Gongfan Chen, Min Liu, Huaming Li, Simon M. Hsiang · 5 authors
Establishing a fair benefit distribution system for construction projects, in which participants often need to work together in a highly uncertain and interrelated environment, is challenging. There is a lack of objective mechanism for construction projects to motivate reliable workflow automatically and instantly. The objective of this study is to develop Shapley value–based smart contracts to automatically assign fair rewards/penalties to motivate task-level collaborations. The research first developed a simulation model to quantify subcontractors’ marginal contributions under different coalitional scenarios. Then, the simulation results were aggregated using Shapley value to determine each participant’s reasonable rewards/penalties. Lastly, the payment was encoded in the smart contract and then deployed in the blockchain to self-enforce consensus executions. The results showed that Shapley value–based smart contracts exhibited incentives to motivate reliable contributions and enable peer negotiations to realize task-level production. The contributions of this study to the body of knowledge are (1) quantify subcontractors’ marginal contributions to the project, and (2) determine how to distribute fair collaborative outcomes when project participants can perform at different levels of effort. The incentives embedded in smart contracts can reshape project participants’ collaborative behaviors toward desired outcomes, enabling a self-manage, self-govern, and self-adjust decentralized autonomous organization.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to bridge diversiform service functions and heterogeneous network components. Although the Web3 and blockchain have been regarded as pioneers to retrieve the power and rights from current and future Internet giants, there are still many serious integration issues if information centric mechanisms are enabled. In this article, we establish a system for Reliable Decentralized Networks (RDN) to enhance the capability of content privacy protection based on smart collaborative theory. Possible solutions are explored to create compatible IoT environment when massive data packets have been exposed and shared in complex scenarios. Specifically, we first present common cyberattack approaches inspired by well-known service patterns and typical network characteristics. The information centric requirements are investigated to reduce the leakage risk of existing procedures, which provides necessary repertoire for implementations. The details of RDN design and deployment include target content classifications, representative combination analysis, caching pattern identifications, and so on. Finally, we validate the RDN prototype to illustrate endogenous advantages and potential utilities.
In a distributed peer-to-peer network, blockchain technology enables the secure transmission of digital assets.This is done based on intellectual agreement capabilities.Indeed, blockchain world has developed into a tool for managing transversal processes on an unbiased platform.Process mining has evolved as a well-known toolkit for comprehending different organization processes.Recently, researchers developed strategies for resolving the issue of collecting reliable data gathered from blockchains in order to improve the examination of blockchain applications employing process mining.There is yet to be a clear assessment of the utility of process mining on public blockchain event logs.In this paper, we will validate the applicability of process mining on public blockchain event logs by treating ChickenHunt data set.ChickenHunt is a competitive game that is operated as a Decentralized application on Ethereum blockchain network.
Abstract Distributed Ledger technology (DLT) has recently emerged as a disruptive system with a wide range of applicability, with prospect to improve societal interactions at large. In virtual enterprise (VE) context researchers and practitioners have started to investigate the deployment of DLT to automate the processing of data and implementation of decisions to support the provision of digital services. Although academic interest in this domain is growing, a practical analysis of DLT from a governance perspective is still lacking to date. Accordingly, this study aims to fill this gap and provide implications related to decentralized governance of DLT. This article develops an architectural governance-by-design framework that defines the governance of DLT as a combination of architectural layers and governance of DLT dimensions. Design science is employed, and IOTA tangle an open-source DLT which employs a decentralized asynchronous network is deployed to evaluate the applicability of the developed architectural governance-by-design framework through qualitative interviews and literature inquiry. The findings confirm the developed architectural governance-by-design framework and offer a shared discussion and insight surrounding the topic of governance of DLT. The findings also identify limitations associated with governance of DLT solutions and proposes policy recommendations to be used as guidelines for practitioners to improve the adoption of DLT to accelerate VE digitalization.
Ge Wang, Rui Qin, Juanjuan Li, Fei–Yue Wang · 6 authors
This article proposes a novel parallel management mode based on decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) for enterprises by utilizing the artificial systems, computational experiments, parallel execution (ACP) approach, parallel intelligence theory, and blockchain technologies, to realize the distributed management of an enterprise. The artificial enterprise DAO (EnDAO) corresponding to the actual enterprise is constructed, and they constitute a parallel system via virtual–real interaction and parallel execution. Through the non-fungible token (NFT)-based incentive mechanism, metaverse-based virtual learning and training, as well as DAO-based distributed management and decision-making, the management and control of the actual enterprise as well as its employees can be carried out. By virtue of the virtual–real interactions of three types of employees, as well as the virtual–real feedback of three closed loops in the parallel systems, DAO-based parallel management for enterprises can realize descriptive intelligence, predictive intelligence, and prescriptive intelligence. On this basis, this article takes the recruitment-oriented key performance indicator (KPI) management of a startup technology enterprise as the case to introduce the operation processes and illustrate the superiorities of the proposed DAO-based enterprise parallel management mode.
Tämä kandidaatintyö on kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka käsittelee hajautettua autonomista organisaatiota (Decentralized Autonomous Organization, DAO). Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, mikä on hajautettu autonominen organisaatio, miten se toimii ja millaisia hyötyjä sen avulla voidaan saavuttaa, erityisesti liiketoiminnassa. Työssä eritellään hajautettujen autonomisten organisaatioiden ominaisuuksia ja niiden pohjalta saavutettavia hyötyjä. Työ esittelee jo olemassa olevia hajautettuja autonomisia organisaatioita sekä pohtii konseptin mahdollisuuksia tulevaisuudessa. Tässä yhteydessä käsitellään myös hajautettujen autonomisten organisaatioiden haasteita ja rajoitteita. Lohkoketjujen ja DAO:n tekniseen toteutukseen liittyvät seikat on jätetty työssä tarkastelun ulkopuolelle. Digitalisaation myötä organisaatiot kohtaavat kasvavan paineen sopeutua nopeasti muuttuvaan ympäristöön. Ympäristön kilpailullisuuden lisääntyminen lisää entisestään painetta tehokkaiden toimintatapojen löytämiselle. Nykyisten organisaatioiden keskitetty hallintorakenne luo haasteita skaalautuvuudelle, tehokkuudelle ja automaattisten prosessien hyödyntämiselle. Keskeisimpänä haasteena perinteisissä organisaatioissa on kuitenkin riippuvuus luottamusta vaativasta keskitetystä hallinnosta. Lohkoketjuteknologia ja sen päälle rakennetut hajautetut autonomiset organisaatiot mahdollistavat mullistavia uusia tapoja organisoitumiselle. Lohkoketjuteknologia on teknologisen kehityksen merkittävimpiä uusia harppauksia. Se mahdollistaa aivan uuden tavan organisoitua: älysopimusten avulla rakennetut hajautetut autonomiset organisaatiot. Älysopimukset toimivat hajautettujen autonomisten organisaatioiden rakennuspalikkana. Ne ovat ennalta määriteltyjen ehtojen pohjalta automaattisesti itsensä toteuttavia ohjelmia, jotka toimivat lohkoketjuissa. DAO toimii hajautetun luonteensa ansiosta täysin riippumattomasti luottamuksellisesta kolmannesta osapuolesta. Ominaisuuksiensa vuoksi se tuo mullistavan uuden tavan organisoitua ja hallita tulevaisuuden liiketoimintaa. Hajautetun autonomisen organisaation merkittävimpiä ominaisuuksia ovat hajautuneisuus, itseohjautuvuus, avoimuus, anonyymius, muuttumattomuus ja tehokas yhteentoimivuus. Näiden pitkälti lohkoketjuteknologian pohjalta periytyvien DAO:n ominaisuuksien myötä syntyy merkittäviä hyötyjä liiketoiminnalle. Hajautetun rahoituksen palvelut ovat tällä hetkellä suurin DAO:n mahdollistama toimiala. Riippumattomuus pankeista tai suurista organisaatioista, palveluiden turvallisuus ja läpinäkyvyys sekä jäsenten mahdollisuus vaikuttaa organisaation hallintaan ovat suurimpia saavutettuja hyötyjä. Myös korkea likviditeetti, tehokkuus ja avoin mahdollisuus osallistua protokollien toimintaan ovat merkittäviä saavutettuja hyötyjä. Haasteita DAO:n toiminnalle tuo tiedon ja regulaation puute, sekä toteutuksen tekninen haastavuus.
Abstract Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets based on blockchain technology that are increasingly being used for various applications in organizations. Given NFTs’ unique technological features, we posit that traditional, centralized organizations can adopt them to introduce novel solutions to the fundamental problems of organizing, namely, division of labor and integration of efforts. We examine the prospects and promises of NFT-enabled organization design and suggest how organizations can navigate its potential hurdles. We discuss critical boundary conditions for the deployment of NFTs in organization design and conclude by articulating how our Point of View article contributes to scholarship on blockchain technology and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs).
Current infrastructure construction is the key of the national policy, along with the expansion of business areas, branch subsidiary is more, the traditional enterprise management system more difficult to adapt to the subsidiary, branch, distribution is more decentralized management needs of enterprise, the management of construction enterprises difficult to ascend, mainly reflected in operation of separation of goods. Financial sharing center is one of the methods to promote the integration of industry and finance and improve the efficiency of enterprise management. The cost accounting process is an important business process in the construction process. This paper optimizes the cost accounting business process of construction enterprises based on the financial sharing center, so as to improve the informatization and standardization level of construction enterprises, enhance the integration level of industry and finance, and improve the efficiency of cost management.
The Ph.D research project aims to explore the potential of the Decentralized Autonomous Organization paradigm in conjunction with classic software architectures for Artificial Intelligence applications. The intended goal is to investigate and formalize a possible integration path between Multi-agent System architectures and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations. Starting from the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents standards, we will extend basic primitives to integrate Multi-agent Systems on Distributed Ledger Technology networks. Possible deployment of services and applications in the Internet-of-Things, Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Machine Learning areas will be tested. Application of Data Analysis techniques on datasets built on such a framework will be also addressed.
Lam Duc Nguyen, Arne Bröring, Massimo Pizzol, Petar Popovski
In recent years, industrial manufacturing has undergone massive technological changes that embrace digitalization and automation towards the vision of intelligent manufacturing plants. With the aim of maximizing efficiency and profitability in production, an important goal is to enable flexible manufacturing, both, for the customer (desiring more individualized products) and for the manufacturer (to adjust to market demands). Manufacturing-as-a-service can support this through manufacturing plants that are used by different tenants who utilize the machines in the plant, which are offered by different providers. To enable such pay-per-use business models, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a viable option to establish decentralized trust and traceability. Thus, in this paper, we study potential DLT technologies for efficient and intelligent integration of DLT-based solutions in manufacturing environments. We propose a general framework to adapt DLT in manufacturing, and then we introduce the use case of shared manufacturing, which we utilize to study the communication and computation efficiency of selected DLTs in resource-constrained wireless IoT networks.
Bastian Pokorni, Erdem Geleç, Stephan Verhasselt, Stefanie Findeisen
Pharmaceutical packaging processes are changing drastically in their characteristics from low order-mix with high volumes to a situation with a high order-mix with low volumes due to increasing individualization of products. This requires highly flexible automation concepts on the one hand and very flexible work organizations on the other. As part of Industry 4.0, a wide range of technologies are being researched and implemented. The work organization in the production of the future remains insufficiently researched. The performance potential of self-directed and agile teams has been confirmed in the field of knowledge work. The importance of self-direction and autonomous work teams has been emphasized in lean manufacturing in the past, but there is a lack of practical examples of how such organizational forms can look and which potentials can be realized regarding productivity, flexibility and employee satisfaction. Based on concepts of decentralized decision-making, shop-floor workers are empowered to take responsibility for the organization and control of processes. This paper presents a case study in which the planning and implementation of self-directed and agile teams in production was realized.
DELTA is a project funded by the Valencian Institute for Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). DELTA project is aimed at bringing companies closer to the use of different disruptive technologies such as Blockchain / Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT). To achieve its goal, DELTA will provide: A software tool for automating the deployment of DLT networks, regardless of the number of required nodes, or the process of joining an existing network. A modular mechanism that allows the synchronization of DLTs with databases. The goal of this mechanism is to ease and improve the way data is retrieved from a DLT ledger. An accountability tool for shared environments for the exchange of services that brings in some of the most important characteristics of blockchain/DLTs: facilitating auditing and accountability by each participant, use of tokens, etc. This document corresponds to a poster of the project as one of the dissemination activities.
This paper introduces the background, concept and definition of the Industry Commons. It initiates a discussion on the positioning of the Industry Commons Ecosystem (ICE) with respect to current research directions in advanced manufacturing and production systems that shape advances in engineering and technology, novel business models and innovation breakthroughs. The potential value of data sharing across industrial domains is estimated at over $100 billion, particularly in view of optimising manufacturing processes. Data sharing across domains however faces a series of well-documented challenges associated with the lack of semantic interoperability and related standards, management of trust and sustainability. Solving bottlenecks in data sharing requires a systemic approach to data management, which can account for all aspects of data use, levels of application, attribution and dynamic exchanges. In this paper we propose a high-level ecosystem approach that integrates societal values with digital affordances of industry’s cognitive-assisted processes, remote interfacing, hybrid applications and large-scale value networks. Early development of an Ontology Commons EcoSystem (OCES) is presented as the key enabling framework for Industry Commons interoperability and a series of enabling frameworks form the basis of future research directions in Trusted Data Sharing and Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management for greater sustainability.Abbreviations: AI – Artificial Intelligence; AIOTI – Alliance of Internet-of-Things Innovation; ALM – Asset Lifecycle Management; ALO – Application-Level Ontology; AP – Application Protocol; API – Application Programming Interface; B2B – Business-to-Business; B2C – Business-to-Customer; CDE – Cross-Domain Ecosystem; CDEI – Cross-Domain Ecosystem Interoperability; CL2M – Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management; CNO – Collaborative Networked Organisations; CPS – Cyber-Physical Systems; CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility; DLO – Domain-Level Ontology; DLT – Distributed Ledger Technology; EM – Enterprise Modelling; FAIR – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable; GUI – Graphical User Interface; ICE, Industry Commons Ecosystem; IOF – Industrial Ontology Foundry; IP – Intellectual Property; IPR – Intellectual Property Rights; ISN – Intertwined Supply Network; MIR – Music Information Retrieval; MLO – Middle-Level Ontology; MO – Meta-Ontology; OCES – Ontology Commons EcoSystem; PI – Physical Internet; PLM – Product Lifecycle Management; ROI – Return-on-Investment; SC – Supply Chain; SCM – Supply Chain Management; SOS – System-of-Systems; TDS – Trusted Data Sharing; TLO – Top-Level Ontology; TRO – Top Reference Ontology; TUI – Tangible User Interface.
Nikola Todorović, Marko Vještica, Nenad Todorović, Vladimir Dimitrieski · 5 authors
Due to strong competition and rapidly shifting market conditions, it is becoming harder for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to achieve business success. To deal with rising challenges, SMEs form Virtual Organizations (VOs) and seize business opportunities jointly. In this paper, we present an outline of a novel methodological approach that promotes trustworthy collaborative production execution within a non-hierarchical VO. Furthermore, we propose using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) platforms and smart contracts to facilitate VO integration. The approach is based on the MultiProLan Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) extended with concepts required to allow process designers to (i) model collaborative production processes while preserving the confidentiality of private enterprise data and (ii) configure what data should be shared between participants during the collaborative production execution. Designed process models are used to automatically generate smart contracts by following the Model-Driven (MD) principles. Finally, generated smart contracts are stored in a DLT network and used to distribute production data between VO participants and monitor production execution in near real-time. The application of our methodological approach is demonstrated by showcasing the use of the Collaborative Extension of MultiProLan (CE-MultiProLan) modeling language and its concepts for modeling collaborative production processes.
Block chain is a technology Such as mathematics, algorithms, cryptography and economic models Developed using a combination of different techniques. The Black Chain is all digital and decentralized is the general ledger of crypto currenc y transactions. Block chain is posts or all is a database of transactions or digital events Public ledgers are a database that is activated and shared between participants. In the company of each transaction in a public parade Verified with the consensus of the majority of participants. Also, once logged in, Information can never be erased. Made so far on the Black Chain There is a specific and verifiable record of each transaction. Bit coin, decentralized probing digital currency, for the use of block chain technology The most famous example. Bit coin, the digital currency, is highly controversial, But the basic block chain technology Flawless, it is pervasive Detected applications. The world of operating finance and finance. These white papers are some specific applications of block chain technology Describes the financial and non-financial sectors. We see challenges and business opportunities in this basic technology; it is ready to revolutionize our digital world..
Purpose This study investigates the competencies required for quality management professionals to meet the needs of industry 4.0. The authors use a case study strategy at an electronics manufacturer in southern Malaysia, to adapt their role to be relevant in the industry 4.0 environment. In doing so, this study answers the following four questions: (1) How are the changing technological trends expected to impact the future role of quality in industry 4.0? (2) What are the competencies gap between current and future roles of quality professionals? (3) What are the views and practices related to quality roles? (4) How can the gaps identified be closed to meet the quality challenges of industry 4.0? Design/methodology/approach The research methods consist of a comprehensive review of literature on the technological trends towards industry 4.0 and the impact on the role of quality and competence that may be required in the future, as well as internal document review on the current roles of quality professionals in an electronics manufacturer in southern Malaysia, to identify the competence gap. Empirical data was collected based on surveys conducted on 64 quality professionals with a response rate of 96.88%. Interviews were conducted on three decision-makers from critical areas in the electronics manufacturer for viewpoints from three different perspectives: finance, operations and talent development. Findings Quality professionals will require technical competencies to interpret large amounts of data from processes to make strategic decisions, the use of new AR tools and be aware of data security risks. Methodological competencies will be required to use data to identify the source of problems, to access reliable sources of learning and the ability to use new tools for solving complex problems efficiently. Social competencies will be required in communications across multi-sites, suppliers and customers in new collaborative virtual platforms, with the ability to retain tacit and explicit knowledge, in a decentralized environment that will require leadership ability to make decisions. Personal competencies required will be the ability to work in a flexible workplace and time and more frequent work-related changes. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the study is based on what the authors currently know of the future, which may not be much for the quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer, who have not been exposed much to the technology yet. The potential for the future landscape to change dramatically with rapid technology changes may also result in a different set of skills for future quality professionals. The quality professionals who were involved in this study were the quality executives, engineers and managers, irrespective of their gender, age, length of service and experience in the field of quality. Therefore, these variables were not taken into consideration for this research. Practical implications This research helped to identify the role of quality in industry 4.0 and key competencies that the quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer will require to adapt to their role in industry 4.0. However, based on the questionnaire and the interview comments of key personnel, it can be concluded that quality professionals lack awareness of their new roles in industry 4.0. This could be due to the fact that the new technology is not implemented by quality professionals but by the innovation team based in Singapore headquarters, as was also advised by the operations head. Social implications The benefit of industry 4.0 technology is clearly shown by Philips's new Dutch factory with robotized technology that was able to produce the same output with one-tenth of the workers of its China factory (Rifkin, 2014, chapter 8). Rojko (2017, p. 80) also shared a similar view that industry 4.0 is expected to reduce production costs by 10–30%, logistics costs by 10–30% and quality management costs by 10–20%. The importance of this research can be seen from the findings of “The Future of Jobs” (2018, p. 22), which suggests that the window of opportunity for organizations to leverage the new technology to re-skill is within the period of 2018–2022, in order to enable employees to reach full potential in the high value-added tasks. The electronics manufacturer may need to keep to this timeline to maintain its competitive advantage. Originality/value The purpose of this paper was to determine the competence gap of current quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer with the competencies required in industry 4.0. This led to the third objective, to identify the views of stakeholders based on the propositions derived from the gaps identified, to triangulate the findings, to conclude the competency gaps of the current quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer. Finally, the objective of this paper was to make a recommendation on how to prepare the quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer for their role in industry 4.0. The research identified the technical, methodological, social and personal competencies gap of the quality professionals in the electronics manufacturer by looking at the changes expected in industry 4.0 from four aspects, factory (people and process), business, product and customers.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globalisation, shorter product life cycles, and increasing product varieties have led to complex \nsupply chains. At the same time, there is a growing interest by customers and governments in \nhaving a greater transparency of brands, manufacturers, and producers throughout the supply \nchain. Due to the complex structure of collaborative manufacturing networks, the increase in \nsupply chain transparency is a challenge for manufacturing companies. Distributed ledger \ntechnologies offer an innovative solution to increase the transparency, security, authenticity, \nand auditability of products. However, there are still uncertainties when applying the \ndistributed ledger technology to manufacturing scenarios and thus enable all stakeholders to \ntrace the audit history of each component of an assembled product. This research work \nproposes a framework to increase the transparency and auditability of products in collaborative \nmanufacturing networks by adopting the distributed ledger technology. The framework \nconsiders the challenges of manufacturing supply chains with the opportunities of distributed \nledger technologies and combines them in a conceptual implementation process of supply chain \nmanagement systems. In this context, each component of a product is represented by a unique \nvirtual identity generated by distributed ledger-based smart contracts. These virtual identities \ncan only be sent and merged if defined conditions specified in smart contracts are met. This \nenables all physical processes and their dependencies to be mapped in the distributed ledger. \nThe results, based on a practical implementation of the framework, show that a transparent \nauditability of assembled products and all the components they consist of can be achieved. \nApplications based on the proposed framework can currently only enable real-time tracking \nreliably in permissioned networks. The implementation on a permissionless network provides \nfull transparency for all stakeholders including the customer, while the implementation on a \npermissioned network only provides a restricted transparency for the customers.
Blockchain technology establishes an ecosystem in IoT that is creditworthy among the participants for high-security requirements. However, there has not been comprehensive researches done on the blockchain in IoT nor its application potential in Project management. The objectives of this research are to investigate the role of blockchain in IoT and to identify prospective applications of blockchain technology in project management. Both IoT and project management require the secured data transmission and effective yet efficient data management. The blockchain-based technology can be applied in the areas of IoT and project management because it can provide immutability, transparency between users in a complex system. This research needs to be extended to build a prototype open-source blockchain-based project management application.
Open access
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing