Blockchain Papers

SoonHyeong Jeong, Byeongtae Ahn

No abstract is available for this record.

Ajay Kumar Shrestha, Julita Vassileva, Sandhya Joshi, Jennifer Just

BACKGROUND: In the collaborative business environment, blockchain coupled with smart contract removes the reliance on a central system and offers data integrity which is crucial when the transacting parties rely on the shared data. The acceptance of such blockchain-based systems is necessary for the continued use of the services. Despite many extensive studies evaluating the performance of blockchain-based systems, few have focused on users' acceptance of real-life applications. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this research is to evaluate the user acceptance of a real-life blockchain-based system (BBS) by observing various latent variables affecting the development of users' attitudes and intention to use the system. It also aims to uncover the dimensions and role of trust, security and privacy alongside the primary Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-based predictors and their causal relationship with the users' behavior to adopt such BBS. METHODS: We tested the augmented TAM with Trust Model on a BBS that comprises two subsystems: a Shopping Cart System (SCS), a system oriented towards end-users and a Data Sharing System (DSS), a system oriented towards system administrators. We set research questions and hypotheses, and conducted online surveys by requesting each participant to respond to the questionnaire after using the respective system. The main study comprises two separate sub-studies: the first study was performed on SCS and the second on DSS. Furthermore, each study data comprises initial pre-test and post-test data scores. We analyzed the research model with partial least square structural equation modelling. RESULTS: The empirical study validates our research model and supports most of the research hypotheses. Based on our findings, we deduce that TAM-based predictors and trust constructs cannot be applied uniformly to BBS. Depending on the specifics of the BBS, the relationships between perceived trust antecedents and attitudes towards the system might change. For SCS, trust is the strongest determinant of attitudes towards system, while DSS has perceived privacy as the strongest determinant of attitudes towards system. Quality of system shows the strongest total effect on intention to use SCS, while perceived usefulness has the strongest total effect on intention to use DSS. Trust has a positive significant effect on users' attitudes towards both BSS, while security does not have any significant effect on users' attitudes toward BBS. In SCS, privacy positively affects trust, but security has no significant effect on trust, whereas, in DSS, both privacy and security have significant effects on trust. In both BBS, trust has a moderating effect on privacy that correlates with attitudes towards BBS, whereas security does not have any mediating role between privacy and attitudes towards BBS. Hence, we recommend that while developing BBS, particular attention should be paid to increasing user trust and perceived privacy.

Antonela Čižmešija, Neven Vrček

This paper analyzes the challenges for blockchain technology adoption in organizations. Exploratory literature review included 16 relevant papers that aren't related to blockchain and cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, but discussing primarily non-technical aspects of blockchain adoption in organizations. Since blockchain is a hype technology and its application outside the financial sector is not yet mature, challenges and theoretical models used in current research for examining technology adoption are explored. Guidelines for future research and application in practice are also disclosed so blockchain could reach its full potential in organizations.

Mohamad Abu Ghazaleh, Abdelrahim M. Zabadi

This study aims to explore the role of BC and its impact on CRM by suggesting an extended CRM on the basis of BC capabilities thru developing an analytic hierarchy planning-based framework to establish criteria weights developing a new self-assessment model to determine the most critical factors impacting the BC investment in CRM to enhance customer experience and to enable parties to work together in a trusted technology environment. An analytical hierarchical process (AHP) approach was utilized to prioritize and weigh the factors affecting the BC investment in modern CRM in the service industry based on the extant literature and its interpretation. This approach resulted in a ranking of 19 sub-factors based on experienced customer service professionals and technologists’ evaluations. Findings revealed a significant insight into proposing a new generation of CRM based on BCT, focusing on using the powerful BC platform considering all factors influencing the BC investment in modern CRM from a business perspective. Understanding the new combination of BC and CRM can solve the challenges and dilemmas linked to the untrusted environment of handling CRM data in the information systems field. This study provides valuable information and critical analysis of BC regarding CRM integration. Directions for future research are also included.

Minseong Kim

No abstract is available for this record.

Serdar Ögel, İlkin Yaran Ögel

Abstract Introduction: As internet and communication technologies are getting developed, the commercial transaction is becoming more electronic. This change also brings new approaches to new payment mechanisms like emergence of crypto currencies. They are virtual and digital currencies which can only be used in electronic environment but they are increasingly treated as a new payment and investment tool. Nevertheless, their use has not spread into the general public, yet. At this point, it will better to take the complex nature of the crypto currencies into consideration because it may still lead to some risks for people and the type of the risks perceived by consumers may influence their attitudes toward and intention to use crypto currencies. Aim: Accordingly, this study attempts to examine the interaction between perceived risk, attitudes toward and intention to use crypto currencies within the context of Bitcoin, as the first crypto currency. Method: This study was designed as a causal research. The sample of the study was reached by using convenience sampling method and data were collected with survey. The compiled data were tested with Structural Equation Model. Findings: A statistically significant and negative relationship was found between perceived financial, time and psychological risk and attitudes toward the use of Bitcoin, and a statistically significant and positive relationship was found between attitudes toward and intention to use Bitcoin. The findings of the study are expected to contribute to both relevant literature and practice by explaining the financial behavior of the individuals within the context of perceived risk theory.

Sung-Wone Choi, Sung-Mok Lee, Joong-Eon Koh, Hyunji Kim · 5 authors

본 연구는, 블록체인기술을 접목하여 개발된 게임들이 NFT 기반 게임아이템의 상호 운용성(Interoperability)을 통해 게임서비스의 성과증대와 신 모델 창출 등 비즈니스모델 혁신을 만들어 낼 수 있다는 점을 ‘플레이댑’ 플랫폼에 대한 실증사례 분석을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 연구를 통해, 블록체인게임의 기술적 혁신성은, 사회경제적, 산업생태계적인 거시적 관점에서 긍정적인 영향력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 게임 내 자산의 소유권 확보 및 이를 통한 새로운 사업모델의 창출을 통해, 참여개발사 와 플랫폼 제공사 등 기업의 차별화 및 고객편익 증대 부분에서 명확한 영향력을 만들어 내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Gülçin Büyüközkan, Gizem Tüfekçi

No abstract is available for this record.

Hee‐Sung Bae

Firms apply new technology to value creation. In particular, blockchain technology increases transparency and stability of shipping and logistics firms and this is connected with a high level of collaboration with shippers. In this regard, the objective of this study is to verify the interaction effect of information systems of shipping and logistics firms and managers’ support for blockchain technology on cooperation with shippers. To achieve the objective, this study identified variables based on prior research and analyzed the data collected by a survey. The results are as follows. First, information systems as a resource of shipping and logistics firms have a positive effect on cooperation with shippers. To enhance the strategic resource, they increase cooperation with shippers based on learning and logistics process improvement. Therefore, the relationship between the information systems and cooperation with shippers can be explained as a resource-based view. Second, there is the interaction effect of the information systems and managers’ support for blockchain technology on the cooperation and this can be explained as a resource-based view. Information systems are resources of shipping and logistics firms, and managers should encourage and reward staff for using new technology such as blockchains, followed by a high level of cooperation with shippers.

Ting‐Peng Liang, Rajiv Kohli, Hang-Chang Huang, Zonglin Li

Blockchain technology has the promise of transforming security and trust in digital transactions. However, concerns about technical complexity and the benefits of deployment have blunted its adoption. We examine factors that influence managerial intention to adopt blockchain technology. We extend the fit-viability model (FVM) and develop a value-based technology adoption model through an empirical study of 242 managers mostly in medical and financial industries. Managers in such organizations are likely to consider fit and viability in adopting blockchain technology to store and protect data. Drawing upon Fit-Viability and Task-Technology Fit models, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we test a model with Partial Least Squares (PLS) to assess managers’ intention to adopt blockchain technology. Our findings indicate that functional and symbolic benefits have positive impact on managers’ assessment of task-technology fit. Furthermore, viability is an important criterion in adopting blockchain technology.

Na Liu, Zuoliang Ye

Among the modern digital technologies that are reshaping many aspects of our society, blockchain is one of the most innovative, and this cutting-edge technology has drawn a great deal of public attention. However, little research is available on the actual effect of trust, which is a key core attraction for the blockchain technology. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the relationship between trust and user acceptance. In this paper, we develop a research model based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the core features of blockchain technology, and we conduct an empirical study. We collect 254 questionnaires about blockchain applications and analyse the responses with SmartPLS3.0. The results show that constructs such as trust and information quality have positive effects on the users’ behavioural intentions, except in terms of output quality. The findings have both theoretical significance and empirical insights, which will be helpful for the further development of blockchain theory while guiding the operation of relevant enterprises.

William Bodeis, George Corser

This paper examines the state of the research in the field of blockchain implementation and integration in healthcare. Seven papers retrieved from ACM Digital Library were classified into three categories, including adoption, implementation, and integration. Based on this brief literature review, we conclude blockchain adoption has been covered thoroughly. Our primary contribution is an up-to-date classification of current research papers in the field of blockchain technology in Healthcare. We also identify understudied research areas, potential areas for future research work. There may be a need for additional research in the areas of blockchain implementation and integration for healthcare systems.

Sukina Almekhlafi, Nagi Ali Al-Shaibany

Blockchain is an emerging technology that depends on distribution, decentralization, and encryption. Recently, it has gained wide interest in various fields of studies. Several considerable research on blockchain adoption has appeared in international journals across different disciplines, however, a review of literature on the adoption of blockchain remains rare. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive literature review of the current blockchain adoption studies that use individual adoption models or theories. This paper included the papers that are published in the 7 Scopus database from 2017-2021. Studies were analyzed to determine the adoption models or theories that are used, industry, country, methodology, and identify the most important influencing factors that drive the user to accept the adoption of blockchain technology. The results showed that there are still limitations in adoption studies in various fields such as health and education however, the field of supply chain management is one of the areas that received the most attention in the studies. Common studies relied on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) model as well as the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Moreover, perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU) are considered the most important factors affecting the intention of users in adopting blockchain technology in different fields. The research findings have implications on blockchain adoption research. In terms of theory, the findings provide a guideline for the other researchers to put their own research in a better context and thus contribute to understanding the relevant blockchain adoption issues that require further investigation.

Ghazanfar Ali Abbasi, Lee Yin Tiew, Jinquan Tang, Yen-Nee Goh · 5 authors

In recent years, the growth of cryptocurrency has undergone an enormous increase in cryptocurrency markets all around the world. Sadly, only insignificant heed has been paid to the unveiling of determinants of cryptocurrency adoption globally, particularly in emerging markets like Malaysia. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the application of deep learning-based dual-stage Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) & Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis enable better in-depth research results as compared to single-step PLS-SEM approach and to excavate factors which can predict behavioural intention to adopt cryptocurrency. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model were extended with the inclusion of trust and personnel innovativeness. The model was further validated by introducing a new path model compared to the original UTAUT2 model and the moderating role of personal innovativeness between performance expectancy and price value, with a sample of 314 respondents. Contrary to previous technology adoption studies that used PLS-SEM & ANN as single-stage analysis, this study further enhanced the analysis by applying a deep learning-based dual-stage PLS-SEM and ANN method. The application of deep learning-based dual-stage PLS-SEM & ANN analysis is a novel methodological approach, detecting both linear and non-linear associations among constructs. At the same time, it is regarded as a superior statistical approach as compared to traditional hybrid shallow SEM & ANN single-stage analysis. Also, sensitivity analysis provides normalised importance using multi-layer perceptron with the feed-forward-back-propagation algorithm. Furthermore, the deep learning-based dual-stage PLS-SEM & ANN revealed that trust proved to be the strongest predictor in driving user intention. The introduction of this new methodology and the theoretical contribution opens the vistas of the extant body of knowledge in technology-adoption related literature. This study also provides theoretical, practical and methodological contributions.

Samudaya Nanayakkara, Navodana Rodrigo, Srinath Perera, G. Thilini Weerasuriya · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

María de los Ángeles Pérez-Sánchez, Zhuo-Wei TIAN, Almudena Barrientos–Báez, José Gómez Galán · 5 authors

Remarkable changes have taken in social operation mode and consumers’ behavior mode because of the foot ban during the pandemic spread of COVID-19. Digital technologies such as Blockchain have shown potential in gaining competitive advantages for enterprises in such situations. This study aims to provide an insight into how to gain consumer loyalty through the use of modern and efficient Blockchain technology. In contrast to the current literature, this study combined the technology acceptance model of planned behavior theory, social exchange theory to explain the loyalty of an online travel agency (OTA) consumer. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from citizens in Hangzhou, a city full of technological innovation atmosphere. Using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS©, responses from 1403 citizens were analyzed. Social norm was discovered to have a positive and significant association with the consumers’ attitude toward technology and thus enhancing the perceived usability and hedonism of OTA application, which can increase consumer loyalty. The findings suggested OTAs may gain consumers’ loyalty through adopting Blockchain technology, and local governments have played a key role in creating such an environment. New technologies have become essential professional and social tools for society. The technological environment and Blockchain within the tourism sector are fundamental elements of China’s economic engine.

Yusuke Kaneko, Shigeyuki Azuchi, Hitoshi Okada, Shigeichiro Yamasaki

No abstract is available for this record.

Nripendra P. Rana, Yogesh K. Dwivedi, David L. Hughes

Purpose Blockchain is one of the most significant emerging technologies that is set to transform many aspects of industry and society. However, it has several major technical, social, legal, environmental and ethical complexities that offer significant challenges for mainstream use within the public sector. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled many public sector employees to work remotely, highlighting a number of challenges to blockchain adoption within the Indian context signifying the pertinence of this research topic in the post-pandemic era. This study offers insight to researchers and policymakers alike on how such challenges are interdependent within this important subject. Design/methodology/approach We explored 16 unique sets of challenges selected from the literature and gathered data from nine experts from government settings, healthcare and education sectors and academia who have significant knowledge and experience of blockchain implementation and use in their respective organisations. The implementation of Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Matriced' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (MICMAC) provided a precise set of driving, linkage and dependent challenges that were used to formulate the framework. Findings The developed ISM framework is split into six different levels. The results suggest that the bottom level consists of challenges such as “Lack of standards (C9)” and “Lack of validation (C10)” form the foundation of the hierarchical structure of blockchain adoption. However, the topmost level consists of a highly dependent challenge termed “adoption of blockchain in the public sector (C16)”. The research filters the selected set of five challenges to develop a parsimonious model and formulated six propositions to examine the impact of “lack of standard (C9)”, “lack of validation (C10)” on “security issues (C3)” and “privacy concerns (C2)”, which eventually determine individuals' “reluctance to use blockchain technology (C12)”. Originality/value This research fills a key gap in exiting research by exploring the key challenges in blockchain adoption within the public sector by developing a valuable framework to model this important topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address these challenges and develop a parsimonious model for challenges of blockchain adoption in the public sector settings.

Pedro R. Palos‐Sánchez, José Ramón Saura, Raquel Ayestarán

The purpose of this research study is to analyze the exploratory study of the adoption of Bitcoin cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology and its use as a means of payment in companies. This research is exploratory in nature. As such, an adoption model was investigated using the technology acceptance model (TAM) which was extended with new variables. The sample was made up of business executives from companies and commercial establishments (n = 248). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was chosen as the analysis and evaluation technique for the model. The authors demonstrated that privacy has an important influence on perceived utility, and that trust has a very significant influence on privacy and perceived ease of use, thus indirectly affecting the intention to use cryptocurrencies.

Nazir Ullah, Waleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi, Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani, Osama Alfarraj · 5 authors

The conventional education system in developing countries has been enhanced recently by implementing the latest technology of distributed ledger. Disruptive technology is a fundamental requirement for greater accountability and visibility. We explored the key factors affecting the intentions of educational institutions to use blockchain technology for e-learning. This study proposed an expanded model of Technology Acceptance Model by integrating the diffusion of innovation theory. Based on an online survey, the conceptual model was tested and validated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that compatibility had a significant impact on blockchain use in smart learning environments. Other significant effects were also found on adoption of blockchain technology. This study offers an expanded Technology Acceptance Model for implementing blockchain that could assist decision makers in building a smart learning environment for the educational institutes for the emerging economies.

Wei Sun, Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov, Ho Young Shin, Wei-Ping Li

Blockchain-based loan system can be summed up as: information exchange between various government departments; information exchange between enterprises and various financial institutions; detection of the actual use of loans in the form of encrypted currency. This technology is supposed to reduce a lot of financing costs for SMEs on average. Therefore, this research extends complexity theory to discover the factors that affect the use of Blockchain loan systems by SMEs. Complexity, perceived risk, perceived fairness and reward sensitivity prove to have significant effects on usage intention. Complexity proves to have moderating effects on other relationships. This research may contribute to the system performance improvement and provide opportunities for SMEs to share information with financial institutions or individuals around the world, thereby providing investors with equal opportunities for competition.

Geetika Jain, Naman Sharma, Archana Shrivastava

Purpose Due to technology advancement or transparency in system, there is a constant inflow and outflow of technology in the business for transparency and efficiency. To seize a competitive advantage, companies have emerged new technological solutions to respond to the change in the organization environment. There is a surge in the requirement of learning opportunities and effective training programs in the organization. The current study has been an effort to understand the potential of blockchain technology that can create better training evaluation. Design/methodology/approach The electronic-Delphi (e-Delphi) method has been conducted by recording the final consensus and to find a balance for implementation of blockchain technology and measuring training effectiveness. The current research is one of its new types where blockchain-enabled training effectiveness measurement (BETEM) model has been formulated using a qualitative approach. Findings The study has considered human resource (HR) professionals as the experts and based on their responses, the formulation of theoretical network model has been structured using e-Delphi–BETEM (e-DLH–BETEM) approach. By critically examining the experts’ responses and comments, the study formulated the four major themes and 11 subthemes for the smooth functioning of the BETEM for an organization. Research limitations/implications The research aims to aid innovations in BETEMs model for training evaluation. The model will contribute incrementally toward the complete transformation of the training development programs of employees. The goal of BETEMs is to ensure that organizations, specifically HR personals can prepare themselves to have competitive advantage by using blockchain technology. Originality/value The application of blockchain technology in measuring the training effectiveness is an addition to existing literature as majority of existing studies have studied the use of technology for measuring training effectiveness.

Adriana Tiron‐Tudor, Delia Deliu, Nicoleta Farcane, Adelina Nicoleta Donțu

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to facilitate blockchain innovation immersion in accountancy organizations by providing tools that allow organizations to manage the change. The paper approaches blockchain technology (BT) through the lens of organizational change management, with a specific focus at the organization level. Design/methodology/approach A hybrid systematic literature review of relevant literature is presented based on recent research papers published in highly ranked scientific journals that capture how accounting organizations might manage the changes induced by BT. Findings The findings of the review indicate that implementing BT requires some new modus operandi. From individual behavior to organizational structure, the advantages of blockchain must be emphasized in all accounting and auditing organizations. Managers should forge a plan that takes advantage of employees' skills, competencies and talent, implementing forward-looking company procedures and actively deciding how to navigate workplace dynamics, personalities and responsibilities. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of the study refer to the infancy of the BT and require the development of knowledge through future studies to allow a more accurate outline of the overall picture and a detailed one of the BT phenomena with applicability to accounting and auditing. At this stage, it is not yet possible to fully envision the implications of BT on professional accounting and auditing organizations. However, there will be clients who adopt BTs, so firms should work with them to understand BT-based accounting and auditing applications. That is, accounting and auditing organizations should expand their skills and knowledge to anticipate and meet clients' needs. Practical implications In a constantly digitalizing world, the traditional accounting and educational environment is changing but not quickly enough to meet the requirements of a blockchain accounting system yet. For this reason, practical implications on the daily activities of the organizations and the restructuration of their internal architecture have been revealed in this paper. Originality/value The paper approaches blockchain using the lens of organizational change management with a specific focus on the accounting and audit organizations, and it proposes solutions to cope with the arising technological challenges. A challenge itself is the implementation of blockchain, especially when an entity is not ready for the process. Therefore, the SWOT analysis elaborated in this paper and focused on the accounting and auditing firms is an element of novelty and at the same time, a helpful tool highlighting the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this technology, supporting organizations in assessing how ready they are for its adoption. The research on blockchain in accountancy organizations is still necessary for at least seven key areas which have been proposed and detailed at the end of the paper, bringing in this way clarity in regards to the most endorsed avenues for future research directions.

Claudia Ng, Angela Lee

Blockchain is an innovative distributed ledger technology enabling the exchange of value online without the need of a central authority. Blockchain provides a decentralized and trustless network, secured by cryptography and consensus mechanisms. The acceptance of blockchain technology greatly impact the real estate owners, financiers, builders and more. Hence, this study attempts to find out how buyers and sellers of real estates are accepting blockchain technology by integrating and analysing a proposed hybrid model of UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) combined with TRI (Technology Readiness Index). This study utilizes a quantitative research method and aims to identify the key influencing factors in the acceptance of blockchain technology. It is crucial to fully comprehend the potential of blockchain technology as it is a new revolutionary technology. This paper proposed a conceptual model that tests the performance expectancy, effort, social influence, facilitating condition, innovativeness, optimism, discomfort and insecurity in influencing the user intention behaviour in accepting blockchain technology. A pilot-test was conducted to test the research model. The results showed that all composite reliability values except for ‘Social Influence’ were found to be above the recommended value of 0.70, suggesting strong indicator reliability of the constructs.