Purpose-Cryptocurrency, which is one of the first products of blockchain technology, is preferred by more and more actors in addition to traditional investment tools. One of the factors over demographic and psychological factors that affect the financial investment decisions of individuals is gender. Although there are many studies in the academic literature on gender-related financial investment decisions, there is no research and data on cryptocurrencies. In this study, the factors affecting cryptocurrency investments are examined within the context of gender. Methodology-Survey model was used as a quantitative research method. With the computer aided survey research conductd in Turkey, gender-related behavioral and psychological differences in cryptocurrency investments were revealed and the survey findings were discussed over the information obtained from the literature review. Findings-With this research, it was seen that the gender factor was associated with both psychological and demographic factors. Cryptocurrencies are in the top 5 in men's financial investment instruments portfolio while 32.6 percent of women invest in cryptocurrencies. The level of knowledge about cryptocurrencies, which is effective in investment preferences, is at medium and high level at the rate of 64 percent for men however 60 percent of women have very limited or no knowledge about this investment tool. The first two of the factors that affect cryptocurrency investment decisions which are confidence and volatility also differ in terms of rank and proportion. Age-related cryptocurrency investment preferences do not differ by gender. This study shows that men follow their investments more frequently than women and do not avoid taking risks. Conclusion-With this research, gender-based main preference differences in cryptocurrency investments are revealed and an important resource is provided in this field, which has limited research, and contributes to the literature. It has been observed that women prefer different investment tools primarily due to lower income and lower level of knowledge about cryptocurrencies. Factors showing similarity based on gender were also found by this research.
The purpose of this study is to appraise the integration or convergence issues influencing the mutual functioning of blockchain, AI, and IoT. The study argued that the recent developments in the field of IoT and blockchain prediction have involved the integration of innumerable classification schemes to establish a hybrid model. The introduction of the hybrid technique relies on the prediction performance that strives to override the limitations of any available architectural scheme. This study offers a comprehensive exploratory appraisal of the issues influencing the successful integration of IoT and blockchain in regards to functionality and effectiveness of security, trust, and flawless communication issues. The exploratory research methodology was used in analyzing the issues affecting the integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT). The findings indicated that the integration challenges influencing the effective operations of blockchain, AI, and IoT as a single system involve security, scalability, accountability, and trust of communications. The study recommends that successful and effective integration will enhance the development of new business models as well as the digital transformation of market corporations. Accordingly, new approaches to convergence should ensure that executives address the new technology demands to obtain significant gains in efficiency.
Blockchain is a decentralized, immutable, peer-to-peer network which provides trust, transparency, and tamper resistance and these features have led to various applications such as bitcoin and ethereum. Various structures of Blockchains are designed in fields such as e-health as it can facilitate safe and secure storage of the patient’s information in the health care system. Data integration problem in healthcare can be overcome by bringing a decentralized system in the hospital organization. This paper focuses on the use of Blockchains in managing medical records for insurance claim. By removing the central administrator, the suggested architecture uses Ethereum smart contracts to create a tamperproof and transparent healthcare system and ensure the integrity of sensitive patient data. Additionally, the smart contract keeps the patient well-informed and governs the communication between all the participants in the network. The proposed approach provides a solution to eliminate fraudulent insurance claims using Machine Learning (ML) with Blockchain. Machine Learning techniques such as Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machines are used along with Python and Solidity languages and an accuracy of 88% is achieved on the healthcare data set.
With the rapid development of the transportation industry, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tries to adapt to industry changes through constructing new organizational forms, management methods, and incentive mechanisms. However, many new governance issues have arisen due to the transportation system’s complexity, diversity, and uncertainty. DAO(Decentralized autonomous organization) enabled by blockchain and smart contracts are regarded as effective methods to solve the organizational governance problems for complex systems. Therefore, this article analyzes the main issues currently faced by ITS. Then, this paper proposed a 6-layer DAO structure framework for ITS and discussed its key research issues. Finally, a case study for the Macau transportation system is carried out, and further research directions are proposed. The DAO-based transportation system will represent the future trend of ITS development. This paper aims to motivate more discussion for this new direction and provide helpful guidance and reference for future research work.
Purpose This paper provides a structured literature review of blockchain in accounting. The authors identify current trends, analyse and critique the key topics of research and discuss the future of this nascent field of inquiry. Design/methodology/approach This study’s analysis combined a structured literature review with citation analysis, topic modelling using a machine learning approach and a manual review of selected articles. The corpus comprised 153 academic papers from two ranked journal lists, the Association of Business Schools (ABS) and the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC), and from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN). From this, the authors analysed and critiqued the current and future research trends in the four most predominant topics of research in blockchain for accounting. Findings Blockchain is not yet a mainstream accounting topic, and most of the current literature is normative. The four most commonly discussed areas of blockchain include the changing role of accountants; new challenges for auditors; opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology application; and the regulation of cryptoassets. While blockchain will likely be disruptive to accounting and auditing, there will still be a need for these roles. With the sheer volume of information that blockchain records, both professions may shift out of the back-office toward higher-profile advisory roles where accountants try to align competitive intelligence with business strategy, and auditors are called on ex ante to verify transactions and even whole ecosystems. Research limitations/implications The authors identify several challenges that will need to be examined in future research. Challenges include skilling up for a new paradigm, the logistical issues associated with managing and monitoring multiple parties all contributing to various public and private blockchains, and the pressing need for legal frameworks to regulate cryptoassets. Practical implications The possibilities that blockchain brings to information disclosure, fraud detection and overcoming the threat of shadow dealings in developing countries all contribute to the importance of further investigation into blockchain in accounting. Originality/value The authors’ structured literature review uniquely identifies critical research topics for developing future research directions related to blockchain in accounting.
Background/Objectives: As urbanization increases worldwide, so do the need for smart cities that enable more efficient city management.Based on smart city operational data, it explains the digital twin technologies required to predict outcomes and control according to circumstances through virtual simulations and presents related metaverse technologies.Methods/Statistical analysis: Introduction and explanation of smart city services using blockchain.The data infrastructure underlies each area, such as city operations, essential in a smart city.Findings: Therefore, blockchain is used to avoid hacking, data errors, and system failures of the existing centralized management and ensure data integrity and system stability by building a more secure server.In addition, blockchain enables the establishment of governance and free access to information through individual information sovereignty.Improvements/Applications: Most smart city models do not have a high level of authentication.Therefore, this study investigated a new smart city model that provides security and convenience to citizens by mutually complementing the virtual and real worlds by predicting urban situations through digital twins that can simulate impossible conditions in reality based on blockchain-based authentication.
Blockchain is a disruptive innovation that is already reshaping corporate, social, and political connections, as well as any other form of value exchange. Again, this isn't simply a shift; it's a fast-moving phenomenon that has already begun. Top financial institutions and a large number of businesses have begun to investigate blockchain in order to cut transaction costs, speed up transaction times, reduce fraud risk, and eliminate the need for middlemen or intermediate services. Blockchain is believed to be the component that completes the Internet puzzle and makes it more open, more accessible, and more reliable. In this article, we first introduced the blockchain technology and smart contracts and their merits and demerits. Second, we present a comparative and comprehensive analysis of smart contract-enabled blockchain applications. Toward the end, we discussed the future development trends of smart contract enabled blockchain applications. This document is intended to serve as a guide and resource for future research initiatives.
Cryptocurrency or virtual currency is a form of investment that has developed since 2010. Today, there are more than 2,000 types of crypto currencies worldwide. Cryptocurrency research in Indonesia is still focused on the legal status and legal status of cryptocurrency investments. This quantitative descriptive study aims to describe the returns and risks of investing in crypto currencies. Descriptive analysis by calculating risk measures and using the heteroscedastic model GARCH (1,1) was carried out on the return data of 15 crypto currencies that had the greatest value. Information was obtained that investing in most crypto currencies resulted in higher returns than investing in foreign currencies or the stock market. On the other hand, Crypto currencies have a higher risk of loss and volatility clustering or heteroscedasticity. Further research is needed to uncover the characteristics of Crypto currency returns and their performance in the form of a portfolio.
In recent years, blockchain technology is receiving more and more people's attention. The reason why it has received so many people's attention is that through blockchain technology, the openness and transparency of information can be effectively guaranteed, and because of the immutability of blockchain, so that it has great application value in various fields. In corporate financial management, the application of blockchain technology to corporate tax planning and management will have a profound impact on corporate tax planning. Based on the analysis of the definition and characteristics of the blockchain, this paper can study the impact of the application of the blockchain in corporate tax planning through decentralized modeling for in-depth research. This article first introduces the steps, key points and research status of corporate tax planning, then introduces the application, development and characteristics of blockchain technology, and finally models and simulates corporate tax planning based on blockchain technology, and the results prove the reliability of the model.
Hyun‐Joo Jeon, Ho-chang Youn, Sang-mi Ko, Taeheon Kim
With new technologies related to the development of computers, graphics, and hardware, the virtual world has become a reality. As COVID-19 spreads around the world, the demand for virtual reality increases, and the industry represented by the Metaverse is developing. In the Metaverse, a virtual world that transcends reality, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology are being combined. This chapter explains how artificial intelligence and blockchain can affect the Metaverse.
The cryptocurrency market is very young, volatile, and highly risky. By the end of 2020, a new bull run started, and the prices of several cryptocurrencies reached record-breaking highs. The factors affecting this rise of cryptocurrencies include the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic crisis and the global increase in the inflation rate, as well as the gradual acceptance and adoption of cryptocurrencies by people worldwide. This exploratory research is focused on this last factor, i.e., using cryptocurrency and with it, the associated support of its ecosystem (e.g., mining, staking). A survey was carried out investigating the motivational factors and barriers to investment in cryptocurrency for Czech representatives of Generations Y and Z (18–42 years; n = 468). The geographic scope was nationwide, and quota sampling was used. Notably, this survey was carried out prior to the global COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and it is thus not affected by the pandemic and its related economic impacts. The article investigates the dependency between the individual motivational factors and barriers from the perspective of the tendency to take risks (using the risk propensity scale), according to gender and representation of Generations Y and Z. The lack of information on this form of investment is considered as the main barrier to investment in cryptocurrency, with respect to sex and generations. Compared to that, a negative experience with investment in cryptocurrency constitutes the most minor barrier. Respondents that have a tendency to take risks are mostly put off by their lack of experience with investment in general. The main motivational factor for investment in cryptocurrency, with respect to sex and generations, is considered to be the speed of increase in cryptocurrency value. On the other hand, the least encouraging factor is the opportunity to use the high volatility of cryptocurrency for speculative trading. Interestingly, this factor mostly encourages respondents that do not have a tendency to take risks. The findings are discussed, along with the presentation of their implications for practice and the directions of further explanatory research.
Seyed Abbas Borhani, Jafar Babajani, Iman Raeesi Vanani, Saber Sheri Anaqiz · 5 authors
Considering the capabilities of Blockchain technology, the present study examines the important issue of acceptance of this technology by the producers and users of financial reporting. First, the study has reviewed the available theoretical and experimental foundations and according to technology acceptance model (TAM, henceforth) has presented a theoretical model and extracted the factors affecting the acceptance of this technology in financial reporting. Then, by adopting a qualitative method and analyzing the content of 11 semi-structured interviews, the initial theoretical model is modified and the factors affecting this technique have identified in financial reporting. Finally, by collecting and analyzing 35 questionnaires by applying fuzzy Delphi method, the final model has been given and the view of the preparation and users of financial reporting regarding the acceptance of this technology have been evaluated. Financial reporting embraces blockchain technology, and the main reason for the adoption of this new technology is the perceived usefulness as a result of the positive impact on the qualitative characteristics of information. This scientific research helps to better understand the factors involved in the adoption of new techniques by financial reporting developers and their impact on the current intention and application of the system in the field of financial reporting.
SUMMARY Cryptocurrencies pose several risks that impact the inherent risk assessments of auditors. The SEC has issued warnings about the risks (Clayton 2017), and the PCAOB lists virtual assets as a key focus area in future inspections (Vincent and Wilkins 2020). This study examines how accounting professionals perceive the inherent risks associated with cryptocurrency based on their likelihood of occurrence and expected impact on financial statements. We find the risk of determining cryptocurrency value is perceived as having the highest likelihood of occurrence, and unauthorized private key access has the highest impact. Combining the evaluations of likelihood and impact, we rank the risk of ineffective exchange-level controls as having the highest inherent risk. We also find that inherent risk judgments are negatively correlated with cryptocurrency experience. Professionals with prior cryptocurrency experience, or who work for a company planning to process cryptocurrency transactions, rate inherent risk lower than those with less experience.
A smart contract is a computer protocol for creating or improving a contract which makes it possible to create valid transactions without intermediaries. The most important feature is security and speed, because this technology runs on a blockchain platform and its information will remain confidential. Despite these benefits, unfortunately, companies still use paper contracts. Knowledge-based companies can save time and money by implementing smart contracts with their customers in the form of robotic process automation and process management, and by reducing errors and risks in processes. Increase productivity in business. The purpose of this study was to present a smart contract model in knowledge-based companies based on Grounded Theory by Focusing on the robotic process automation strategies and process management using qualitative and quantitative paradigms. The analysis approach in this research is quantitative-qualitative. To collect data in the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were used. In the quantitative part, the structural equation method was used. The sample size was calculated according to confirmatory factor analysis of 110 experts. Based on the data analysis, due to the abnormality of the data distribution, the partial least squares method was used with the help of Smart PLS software version 2.
Amin Pouya, Ahmad Jafarnejad Chaghoushi, Sajad Shokohyar, Mehdi Karimizand
Due to the growing future of blockchain applications such as smart contracts and the widespread use of smart contracts in the Internet of Things (IoT) and the lack of Persian resources in this field, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive and integrated researches for a systematic study of past studies and provide interpretive perspectives and create new knowledge. In this research, using mixed research method (first, using the Meta-Synthesis Research Method, by combining qualitative findings of previous studies and combining different perspectives, a model in the process of smart contracts on the blockchain platform is presented and then for evaluation and analysis of the modeled, structural equations quantitative method and confirmatory factor analysis with Smart PLS3 software have been used. The lack of a standard framework for analyzing and comparing smart contract-based systems identifies the need to design a smart contract model that allows smart contract developers to identify bottlenecks and improve system-based smart contracts.
Alexander Fleiss, Gihyen Eom, Daria Tikhonova, Eric Tu
We compare the explainability of cryptocurrency returns from macro and microeconomic risk factors during stressed and normal market environments, in particular, analyzing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic to cryptocurrency return explainability. We find that risk-premiums are encapsulated within cryptocurrency-specific market factors in both stressed and normal market conditions. Furthermore, cryptocurrency factors, particularly relating to liquidity, momentum, and counterparty risk, showed evidence of providing stronger predictability of cryptocurrency returns during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. We find that during the stressed market environment, Fama-French 5 factors continue to provide low explainability to cryptocurrency returns.
Abstract Introduction: As internet and communication technologies are getting developed, the commercial transaction is becoming more electronic. This change also brings new approaches to new payment mechanisms like emergence of crypto currencies. They are virtual and digital currencies which can only be used in electronic environment but they are increasingly treated as a new payment and investment tool. Nevertheless, their use has not spread into the general public, yet. At this point, it will better to take the complex nature of the crypto currencies into consideration because it may still lead to some risks for people and the type of the risks perceived by consumers may influence their attitudes toward and intention to use crypto currencies. Aim: Accordingly, this study attempts to examine the interaction between perceived risk, attitudes toward and intention to use crypto currencies within the context of Bitcoin, as the first crypto currency. Method: This study was designed as a causal research. The sample of the study was reached by using convenience sampling method and data were collected with survey. The compiled data were tested with Structural Equation Model. Findings: A statistically significant and negative relationship was found between perceived financial, time and psychological risk and attitudes toward the use of Bitcoin, and a statistically significant and positive relationship was found between attitudes toward and intention to use Bitcoin. The findings of the study are expected to contribute to both relevant literature and practice by explaining the financial behavior of the individuals within the context of perceived risk theory.
The accounting field has come under scrutiny after a number of high-profile ethical scandals dealing with organizational fraud has been tied to the profession. While several accounting standards have been established to ensure the integrity, objectivity, and professional competency of accountants; the power of the situation and individual motivations are challenges that may ethically blind accountants and result in fraud. In this paper, we explore the combinative effect of three emergent technologies: Blockchain-based, IoT-enabled and AI-empowered distributed ledger on reducing the risk of accounting ethical blindness. We examine how technical features of emergent technologies present both gains and challenges to ethical decision-making for the accounting profession. While some of these challenges can be overcome by adopting all three emerging technologies, others require social and legal interference to avoid the challenges of these technologies. Keywords: Emergent technology, accounting ethical blindness, blockchain, artificial intelligence, internet of things.