Shayan E Ali, Noshina Tariq, Farrukh Aslam Khan, Muhammad Ashraf · 6 authors
Numerous sensitive applications, such as healthcare and medical services, need reliable transmission as a prerequisite for the success of the new age of communications technology. Unfortunately, these systems are highly vulnerable to attacks like Sybil, where many false nodes are created and spread with deceitful intentions. Therefore, these false nodes must be instantly identified and isolated from the network due to security concerns and the sensitivity of data utilized in healthcare applications. Especially for life-threatening diseases like COVID-19, it is crucial to have devices connected to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) that can be believed to respond with high reliability and accuracy. Thus, trust-based security offers a safe environment for IoMT applications. This study proposes a blockchain-based fuzzy trust management framework (BFT-IoMT) to detect and isolate Sybil nodes in IoMT networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed BFT-IoMT framework is 25.43% and 12.64%, 12.54% and 6.65%, 37.85% and 19.08%, 17.40% and 8.72%, and 13.04% and 5.05% more efficient and effective in terms of energy consumption, attack detection, trust computation reliability, packet delivery ratio, and throughput, respectively, as compared to the other state-of-the-art frameworks available in the literature.
Hariprasath Manoharan, Abirami Manoharan, Shitharth Selvarajan, K. Venkatachalam
In recent days, all networks are connected by internet and all people around the world are able to control things in their remote locations. Even though these technologies have been used only by selected people, it is definite in the future that all people will use this technology and they will move towards building smart cities, homes, and industries. However, when advanced technologies are created, people always worry about security when they move towards smart environment. If the internet is connected to their home then much valuable information in their home can also be sent through smart devices. Therefore, for this IoT-based technology, a blockchain-based method can be introduced where more security for data transfer process can be provided. Also, these technologies have to work efficiently by integrating a new artificial intelligence-based machine learning algorithm. Therefore, for this, a deep learning model will be integrated, thus providing effective data transfer from transmitter to receiver.
The pharmaceutical company is key to having a strong healthcare system, and excellent healthcare is essential for every society and economy. However, there are significant concerns with medication safety and security as a result of fake and inferior medical items, which constitute a significant hazard and harm to consumers’ health. Globally, drug counterfeiting is a severe problem that endangers the public’s health as well as the health of consumers. The global business of manufacturing fake medications generates enormous annual revenue. To have a quality healthcare system, the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance and plays a vital role in medicine and pharmaceutical supplies. With emerging computer technologies like blockchain and IoT cutting across several industries and sectors and revolutionizing the world, a systematic literature review of various articles chosen from different databases was carried out in this study to analyze and evaluate application areas of this technology in the pharmaceutical industry and existing frameworks that have been proposed to solve problems faced in the pharmaceutical industry. The outcome of this review showed that the application of the blockchain and IoT hybrid framework can assist in reducing the drug counterfeit problem and provide solutions to most of the problems faced in the pharmaceutical industry. This study also proposed a framework that addressed the drawbacks of existing frameworks in the pharmaceutical industry.
With the rapid advances in information and communication technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become large and complex, bearing tremendous amounts of data and running devices in various scenarios. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, IoT can achieve superior information extraction, data analytics, and decision making, which has resulted in the revolutionized AI of Things (AIoT). AIoT can alleviate the pressure of storage, computation, and communication. Despite the promising features brought by combining AI technologies into IoT infrastructure, AIoT systems still face some serious challenges including inadequate efficiency, violation of security and privacy, lack of trust, and insufficient incentive. Blockchain featured by its distributed consensus and incentive mechanisms can be a promising technology for addressing the challenges in AIoT. AIoT employing blockchain is evolving with expectations of achieving efficient, secure, and trusted network activities. In this article, we first introduce the background of AIoT and blockchain. Then, we discuss the motivations for employing blockchain with its characteristics in AIoT. Furthermore, we comprehensively review existing solutions on blockchain for AIoT systems from the aspects of efficiency, security, privacy, trust, and incentive. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions on blockchain for AIoT.
Blockchain or distributed ledger technology has attracted great interest from companies in the energy industry. The combination of blockchain and energy is undoubtedly one of the most striking technological innovations in recent years. A typical application area of blockchain in the energy industry is trading and credit. Stakeholders use blockchain technology to promote distributed or wholesale energy transactions and create virtual grids. Consumers can trade between their own devices and resources, with their neighbors and with the grid. The whole process can be automated through smart contracts. In this article, we will discuss some use cases related to the application of blockchain in the energy field.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet of Things and AI
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The huge headway of new advances like the Web of Things and wearable innovation, the medical services industry is extending rapidly these days. To guarantee far off persistent observing, these devices are generally used. Client/server engineering is utilized in the ongoing execution. Due of the security and protection issues raised by this, medical care frameworks are currently more helpless against different assaults. The utilization of a dispersed engineering is expected to resolve these issues and submit to security rules. Block chain has drawn in a ton of interest as a modern innovation to address the security issues in IoT-based frameworks in light of its conveyed nature and its security ensures. With the new presentation of block chain and IoT, the medical care area is supposed to develop altogether and experience an expansion in monetary potential as well as security, protection, effectiveness, and straightforwardness. The client/server engineering is the underpinning of the ongoing execution. In this paper, various protection and security gives that make medical services frameworks more powerless against different assaults.
S D Subiramaniyan, Mohamed Fayas M P, Selva Bharathi S M, K. Sasikala · 6 authors
A blockchain is a distributed database that serves as a public ledger of all digital events and transactions executed and shared among participating parties. Consensus from a majority of system participants verifies each transaction in the public ledger, and once recorded, the information cannot be erased. The blockchain contains a verifiable record of every transaction ever made, making it similar to a cookie jar in a crowded marketplace compared to a secluded location. The product verification system utilizes the Ethereum blockchain to deploy smart contracts in blocks. There are two users: manufacturers and customers. Manufacturers can save product information, including product price, name, manufacturing date, location, and expiry date, in the blockchain as a smart contract. This information can be saved in QR codes and NFC tags that act as digital invoices for the product. Customers can confirm product details by scanning the QR code or NFC tag. Smart contracts are built using Solidity, and the deployment is completed using the Truffle blockchain deployment tool. Firebase handles authentication capabilities, allowing analytics on the number of authenticated customers.
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) plays an important role in strengthening sustainable healthcare systems. IoMT significantly influences our healthcare because it facilitates monitoring and checking patient medical information before transferring the data to a cloud network for future use. The IoMT is a big-data platform which is growing rapidly, so it is critical to maintain all data safely and securely. In this study, Blockchain-Assisted Cybersecurity (BCCS) for the IoMT in the healthcare industry is proposed. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that allows end-to-end communication and provides interaction between untrustworthy persons. BCCS uses a conventional in-depth approach and blockchain to create a procedure for collecting medical information from the IoMT and integrated devices. The proposed system utilizes blockchain to record and extract the accumulated information in a secure and distributed manner within a closed environment suitable for healthcare professionals, such as nursing homes, hospitals, and the healthcare industry where data exchange is needed. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed system has a high security rate of 99.8% and the lowest latency rate of 4.3% compared to traditional approaches. In all, the reliability of the proposed system gives the highest rate of 99.4%.
The healthcare industry generates vast amounts of data that must be managed and stored securely. Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare data management by providing a secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof way to store and share data. Today's medical data management systems require data transparency, traceability, Immutability, auditing, lineage, flexible access, trust, privacy, and security. Also, most of the existing Healthcare systems used to manage data are centralized and pose potential risks in the event of a single point of failure Natural disaster. Blockchain is an emerging and disruptive decentralized technology that has the potential to become an important technology. This research will show you the use of blockchain for medical data management systems can stimulate innovation and make great strides in improvement. It also describes the key benefits of hiring Opportunities in blockchain technology and the healthcare industry. The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of blockchain technology in health data management and identify related challenges.
Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger with records of data containing all details of the transactions carried out and distributed among the nodes present in the network. All the transactions carried out in the system are confirmed by consensus mechanisms, and the data once stored cannot be altered. Blockchain technology is the necessary technology behind Bitcoin, which is a popular digital Cryptocurrency. ''Cloud computing is a practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer and high computational power. It is still facing many challenges like data security, data management, compliance, reliability. In this article, we have mentioned some of the significant challenges faced by the cloud and proposed solutions by integrating it with blockchain technology. Many devices connected to grid help in exchange of information with power system using cloud computing. INDEX TERMS Cloud computing, Blockchain Technology, data security, decentralization.
Ahmed Mohsen Yassin, Heba K. Aslan, Islam Tharwat Abdel Halim
The automotive industry currently is seeking to increase remote connectivity to a vehicle, which creates a high demand to implement a secure way of connecting vehicles, as well as verifying and storing their data in a trusted way. Furthermore, much information must be leaked in order to correctly diagnose the vehicle and determine when or how to remotely update it. In this context, we propose a Blockchain-based, fully automated remote vehicle diagnosis system. The proposed system provides a secure and trusted way of storing and verifying vehicle data and analyzing their performance in different environments. Furthermore, we discuss many aspects of the benefits to different parties, such as the vehicle’s owner and manufacturers. Furthermore, a performance evaluation via simulation was performed on the proposed system using MATLAB Simulink to simulate both the vehicles and Blockchain and give a prototype for the system’s structure. In addition, OMNET++ was used to measure the expected system’s storage and throughput given some fixed parameters, such as sending the periodicity and speed. The simulation results showed that the throughput, end-to-end delay, and power consumption increased as the number of vehicles increased. In general, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) can implement this system by taking into consideration either increasing the storage to add more vehicles or decreasing the sending frequency to allow more vehicles to join. By and large, the proposed system is fully dynamic, and its configuration can be adjusted to satisfy the OEM’s needs since there are no specific constraints while implementing it.
In the New Year, Internet of Things (IoT) is industrializing in a few certifiable applications, for example, clever transportation, brilliant city to make human existence reliable. Extreme amounts of detecting information are being delivered from various sensors devices in the Modern IoT as a result of the growing industrialization of IoT. Understanding the constraints of flow innovations and the potential for future exploration techniques is necessary to the establishment of a secure and dependable information environment. A dishonest individual can connect with a trusted person through the blockchain, a decentralized digital ledger that tracks the conversation from start to finish. This report urges the medical care industry to deploy blockchain-coordinated digital protection in order to preserve clinically relevant things in light of the use of artificial intelligence in clinical settings. Applications based on blockchain may be able to precisely pinpoint the most serious, potentially dangerous mistakes in the medical sector. Blockchain-based decentralized information insurance safeguards patient health records from data theft.
Blockchain, the backbone of Bitcoin, has lately gained a lot of attention.Blockchain functions as an inflexible record that enables decentralized deals.Blockchain-grounded operations are sprouting up in a variety of diligence, including fiscal services, character systems, and the Internet of Things (IoT), among others.still, numerous hurdles of blockchain technology, including scalability and security issues, have to be overcome.Numerous diligences, including finance, drug, manufacturing, and education, use blockchain operations to subsidize this technology's unique set of parcels.Blockchain technology (BT) has the implicit to ameliorate responsibility, collaboration, association, identity, credibility, and translucency.We give an overview of the blockchain armature, different kinds of blockchain as well as information about the Decentralized apps which are also known as Dapps.An in-depth analysis of blockchain technology is provided in this study.
T. Sheeba, S Hemanth, Devaraj Verma C, A. N. Arularasan · 5 authors
Blockchain security via the Internet of Things (IoT) will reshape the decision-making function of the data-driven incumbent smart enterprise, providing the vision of the connected world of things. Enterprise IoT development of devices, personnel, and systems in such a way that they may connect and communicate with each other through the Internet. Blockchain is an enterprise financial transaction, and its digital network is distributed transaction ledger. Today, enterprises need the massive global data management and rapid trading volume to keep things going and growing. It creates enterprise business challenges of different types of security, transparency, and complexity of the problem. Enterprise architecture offers several advantages for the thief to obtain a specific user account, application, and access to the device. This is, will doesn't be to provide the necessities of security. The proposed Digital Hash Data Encryption (DHDE) is used to secure the transaction data-based embedded system people and blockchain. Blockchain and IoT technology integration may bring numerous benefits to mention. Therefore, the proposed DHDE algorithm comprehensively discusses the blockchain technology integration system. The proposed DHDE algorithm encrypts the transaction data for an unauthorized person who cannot access the enterprise transaction data based on embedded system people and blockchain.
Bipasha Sarker, Numair Bin Sharif, Mohammad Atikur Rahman, A. H. M. Shahariar Parvez
The healthcare industry is adopting new technologies such as AI, IoMT, and blockchain to enhance patient outcomes, reduce costs, and improve operational efficiencies. These technologies can revolutionize healthcare by facilitating personalized patient-focused care, improving clinical outcomes, and reducing expenses. However, the implementation of these technologies requires collaboration between healthcare providers, technology companies, and regulatory bodies to ensure patient privacy and data security. This study explores the role of AI, IoMT, and blockchain in public healthcare and their current applications, obstacles, and future research areas. It emphasizes the advantages that these technologies bring to the IoT and the difficulties involved in their implementation.
MANET is a collection of mobile nodes that communicate through wireless networks as they move from one point to another. MANET is an infrastructure-less network with a changeable topology; as a result, it is very susceptible to attacks. MANET attack prevention represents a serious difficulty. Malicious network nodes are the source of network-based attacks. In a MANET, attacks can take various forms, and each one alters the network's operation in its unique way. In general, attacks can be separated into two categories: those that target the data traffic on a network and those that target the control traffic. This article explains the many sorts of assaults, their impact on MANET, and the MANET-based defence measures that are currently in place. The suggested SRA that employs blockchain technology (SRABC) protects MANET from attacks and authenticates nodes. The secure routing algorithm (SRA) proposed by blockchain technology safeguards control and data flow against threats. This is achieved by generating a Hash Function for every transaction. We will begin by discussing the security of the MANET. This article's second section explores the role of blockchain in MANET security. In the third section, the SRA is described in connection with blockchain. In the fourth phase, PDR and Throughput are utilised to conduct an SRA review using Blockchain employing PDR and Throughput. The results suggest that the proposed technique enhances MANET security while concurrently decreasing delay. The performance of the proposed technique is analysed and compared to the routing protocols Q-AODV and DSR.
Information security has more demand for digital technology. Every industry transfers its data through computer networks for legal communication. The Internet of Things (IoT), sensor-based, is one of the most current advanced tools that can handle appropriate measures to control data operations across manufacturing industries. The demand for predictive machine reliability and quality drives the development of intelligent manufacturing technologies. To this goal, a variety of machine learning algorithms are being studied. Data protection and monitoring is also another concern that is a critical component of the organization. To overcome these issues, the proposed method uses Blockchain Technology (BCT) and Machine Learning to secure the information operations and manage a dataset. Significant data approaches were employed to organize and evaluate the obtained dataset. BCT allows collecting sensor user access data, whereas ML classifiers distinguish between normal and malicious behavior to detect attacks. DoS, DDoS, intrusion, a man in the middle (MitM), brute force, cross-site scripting (XSS), and searching are the attacks detected by BCT. Furthermore, the hybrid prediction technique assessed the fault detection prediction component. The program's quality control was set using non-linear machine learning techniques that represented the complicated world and determined the actual positive rate of the standard control methodology used by the platform. The experimental result shows that the proposed method outperforms empirical metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and response time. The proposed method efficiently provides security between innovative manufacturing transactions.
Integration of Blockchain technology and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in intelligent healthcare systems to offer decentralised, trustworthy, secure, reliable, and transparent healthcare services. Transaction latency, patient waiting time, scalability, performance optimisation, device connectivity, dynamic decision-making, and patient service are increasingly crucial in developing Blockchain-integrated IoMT healthcare systems. Most previously proposed works have focused on cloud, fog and edge computing integration with Blockchain technology, where a rise in the number of devices in the Fog layer makes it more challenging to process, collect, filter, and connect devices for vulnerability detection and authentication. It is also observed that unauthorised and vulnerable activities are also rising relatively. In this research, we proposed an IoMT framework with Blockchain integration that enables Cloud, Fog, and Mist Computing environments for healthcare systems and decreases network overload, energy consumption, long-distance communication, network traffic, resource utilisation, and healthcare service time. A safe, decentralised, transparent, irreversible, and reliable platform for sharing data in the healthcare industry is being created by Blockchain and smart contracts and their integration into the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Moreover, a drop-off queueing mechanism is employed to connect the Mist server through an access management module to shorten service times and patient wait times while providing access control for device connections.
Recently Internet of things (IoT)-based healthcare system has expanded significantly, however, they are restricted by the absence of an intrusion detection mechanism (IDS). Modern technologies like blockchain (BC), edge computing (EC), and machine learning (ML) provide a robust security solution that is well-suited to protecting patients' medical information. In this study, we offer an intelligent intrusion detection mechanism FIDANN that protects the confidentiality of medical data by completing the intrusion detection task by utilising Dwarf mongoose-optimized artificial neural networks (DMO-ANN) through a federated learning (FL) technique. In the context of recent developments in blockchain technology, such as the elimination of contaminating attacks and the provision of complete visibility and data integrity over the decentralized system with minimal additional effort. Using the model at the edges secures the cloud from attacks by limiting information from its gateway with less computing time and processing power as FL works with fewer datasets. The findings demonstrate that our suggested models perform better when dealing with the diversity of data produced by IoT devices.
Numerous industries, including e-healthcare, are capitalizing on and using blockchain and internet of things (IoT) technology. IoT devices may collect patient vitals and other sensory information in real-time, which medical professionals can then examine. All information gathered from the internet of things is stored, processed, and computed in one place. Such concentration raises concerns since it increases the likelihood of a catastrophic failure, distrust, tampering with data, and even the circumvention of privacy protections. By offering decentralized processing and storage for IoT data, blockchain has the potential to address these critical issues. As a result, designing a decentralized IoT-based e-healthcare system that incorporates IoT and blockchain technology might be a viable option. First, the authors provide some context about blockchain in this essay. The viability of blockchain systems for the internet of things-based e-healthcare is then assessed.
S. Jegadeesan, M. Navaneetha, P. Poovizhi, S. Pavithra · 5 authors
Modern farms are just the beginning of India’s extensive agricultural sector; nonetheless, misusing agricultural technology reduces crop production. Promoting the use of modern statistics in agriculture can help farmers deal with some challenges. A loss of production occurs when there is a lack of accurate information and communication. These are the topics that our article aims to cover. This Internet of Things (IoT) based software offers a smart tracking platform structure and is designed for an agricultural facility. With the primary goal of reducing water waste throughout the irrigation process, propose a fully intelligent agriculture system based on IoT. Develop a smart agricultural model based on the Internet of Things with the main objective of increasing crop yield by involving various parameters and by using blockchain. This study provides an in-depth understanding to support a contemporary, IoT-enabled blockchain framework to permit a consistent data exchange across many organizations. To provide a consistent record, transmission in the IoT is blockchain-assisted, and this study begin by expanding to the new authentication and key management schemes. Cloud servers use the encrypted transactions to analyze and detect intruders by using a unique deep-learning architecture. A thorough comparison shows the suggested approach offers higher safety and software features. The primary goal of this study is to use a blockchain-based methodology to ensure device safety.