Blockchain is a potentially disruptive technology that supports immutability, transparency, and traceability for digital transactions. Blockchain shows promise for tackling several challenges in managing contemporary supply chains. Blockchain technology requires collaboration, which has resulted in the formation of many consortia to advance its adoption. Blockchain consortia are embryonic digital business ecosystems (DBE). We discuss the role of these consortia in addressing key blockchain challenges in business and supply chain applications. Dominant considerations central to a consortium's formation and sustainability are highlighted, including its governance, technical focus, and participation issues. For seven prominent blockchain consortia that encompass supply chain applications, we analyze the type of partnership, scope of activities, objectives and business model. Based on the study, five propositions are presented regarding the nature of blockchain consortia, the drivers for their formation, their collaboration requirements, the impact on relationships, and the influence of industry characteristics on a blockchain consortium's focus and characteristics.
The reasons why supply chain management (SCM) needs blockchain technology include simplification of transaction procedures, time and cost reductions, and reliability improvement. This study emphasizes the necessity of introducing a blockchain-based joint logistics system to strengthen the competency of medical SCM and proposes a healthcare supply chain management (HSCM) competency measurement item through an analytic hierarchy process. The variables needed for using blockchain-based joint logistics are the performance expectations, effort expectations, promotion conditions, and social impact of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, as well as the HSCM competency results in increased reliability and transparency, enhanced SCM, and enhanced scalability. By analyzing the importance of securing reliability based on blockchain technology in the establishment of a supply chain network for HSCM competency, we reveal that joint logistics can be achieved, and synergistic effects can be created by implementing the integrated database to secure HSCM competency. Strengthening partnerships, such as joint logistics, will eventually lead to HSCM competency. In particular, HSCM should seek ways to upgrade its competitive capabilities through big data analysis based on the establishment of a joint logistics system.
Mohammed Hammam Mohammed Al-Madani, Yudi Fernando, Pua Wee Sin
This study aims to investigate literature findings on the current blockchain technology requirement. The obtained findings on blockchain technology requirements and limitations, helps to draw conclusions on the adoption of blockchain technology in energy consumption reporting. Blockchain technology offers transparency of energy consumption reports. Blockchain keeps all the transactional records and guarantees security, and decentralization between the blockchain network. Blockchain technology integration for energy consumption can promote transparency and integrity of energy management reporting. Among the reasons for companies’ reluctance to report energy consumption is non-transparency, the unnecessary cost for the report, and lack of regulation to release an energy consumption report or it is voluntary in best cases. This paper reviewed 121 papers related to the topic and conclusions drawn based on findings of previous literature. Blockchain can help to alleviate the issues of transparency and cost related to energy reporting. Decision and policymakers should offer incentives and include regulations on energy reporting requirements. The reporting should be requested through a blockchain network to guarantee transparency and integrity.
Mohammad Kabir, Farid Ahammad Sobhani, Norhayati Mohamed, Dewan Mehrab Ashrafi
In today's corporate environment, the success of external auditors for producing quality reports depends on internal audit functions. Hence, ensuring internal audit quality is a must. Auditors' integrity and the presence of a transparent internal auditing process may all help to ensure internal audit quality. In this regard, with its irreversible nature, evolving blockchain technology (BT) is playing a critical role in offering a triple entry accounting system. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe how integrity (INTI) and internal audit transparency (TRPY) affect internal audit quality (AQLY). It also assesses the potential of blockchain technology as a moderating function in influencing AQLY. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to describe the causal connection in this research. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from Bangladeshi accounts and audit practitioners. According to the results, integrity and internal audit transparency substantially influence AQLY. The potential application of blockchain (APBN) has been discovered to moderate the relation between INTI and AQLY. TRPY and AQLY have a similar relationship, which APBN moderates. Thus, this research established a unique model employing INTI, TRPY, and APBN as the determinants, which provided a novel outlook in explaining the factors that can help in improving audit quality.
Opeoluwa Akinradewo, Clinton Aigbavboa, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke, David J. Edwards
Blockchain technology has gained attention across the globe within the last 10 years and has taken centre stage in the financial technology sector. Even though innovation that applies to the construction industry is sometimes different from what is obtainable in other sectors, they share the same unique features. Therefore, this makes blockchain technology relevant to the built environment. This study aims to assess the research studies carried out on blockchain technology in the built environment domain in a bid to draw knowledge from the present focus of these studies while identifying research gaps for future studies. To achieve this, a scientometric review was carried out, and SCOPUS database was searched for studies related to blockchain technology in the built environment. The retrieved documents showed the first publication on this study area was made in 2017. Hence, this study covered research publications from 2017 to 2021. The findings revealed that most of these studies are not experimental as they only rely on literature from other sectors to draw conclusions for the built environment. The study further revealed that most of the publications in this domain are from the USA, Australia, India and the United Kingdom with only two publications from the African continent. This shows a research gap that can be explored from the African perspective. From the cluster analysis, research in this domain has focused primarily on blockchain technology components and only a few practical fields of its application. It was thus recommended that experimental and case study research should be carried out on its application in asset management and transfer, smart city development, land use, data/information management, cyber-physical systems, among others. Practically, the study highlighted blockchain technology usefulness in promoting social and economic sustainability of the built environment through its different applicabilities.
الملخص ً حدثت الثورة في القوانين، فظهرت الحاجة إلى القوانين ًة كبيرة المعلوماتية مطلع تسعينيات القرن الماضي وأحدثت نقل ،ً وأدى ذلك إلى الجديدة التي تواكب نوع المعامالت التي تحدث في الفضاء المعلوماتي أو السب ارني كما يسمى أحيانا ظهور قوانين الجرائم المعلوماتية بعد أن أفرزت هذه التقنية المسرح اإللكتروني للجرائم إال أن اآلنسان ظل هو الالعب الرئيسي وظلت الدولة محتفظة بسيطرتها على العملة طريقة تداولها، ولم تطل التقنية المعلوماتية غير طريقة حمل العملة وتداولها بعد أن ظهرت بطاقات الدفع واالئتمان، لكننا نشهد اليوم تقنية سلسلة الكتل المو زعة أو البلوكتشين Blockchain وهي قاعدة الكتل الموزعة التي تعد حجر األساس في العملة الرقمية المشفرة currency Crypto ألن شبكة البلوكتشين هي بمنزلة دفتر أستاذ عالمي موزع على جميع المستخدمين تسجل فيه كل العمليات والتصرفات والتحويالت مما يغنيهم عن تدخل أي طرف ثالث، ألن هذه الشبكة ستكون هي الضامن ووسيلة اإلثبات للتصرف وهو ما جعل المجتمع الدولي يقف موقف حائرا، انعكس على تباين موقف الدول المختلفة من المسألة، خاصة عندما أراد أن ينظم مكافحة الجرائم الناتجة عن استخدام تقنية البلوكتشين، فهذه التقنية تتميز بالقدرة العالية على اإلثبات والتوثيق، ولكن في الوقت ذاته تتميز بالقدرة العالية على الحفاظ على سرية المعامالت، وتحقيق السرية التامة للمعامالت. الكلمات الدالة: شبكة الكتل الموزعة Blockchain، المنصة، دفتر األستاذ العالمي الموزع، الخوارزميات، العملة المشفرة. Abstract Information technology developed the “Block chain”: a computerized storage system distributed in a dis-centralized way to register facts, transactions and addresses. Each transaction is sent to a user. This system allowed the appearance of a “crypto currency”, an electronic currency far from the official monetary institutions ‘control. The spread and circulation of this currency between individuals through the network far from any governmental control services presented a real challenge to the monetary law systems and to the criminal protection of the public funds. Here we will face a big challenge when trying to regulate all crimes resulting from the use of Blockchain technology, this technology has a high ability to prove and authenticate, but at the same time, it has a high ability to maintain privacy, and achieve complete confidentiality of transactions. Keywords: Blockchain, Platform, Decentralized Global Ledger Chart, Algorithms, Crypto Currency
BACKGROUND: Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize information sharing in companies. Many studies suggest using blockchain-powered platforms to replace existing mechanisms for health information exchange (HIE) across healthcare organizations. However, very few blockchain-based projects have been implemented in the healthcare sector. This study takes a qualitative approach to explore benefits, concerns, and barriers to the rollout of blockchain in HIE projects from physicians' perspectives. METHODS: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was used to help us better understand root causes, existing problems, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and suggestions. In-depth interviews have been conducted with 38 physicians in six months. The data were analyzed and coded using NVIVO to classify conceptually similar themes mentioned by the interviewees. RESULTS: In total, seven themes have been identified. The key benefits are categorized into three themes: innovative technological features, collaborative ecosystem, and system performance. The main concerns and risks are categorized into four themes: individual, organizational, technological, and market-related issues. The findings can contribute to knowledge by highlighting key values expected from blockchain technology in HIEs. The results also explore obstacles to leveraging the blockchain in healthcare from the perspectives of an important stakeholder (physicians). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that although blockchain technology may create several benefits (e.g., innovative technological features, collaborative ecosystem, and system performance), its applications in healthcare are still in their early stages. The perceptions of the individual issues (e.g., lack of knowledge), organizational issues (e.g., implementation issues), technological issues (e.g., blockchain model types), and market-related issues (e.g., regulatory concerns) indicate that blockchain-based applications in healthcare continue to be an emerging field. This study has practical implications as understanding these concerns can help developers and healthcare managers identify potential issues in the planning, developing, and implementing blockchain-based HIE systems. Addressing these barriers would support the widespread use of blockchain-based HIEs in different healthcare settings and facilitate interoperability and connectivity in regional and community health information networks.
Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of blockchain announcements on enterprises' stock market value. Design/methodology/approach Based on resource-based theory, this study constructs a complete framework of the impact mechanism of blockchain announcements on the stock price of the announcing firm using the data of 143 blockchain announcements. An event study methodology is used in this research, and the market model, market-adjusted model and Carhart four-factor model are used to estimate stock abnormal returns after the blockchain announcement; and the cross-sectional regression model is used to test the influencing factors. Findings Blockchain announcements elicit a significantly positive market reaction on the release day. Compared to announcements not pertaining to technical innovation, blockchain technical innovation announcements exhibit a more positive market reaction towards the announcing companies. Strategic-level announcements exhibit a more positive market reaction than operational-level announcements. Enterprise characteristics, such as enterprise-scale and enterprise innovation ability, do not affect stock market reactions to blockchain announcements. Practical implications The findings reveal the economic value of conducting blockchain activities in the Chinese stock market. Findings of this study can help managers understand the value of implementing blockchain activities in a different market environment and guide them on how to improve the market value of their enterprises through the active implementation of blockchain activities. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first event study to focus solely on the value of pure blockchain announcements in an emerging market. This study considers multiple resource and capability factors that would influence blockchain technology adoption, improve the current understanding of how blockchain announcements affect corporate stock prices and provide directions for future comparative studies of market reactions to blockchain announcements in different stock markets.
Blockchain is a disruptive technology, particularly because it provided the basis for Bitcoin, followed by other cryptocurrencies. The use of a blockchain is not limited to cryptocurrencies only. The technology can be used for creating and maintaining records of all sorts of financial, business, economic, and marketing transactions. Some of the most appealing properties of blockchain are transparency, disintermediation, and security. In this paper, we have reviewed and provided different properties and applications provided by blockchain to manage some important functions and activities of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. These pilgrimages take place in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, and performed by millions of pilgrims from different parts of the world. In doing so, we have also provided a brief background, properties, and applications of blockchain in different domains. The findings, after analyzing various aspects of blockchain provided in this paper, suggest that the technology is highly desirable and bernificial in improving several management tasks of Hajj and Umrah.
Accounts in Ethereum are found to be involved in various services or businesses. Account classification can help us detect illegal behavior, track transactions, and de-anonymize the Ethereum transaction system. In this brief, we make use of Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to solve the account classification problem in Ethereum. We model the Ethereum transaction records as a large-scale transaction network and find that the network is with high heterophily, in which accounts with different features and different labels are connected. In order to solve this problem, we propose a GCN-based model called EH-GCN. The experimental results on a realistic Ethereum dataset show that the proposed method achieves the most advanced classification performance, and results on benchmarks show it produces a competitive performance under homophily.
Aslı Pelin Gürgün, Mehmet Ilker Genc, Kerim Koç, David Arditi
Various stakeholders are involved in managing supply chain processes in construction. Suppliers can hardly tolerate upfront costs when faced with flaws in the payment pipeline. This is a serious problem in building construction that uses a large variety of materials as opposed to civil construction that requires fewer types of materials. Alternative secure payment systems are needed, and the use of cryptocurrencies can be an option. However, cryptocurrencies are seldom used in building construction projects due to several challenges that are mostly ignored in the existing literature. To fill this gap, this study investigates the use of cryptocurrencies in construction supply chains as an alternative payment solution to improve the financial performance of the stakeholders by taking advantage of this economical and traceable financial transaction system. The study involves exploratory, descriptive, and empirical survey research. Accordingly, a literature review, focus group discussions, and statistical analyses (Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann–Whitney U test) were performed. The results imply that a lack of technical knowledge about cryptocurrencies, fluctuations in the value of cryptocurrencies, limited market opportunities, security gaps, personal information required by cryptocurrency systems, no assurance of permanent use, and government actions limiting the use of cryptocurrencies were the most significant barriers against using cryptocurrencies in construction supply chain management. The findings are expected to provide critical information to construction professionals and regulatory agencies about the potential advantages and shortcomings of cryptocurrencies, hence motivating policymakers to create strategies that minimize the concerns of construction professionals about using cryptocurrencies in the building construction industry.
Adeyinka Tella, Halimah Odunayo Amuda, Yusuf Ayodeji Ajani
Purpose This study aims to examine the awareness and perception of the relevance of blockchain technology in the management of libraries and archives in the fourth industrial revolution in a developing country, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Ten system librarians selected from five different libraries and ten archivists selected from five different archives in the Southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria represent the sample for the study. The study adopted a purely qualitative approach where data was collected through an open-ended questionnaire mailed to the participants to guide against physical contact and maintained social distancing to observe COVID-19 protocol. Findings The results reveal that both the librarians and archivists are aware of blockchain technology, its adoption and use in libraries and archives. There is a positive perception about blockchain technology believing that it can assist libraries and archives in storing information in a distributed settings through gathering, preserving and sharing authoritative information, and supports archivists in creating a unique verifiable record that can be accessed by anyone in archives. Implementation, maintenance cost and difficulty in sustainability are identified as the challenges of blockchain adoption. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to one geopolitical zone of Nigeria which necessitates the need for further research on the similar subject matter in other geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Practical implications The findings of the study have identified the need for librarians and archivists to increase their awareness and develop a positive perception toward blockchain technologies. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to research the relevance of blockchain technology in Nigerian libraries and archives. This paper reported the benefits libraries and archives could derive from the adoption of blockchain, and how such can improve effective services delivery to the satisfaction of the users of archives and libraries.
Countless enterprise blockchains fail to live up to high expectations, often because the supporting governance structures are insufficiently established or have become stagnant. Based on interviews with 153 blockchain executives and an analysis of publicly documented use cases, this article offers a guide for blockchain scholars and practitioners. Its framework highlights the coordination and control challenges that exist in blockchain governance contexts and presents four generic governance modes to address them: chief, clan, custodian, and consortium. Managers can use these governance modes as a basis for four strategic moves (connecting, isolating, loosening, and tightening) to navigate blockchain governance challenges.
This study investigates the influence of blockchain and smart contracts on partners’ trust, increasing visibility, competitiveness, and environmental performance when implemented in manufacturing supply chains. Partial least squares (PLS) was the main method used to test and verify the research model and hypotheses. According to the test results, blockchain and smart contracts positively influence partners’ trust. Increasing trust produces a positive effect on increasing visibility, further promoting competitiveness and environmental performance. However, the vulnerability of smart contracts still causes information security concerns. If smart contracts are adopted for an extended time, partners will worry about problems of information vulnerability stemming from the smart contract, further reducing trust and affecting visibility. Regarding academic implications, this study not only proves the relationship between blockchain, smart contracts, partners’ trust, increasing visibility, competitiveness, and environmental performance. In addition, we also proved the vulnerability of smart contracts; our test results fill these gaps. Regarding practical implications, with extended contract periods, partners may expand their doubt in the smart contract and reduce information sharing, further affecting visibility. Manufacturers are reminded that smart contracts may carry hidden trouble that disrupts the relationship between partners’ trust and visibility.
Marina Efthymiou, Katie A. McCarthy, Chris Markou, John F. O’Connell
The aircraft maintenance sector has high complexity with many intermediaries, multiple actors sharing data and needs to ensure high data security. The implementation of Blockchain technology can significantly contribute to the aforementioned characteristics. This research explores the implementation of Blockchain technology in Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO). For this research, a mixed-method approach was followed to obtain a holistic view of the adoption of Blockchain technology in an aircraft maintenance facility. Semi-structured interviews and a case study were used. The interview findings related to the current status of maintenance records management. The findings also highlighted the value of data storage within MRO’s and the benefits of Blockchain. The paper also discusses the readiness/willingness of aircraft maintenance facilities to implement Blockchain and the barriers to implementation. Recommendations and areas for further research are identified.
The concept of blockchain has emerged as an effective solution for data-sensitive domains, such as healthcare, financial services, etc., due to its various attributes like immutability, non-repudiation, and availability. Thus, implementation of this technology in various domains rose exponentially; one of such fields is the healthcare supply chain. Managing healthcare supply chain processes effectively is very crucial for the healthcare system. Despite various innovations in the method of treatment methodologies, the healthcare supply chain management system is not up to the mark and lacks efficiency. The traditional healthcare supply chain system is time-consuming and lacks the work synergy among the various stakeholders of the supply chain. Thus, In this paper, we propose a framework based on blockchain smart contracts and decentralized storage to connect all the supply chain stakeholders. Smart contracts in the framework enforce and depict various interactions and transactions among the stakeholders, thus helping to automate these processes, promote transparency, improve efficiency, and minimize service time. The preliminary results show that the proposed framework is more efficient, secure, and economically feasible.
Purpose Blockchain technology is spreading its roots and growing rapidly. With the advancement of blockchain technology, government organizations are focusing toward adopting blockchain technology. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the adoption of blockchain technology and provide a conceptual framework to adopt blockchain technology in government organizations. Design/methodology/approach To answer the research questions, this study has used systematic literature review (SLR). For achieving the quality and transparent process, this study has applied the PRISMA framework in the SLR. Findings With the help of SLR, this study has identified 72 factors that influence the adoption of blockchain technology. After critically examining the factors, this study has developed the conceptual framework for the adoption of blockchain technology in government organizations with four factors of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model and four additional factors, i.e. facilitating conditions, social influence, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, trust, transparency, cost and security. Research limitations/implications To perform SLR, this study has used two databases: Web of Science and Google Scholar; future studies can consider other databases. This study has provided the framework but not validated it; future studies can use structural equation modeling and artificial neural network to validate the framework. Practical implications This study helps to provide insights about blockchain technology and help government and policymakers to take decisions for the adoption of blockchain technology and in determining the future action plan. Originality/value Few studies are available in the literature that have used SLR to identify blockchain technology adoption in government organizations.
Blockchain is a promising breakthrough technology that is highly applicable in manifold sectors. The adoption of blockchain technology is accompanied by a range of issues and challenges that make its implementation complicated. To facilitate the successful implementation of blockchain technology, several blockchain adoption frameworks have been developed. However, selecting the appropriate framework based on the conformity of its features with the business sector may be challenging for decision-makers. This study aims to provide a systematic literature review to introduce the adoption frameworks that are most used to assess blockchain adoption and realize business sectors that these models have been applied. Thus, the blockchain adoption models in 56 articles are reviewed and the results of the studies are summarized by categorizing the articles into five main sections including supply chain, industries, financial sector, cryptocurrencies, and other articles (excluded from the former fields). The findings of the study show that the models based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), technology–organization–environment (TOE), and new conceptual frameworks were the focus of the majority of selected articles. Most of the articles have focused on blockchain adoption in different industry fields and supply chain areas.
Technological adoption has become a key goal of digital transformation within firms, affecting many facets of an organisation such as attaining competitive advantage, increased revenue, reduction of operational costs, and improving operational efficiency. Blockchain as a decentralised peer to peer technology appears uniquely suited to being deployed within complex food supply chains such as the fisheries industry, which is the focus of this study. In this context, blockchain technology can be used for a variety of purposes such as providence authentication, handling and storage, transparency, counterfeit prevention, food forensics, and enhanced supply chain resilience. The purpose of this study is to synthesize existing research on the interrelationship between Blockchain technology and the factors that determine adoption, as well as identifying the enablers and barriers. This preliminary work identified key themes emerging from the blockchain literature suggesting that adoption factors are wide ranging, encompassing aspects including organisational readiness, security, complexity, partnerships, competition, governmental influence, and transparency. The thematic analysis of enablers and barriers to blockchain adoption identified the broad theme of resources as the key enabler and integration as the key barrier. These preliminary findings add to the growing body of research including increased understanding of the current state of academic research in the areas of blockchain adoption factors, blockchain adoption in supply chains, blockchain adoption in the fisheries industry and the enablers and barriers to adoption. This study is the initial step in a large scale study with the next phase comprising case studies of specific fishery supply chain stakeholders.
In recent years, knowledge hiding has gained much popularity in the knowledge management literature. Apart from that, antecedents and consequences of knowledge hiding are being scrutinized at present. There have been many studies on the triggering forces of knowledge hiding; however, the uncivil behaviors at the workplace have led the organizations and employees in trouble due to its possible associating factors, which is well explained by social influence theory. One such factor that this study has identified is knowledge hiding behavior at the workplace. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on a survey. The population taken in this study is the middle and low-level managerial staff of the software houses located in China. The respondents were selected based on convenient random sampling, and a sample size of 287 is used in this study. The data collected were employed with the partial least square structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3. The findings of this study show that apart from evasive hiding, playing dumb and rationalized hiding plays a significant role in predicting workplace incivility. In addition, psychological contract breach (PCB) has been taken as the mediating variable. The violation of psychological contracts among employees can indulge them in negative feelings that may convert to workplace incivility at any available opportunity of revenge which is well explained by social influence theory. Workplace incivility cannot be completely eradicated from the organizations; however, it can be controlled by making relevant policies. The civility among the employees can be attained by due managerial interventions and training of the employees considering the protection of victims and due punishment to the perpetrator.
Sarah Qahtan, Khaironi Yatim Sharif, A. A. Zaidan, Hassan A. Alsattar · 10 authors
The evaluation, importance and variation nature of multiple security and privacy properties are the main issues that make the benchmarking of blockchain-based IoT healthcare Industry 4.0 systems fall under the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this article, one of the recent MCDM weighting methods called fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency (FWZIC) is effective for weighting the evaluation criteria subjectively without any inconsistency issues. However, considering the advantages of spherical fuzzy sets in providing a wide range of options to decision-makers and efficiently dealing with vagueness, hesitancy and uncertainty, this article formulated a new version of FWZIC for weighting the security and privacy properties, that is, spherical FWZIC (S-FWZIC). Moreover, an integrated MCDM framework was developed for benchmarking blockchain-based IoT healthcare Industry 4.0 systems on the basis of multi security and privacy properties. In the first phase of the methodology, a decision matrix is formulated based on the intersection of “blockchain-based Internet of Things healthcare Industry 4.0 systems” and “security and privacy properties” (i.e., user authentication, access control, privacy protection, integrity availability and anonymity). In the second phase, the weights of each security and privacy property are calculated through the S-FWZIC method. Then, these weights are employed to benchmark blockchain-based IoT healthcare Industry 4.0 systems through the combined grey relational analysis–technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (GRA-TOPSIS) and the bald eagle search (BES) optimization method. Results indicate the following: First, the S-FWZIC method efficiently weighs the security and privacy properties, indicating that access control has the highest significance weight of 0.2070, while integrity has the lowest weight (0.0646); and second, the combination of the GRA-TOPSIS and the BES optimization method effectively ranks the systems. The evaluation was conducted using sensitivity analysis, revealing high correlation results over all the discussed scenarios of changing the weights of the criteria. The implications of this article can assist medical organisation administrators in selecting the most secure and appropriate system and the developers of such systems in future directions.
The literature so far has been focused on technological sophistication rather than the aspects of blockchain adoption that can hinder or facilitate the use of the technology. To address this gap this paper aims to study the cognitive factors underpinning adoption decision-making moderated by user characteristics. Using a cross-sectional research design, the study recruited 506 respondents to participate and test the relationships hypothesised in the research model. The results of the analysis demonstrated that perceived threat vulnerability, response cost, response efficacy and self-efficacy determine adoption intention. These factors have varying effects on intention depending on users' subjective knowledge, objective knowledge and innovativeness. This evidence contributes to the understanding of users’ perspectives on blockchain adoption, which has been under-researched so far. The findings shed light on the cognitive factors motivating blockchain-based technology use and the individual characteristics of users who are likely to adopt the technology in the context of data privacy and security. In turn, these findings can inform practitioners about the aspects of user behaviour that should be considered while developing and marketing the technology.
Blockchain technology (BT) is a distributed and decentralized database that store transaction information in a network. Due to providing better visibility and transparency, this technology has gained a considerable attention in the recent years. This research is carried out with the purpose of exploring the potential of blockchain technology to increase supply chain integrity in halal food industry. Therefore, a literature on BT and its adoption in the halal supply chain is given and a model is developed to identify the influence of BT on halal supply chain. Three features of smart contract including traceability, decentralized, and anonymity are added to the model as moderators to explore their influence on integrity of halal supply chain..