NFTs based on the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Transactions Through Electronic Systems. As digital art, legal protection can refer to the Copyright Law. Challenges in the implementation of NFT trading include the potential for piracy, where someone's work is turned into an NFT without permission through a process called minting. To address these challenges, specific regulations on NFTs are needed. Another possible solution is the development of policies by NFT marketplaces to prevent further losses by blocking NFTs that are proven to originate from misused works.AbstrakNon-Fungible Token (NFT) ialah simbol di masa yang akan datang terkait pasar yang semakin mengikuti zaman. NFT menyediakan sarana profitable digital art yang bertujuan untuk memonetisasi karya mereka dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Namun terkadang NFT digunakan oleh orang lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari sebuah karya seniman tanpa memiliki izin dari seniman itu. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaturan NFT di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat aturan khusus terkait NFT. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa aturan yang dapat digunakan sebagai payung hukum keberadaan NFT. Sebagai aset, transaksi perdagangan NFT berada dalam payung hukum Peraturan BAPPEBTI Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka, dengan pertimbangan bahwa NFT merupakan aset kripto yang tersimpan di jaringan Blockchain dan karya digital. NFT sebagai Benda bergerak tidak berwujud berada dalam payung hukum UU ITE dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Sebagai karya digital perlindungan hukum dapat merujuk pada UU Hak Cipta. Tantangan dalam pelaksanaan transaksi perdagangan NFT yaitu dimungkinkannya. Tantangan dalam implementasi NFT yaitu terdapat potensi pembajakan terhadap suatu karya seseorang menjadi obyek NFT melalui minting. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut perlu pengaturan yang khusus NFT. Solusi lainnya yang dapat dilakukan misalnya dibuatnya kebijakan dari Pasar NFT untuk mencegah kerugian lebih lanjut dengan memblokir NFT yang terbukti berasal dari karya yang disalahgunakan.
This study examines the legal certainty of using cryptocurrency as an investment instrument in companies in Indonesia. Although cryptocurrency is not recognized as a legal means of payment, it has been acknowledged as a tradable commodity in futures exchanges. This research utilizes a normative legal approach to analyze existing regulations, challenges encountered, and legal protections available for investors. The findings indicate that despite significant profit potential, investors still face high risks due to price volatility, insufficient legal protections, and cybersecurity threats. It is crucial for the government to formulate more comprehensive and supportive regulations to protect investors and prevent misuse and illegal practices. Additionally, an extensive educational program is needed to enhance public understanding of the risks and benefits of investing in cryptocurrency. With adequate regulation and improved public awareness, cryptocurrency is expected to contribute positively to Indonesia’s digital economic growth. This study aims to contribute to the development of policies and regulations related to cryptocurrency in Indonesia and to encourage greater public participation in this investment ecosystem.
Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas Marditia, April Yanto
This research aims to analyze the regulatory model for implementing smart contracts in commercial contracts in Indonesia and conduct comparative studies with other countries such as Singapore, England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy.Smart contracts and electronic instructions executed automatically in a blockchain network provide security, efficiency, and transparency advantages.This research uses a normative juridical approach with comparative legal methods.Data was collected through literature study and analysis of related legal documents.This research found that in Indonesia, regulations related to smart contracts are still in the development stage, and no specific regulations regulate their implementation in detail.However, the use of blockchain technology underlying smart contracts has begun to be recognized by the relevant authorities.The research results show that regulations in the countries compared are more advanced in accommodating the use of smart contracts.Singapore, for example, has developed various guidelines and policies supporting this technology's application in multiple sectors.The UK has also recognized the legal validity of smart contracts through reports and guidance issued by the Law Commission.In the Netherlands, traditional contract law principles are applied to smart contracts with some adjustments.Switzerland, known as the "Crypto Valley" of Zug, has adopted regulations that support blockchain technology innovation.Italy has also passed legislation providing smart contracts' legal definition and status.This research concludes that Indonesia needs to develop more comprehensive and specific regulations regarding innovative agreements to accommodate the development of this technology and provide legal certainty for parties involved in digital transactions following applicable legal principles.
Non-fungible Token (NFT) merupakan sebuah inovasi baru yang muncul akibat adanya revolusi digital yang terus berkembang. NFT adalah item seni digital yang diperdagangkan dan sering kali dibeli menggunakan cryptocurrency. Setiap NFT mempunyai catatan transaksi dalam blockchain. Dokumen ini memuat informasi tentang harga, riwayat kepemilikan, dan penciptanya. Berkembangnya teknologi berbagai alat dapat dipakai untuk memitigasi risiko pelanggaran hak cipta, seperti enkripsi, tanda air digital, dan teknologi blockchain. Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan Undang- Undang No. 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE) adalah undang-undang yang mengatur karya seni digital. Pasal 15B UUHC menegaskan bahwa izin dari pemegang hak cipta diperlukan sebelum penggunaan karya melalui teknologi informasi dan transmisi data. Dalam penulisan ini penulis menganalisis dengan identifikasi masalah yaitu bagaimana aturan perlindungan hukum karya seni aset digital dengan nilai NFT dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, bagaimana akibat hukum pelaksanaan NFT bagi pemegang hak cipta dihubungkan dengan aturan hak cipta dan ITE dan bagaimana penyelesaian permasalahan NFT dihubungkan dengan UUHC. Metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini dengan menggunakan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis, yaitu metode yang menggambarkan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku lalu memiliki keterkaitan dengan teori-teori hukum dengan metode Yuridis Normatif. Untuk data yang digunakan yaitu data primer berupa data lapangan serta data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur. Pada tahap penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian klasifikasi dan analisis data yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah penulis analisis menunjukan kesimpulan bahwa, khususnya mengenai kasus Kendra Ahimsa ini di negara Indonesia hingga saat ini masih dalam tahap merumuskan regulasi yang mengatur secara khusus mengenai NFT, sehingga masih terdapat ketidakpastian hukum dan tantangan dalam perlindungan hak cipta digital. Meskipun di Indonesia memiliki Undang-Undang No. 28 tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik akan tetapi undang-undang tersebut belum terdapat pengaturan secara detail mengenai NFT masih terdapat kekosongan regulasi khusus yang mengatur NFT secara komprehensif. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Non-Fungible Token, Hak Cipta