Blockchain Papers

Matthew Brulhardt, Magnus Wiese

No abstract is available for this record.

Irene Aldridge

No abstract is available for this record.

Lukas Nee, Gurjot Singh Gaba, Andrei Gurtov

The integration of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has empowered modern vehicles with the ability to communicate with one another for better cooperation on the roads. However, the communication between vehicles exposes the whole intelligent transportation system to new attack vectors. Malicious vehicles can spread misleading information, which, if acted upon, might result in traffic congestion, accidents, chaos, and even fatalities. As a countermeasure, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposes a framework, TR 103 460, for reporting abnormal behavior. However, there are many shortcomings, such as the absence of a peer-to-peer (P2P) misbehavior reporting (MR) service and the inability to secure the reporter's identity and reported information. To protect vehicles from abuse, we propose a P2P non-interactive zero-knowledge proof-based privacy-preserving MR framework. Upon testing, we found that the proposed framework prevented the disclosure of the reporter's identity and information and reduced the ITS-Stations' (ITS-Ss) exposure to misbehavior by 67.7% and 79.2% in suburban and highway traffic scenarios, respectively.

Morteza Alizadeh, Karl Andersson, Olov Schelén

Decentralized identification is an interesting topic for Internet-based systems. Although the use of centralized systems for identification is prevalent, there is still a need for decentralized identification systems that do not rely on a centralized entity. We propose using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to fulfill the needs. Although DLT and Distributed Hash Table (DHT) can be used as technologies in Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), immutability and the growth of transactions are still challenging. This paper investigates DIDs under the W3C standard and DLT-based technology as one of the solutions for verifiable data registries in DIDs. We evaluate our proposed solution by comparing three models wrt. query time for verifiable data registries. Our proposed architecture for data registry achieves better query time by concealing old transactions from the main DLT.

Liguan Wang, Yuan Li, Haibin Kan

No abstract is available for this record.

Gözde Ayşe Tataroğlu Özbulak

This PhD project proposes the theoretical and technological foundations of an approach for decentralized processing of streaming knowledge graphs, where autonomous reasoners may combine individual and collective processing of continuous data. These decentralized stream processors shall be capable of sharing not only data stream knowledge, but also processing duties, using collaboration and negotiation protocols. Moreover, commonly agreed semantic vocabularies will be used to address the high dynamicity of reasoners' knowledge and goals. The approach proposed in this project goes beyond previous works on stream reasoning, enabling the self-organization and coordination among distributed stream reasoners, based on techniques and principles inspired by Multi-Agent systems. On the one hand, it adds the ability to explicate processing goals, capabilities and knowledge, while on the other it exploits potential ways of interconnecting them in ways that expand their combined capacity/efficacy for managing highly dynamic flows of streaming knowledge. Through this approach, efficient local stream processors can establish cooperative processing schemes, respecting data privacy restrictions and data locality requirements through the exchange of streaming Knowledge Graphs.

Haralampos Gavriilidis, Kaustubh Beedkar, Jorge-Arnulfo Quiané-Ruiz, Volker Markl

Today’s organizations utilize a plethora of heterogeneous and autonomous DBMSes, many of those being spread across different geo-locations. It is therefore crucial to have effective and efficient cross-database query processing capabilities. We present XDB, an efficient middleware system that runs cross-database analytics over existing DBMSes. In contrast to traditional query processing systems, XDB does not rely on any mediating execution engine to perform cross-database operations (e.g., joining data from two DBMSes). It delegates an entire query execution including cross-database operations to underlying DBMSes. At its core, it comprises an optimizer and a delegation engine: the optimizer rewrites cross-database queries into a delegation plan, which captures the semantics as well as the mechanics of a fully decentralized query execution; the delegation engine then deploys the plan to the underlying DBMSes via their declarative interfaces. Our experimental study based on the TPC-H benchmark data shows that XDB outperforms state-of-the-art systems (Garlic and Presto) by up to 6× in terms of runtime and up to 3 orders of magnitude in terms of data transfer.

Authors unavailable

Because of its potential to upend established industries and alter how apps are developed, run, used, and promoted in the near future, blockchain technology has recently gained growing interest on a global scale.Although this technology was initially intended to be an immutable and distributed ledger for avoiding cryptocurrency double spending, it is currently anticipated to serve as the main support system for businesses by facilitating interoperability and collaboration across firms.In this setting, consortium blockchains have come to light as an intriguing architectural idea that makes use of the decentralized governance of public blockchains while gaining the efficiency and anonymity of private blockchains for transactions.Despite the fact that blockchain technology has been the subject of several research, the idea of consortium blockchains has received very little attention in the literature.This article offers a thorough examination of consortium blockchains' topologies, technological underpinnings, and applications in order to close this gap.

Matthew Cushman

A novel data structure that enables the storage and retrieval of linear array numeric data with logarithmic time complexity updates, range sums, and rescaling is introduced and studied. Computing sums of ranges of arrays of numbers is a common computational problem encountered in data compression, coding, machine learning, computational vision, and finance, among other fields. Efficient data structures enabling log n updates of the underlying data (including range updates), queries of sums over ranges, and searches for ranges with a given sum have been extensively studied (n being the length of the array). Two solutions to this problem are well-known: Fenwick trees (also known as Binary Indexed Trees) and Segment Trees. The new data structure extends the capabilities for the first time to further enable multiplying (rescaling) ranges of the underlying data by a scalar as well in log n. Scaling by 0 can be enabled, with the effect that subsequent updates may take (log n)2time. The new data structure introduced here consists of a pair of interacting Fenwick tree-like structures, one of which holds the unscaled values and the other of which holds the scalars. Experimental results demonstrating performance improvements for the multiplication operation on arrays from a few dozen to over 30 million data points are discussed. This research was done as part of Ajna Labs in the course of developing a decentralized finance protocol. It enables an efficient on-chain encoding and processing of an order book-like data structure used to manage lending, interest, and collateral.

Muhammad Ali Abid, Farhan Amin, Muhammad Zeeshan

Abstract An emerging approach that addresses data heterogeneity challenges is the mediator-based architecture allowing transparent access to the data stored in many sources. Due to the growing diversity of data sources, the data integration process becomes a performance and administrative bottleneck. When dealing with decentralized heterogeneous data sources, the mediator-based technique is typically used to integrate the data. It describes a collection of applications that follow a number of data sources. The importance of analyzing and synthesizing the collected data has lately increased for academics researching autonomous and heterogeneous software systems. This study uses a mediator-based information integration model to improve pattern-based reasoning and overcome grammatical problems with integrating diverse information from web sources (IATs). The main goal of this study is to improve the mediator design for usage in the mediator-based information integration paradigm in order to address the problems caused by syntactic heterogeneity. Using our recommended methodology and enhancement strategy, the proposed technique would choose the pertinent domain from a variety of vendor-related data sources and antiquated file systems and deliver the necessary information set from heterogeneous data sources. Our suggested extended design functions well in the online bookstore as well, where there are several data sources and antiquated file systems. Future applications of this research include providing a thorough syntactic method that must be used to integrate data from various sources within the same organization into any Executive Support System (ESS).

Nikos Kefalakis, Aikaterini Roukounaki, John Soldatos, Mauro Isaja

This chapter presents a dynamic and programmable distributed data analytics solution for industrial environments. The solution includes an edge analytics engine for analytics close to the field and in line with the edge computing paradigm. Each edge analytics engine instance is flexible and dynamically configurable based on an Analytics Manifest (AM). It is also based on distributed ledger technologies for configuring analytics tasks that span multiple edge nodes and instances of the edge analytics engine. In particular, it leverages ledger services for synchronizing and combining various AMs in factory wide analytics tasks. Based on these mechanisms, the presented distributed data analytics infrastructure is therefore flexible, configurable, dynamic and resilient. Moreover, it is open source and provides Open APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that enable access to its functionalities. These features make it unique and valuable for vendors and integrators of industrial automation solutions.

Alexander Thomasian

No abstract is available for this record.

VIROVETS D.V., OBUSHNYI S.M.

The subject of the study. The effective functioning of decentralized autonomous organizations<br> (DAOs) is associated with moving from the digital level to the real level in order to find or provide<br> information and communicate with the real environment. Obtaining or transmitting necessary<br> information about certain real–world facts, or information from other digital databases that cannot<br> interact directly with the DAO, is provided through oracles as intermediaries between decentralized<br> databases and real–world events.<br> Results of work. In this article, we consider the oracle as a tool for collecting information for DAO,<br> able to ensure transition of information from the unstable and unsecured physical world in the digital<br> environment of blockchain technology, where information acquires new characteristics and values.<br> Oracle, as a tool with a function of information delivery, combines the functions of finding the necessary<br> information with the functions of ensuring the authenticity and encryption of data in the required format.<br> Conclusions. This article gives a general understanding of the concept of the oracle, and its<br> significance for the work of DAO, as well as development of digital projects built using blockchain<br> technology. Classification of oracles for work with DAO is also given together with characteristics of<br> their possible role for organization of data supply. In addition, the possibility of building a DAO with oracle<br> functions to perform non–standard tasks for the transportation and adaptation of information for<br> various purposes in a blockchain environment is considered. The article also presents main problems<br> that may arise in interactions of oracles with DAO, and suggests possible solutions.

Ramy Gouiaa, Farouk Hdhili, Marc Jansen

No abstract is available for this record.

Thomas Osterland, Thomas Rose

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) has been designed to ensure the correctness and integrity of transaction and process management. A ledger maintains records of data transactions as well as assures the correct execution of processes attached to data. Consistency across processes and parties is achieved by means of consensus building. However, scalability is a major concern when and significant amounts of data need confirmation. When digitalizing existing business processes with serious amounts of data, scalability becomes a pivotal objective. Hence, technical means for information compression become a vital asset. This paper presents a novel approach for data aggregation. On the one hand, data are aggregated in order to merely maintain an audit certificate of the aggregate on the ledger. On the other hand, provenance of raw data aggregated can be traced and proven correctly. Hence, audit services for information exchange in business relationships can scale, while raw data of supplier parties must not be unveiled in detail. We present a novel architecture for efficient data aggregation, while ensuring smart contracts and their main functionality of processing relevant process data. German waterway transportation serves as evaluation scenario. Moreover, decentral identity management is introduced as anchor element of our DLT-enabled ecosystem for business collaboration. Hence, preserving sovereignty and safety of personal data can be assured for M2M economies.

Kostas Messanakis, Petros Demetrakopoulos, Yannis Kotidis

No abstract is available for this record.

Suthee Ruangwises, Toshiya Itoh

No abstract is available for this record.

Kevin Wittek, Dominik Krakau, Neslihan Wittek, James H. Lawton · 5 authors

Proof of Existence as a blockchain service has first been published in 2013 as a public notary service on the Bitcoin network and can be used to verify the existence of a particular file in a specific point of time without sharing the file or its content itself. This service is also available on the Ethereum based bloxberg network, a decentralized research infrastructure that is governed, operated and developed by an international consortium of research facilities. Since it is desirable to integrate the creation of this proof tightly into the research workflow, namely the acquisition and processing of research data, we show a simple to integrate MATLAB extension based solution with the concept being applicable to other programming languages and environments as well.

Alessandro Coglio

Recursive Length Prefix (RLP) is used to encode a wide variety of data in Ethereum, including transactions. The work described in this paper provides a formal specification of RLP encoding and a verified implementation of RLP decoding, developed in the ACL2 theorem prover. This work has led to improvements to the Ethereum documentation and additions to the Ethereum test suite.

Ugarte-Rojas Hector, Chullo-Llave Boris

There are thousands of projects worldwide based primarily on blockchain technology. These have a large number of users and hundreds of use cases. One of the most popular is the use of cryptocurrencies and their benefits against money without intrinsic value (fiat money) and centralized financial solutions. However, although thousands of new transactions are carried out daily in different platforms, uniform and standardized information does not exist to be able to manage the large amount of data that is generated and exchanged between users through transactions and the generation of new blocks. This research reports the development of BLONDiE, an ontology that allows the semantic representation of knowledge to describe the native structure and related information of the three most relevant blockchain projects to date: Bitcoin, Ethereum and in the recent 1.0 version extends its definitions to include Hyperledger, specifically the Hyperledger Fabric infrastructure. Its use allows having common data formats of different platforms for further processing, such as the execution of semantic queries.

Muhammed F. Esgin, Ngoc Khanh Nguyen, Gregor Seiler

We propose a very fast lattice-based zero-knowledge proof system for exactly proving knowledge of a ternary solution \(\vec {s} \in \{-1,0,1\}^n\) to a linear equation \(A\vec {s}=\vec {u}\) over \(\mathbb {Z}_q\), which improves upon the protocol by Bootle, Lyubashevsky and Seiler (CRYPTO 2019) by producing proofs that are shorter by a factor of 8.

Antoni Olivé

No abstract is available for this record.

Kishore Gade

Data mesh architecture is revolutionizing the field of data analytics, offering a fresh approach to how organizations manage and utilize data. Traditionally, centralized data warehouses and data lakes have dominated the landscape, but as the volume and complexity of data grow, these systems struggle to keep pace. Data mesh breaks away from the centralized model by promoting a decentralized and domain-oriented approach, where individual teams take ownership of their data. This shift enables organizations to treat data as a product, with each domain team responsible for managing and serving their data assets. The goal is to make data more accessible and usable across the organization while reducing bottlenecks that occur in centralized systems. Implementing data mesh architecture has profound implications for data management. It encourages better data governance, scalability, and flexibility, while fostering innovation and collaboration. However, it also introduces challenges, such as ensuring consistency, standardization, and proper integration across domains. The success of a data mesh strategy depends on a strong cultural shift, requiring both technical infrastructure and organizational alignment to support autonomous teams. Ultimately, data mesh offers the promise of unlocking the full potential of data in large organizations by making it more agile, democratized, and efficient. By embracing this architecture, businesses can better respond to the increasing demands of modern data management and gain a competitive edge in the digital landscape.

Kwok-Bun Yue, Karthika Chandrasekar, Hema Gullapalli

No abstract is available for this record.