Blockchain Papers

Bryan Teoh, Bak Aun Teoh, Bak Aun Teoh, Bak Aun Teoh

No abstract is available for this record.

Shuning Yao, Yuanyi Liu, Xiutian Shi

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been received extensive attentions. However, substantial CSR investment triggers some suppliers’ greenwashing behaviors which refer to hiding irresponsible operations and exaggerating CSR efforts, and raise concerns from consumers with CSR awareness. In this paper, we explore the impact of blockchain implementation on CSR efforts along a supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer under the supplier Stackelberg and retailer Stackelberg models. We consider a group of consumers with CSR awareness who have concerns about the supplier's greenwashing behavior. The adoption of blockchain helps the supply chain members foster consumers’ trust about CSR involvement, by linking CSR related information nodes to blockchain. We identify the conditions where blockchain implementation makes the supplier be more responsible. The supplier has stronger incentives to adopt blockchain when undertaking sufficiently high penalty after violation detection. Under the situation, the supplier makes more CSR efforts which is efficient in the presence of blockchain to eliminate consumers’ concerns about greenwashing. For the retailer, blockchain implementation is beneficial when the detection is efficient enough without blockchain and the penalty cost is not significantly high.

Rami Alkhudary, Pierre Féniès

Yet we cannot guarantee that the information that is shared among supply chain entities is correct. Blockchain has been proposed to solve the lack of trust in financial transactions. This paper examines whether blockchain enables entities in the supply chain to trust the shared information regarding the physical flow. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain how and why supply chain entities can trust the shared information when using blockchain. This paper deepens our knowledge of the use of blockchain in the supply chain. It also provides valuable insights to those working in information and supply chain management related-fields.

Carol Riona Lobo, Hendro Wicaksono, Omid Fatahi Valilai

The advancement in technology, such as, Smart Logistics, IoT, RFID, sensors, and 5G, resulted in the evolution of Industry 4.0 that has started gaining a lot of popularity among different sectors like last mile delivery. This is important as the rising demand for such technology enabled platforms has been found to be necessary for fulfilling the opt for e-commerce services to support the retail outlets. The literature shows that to relax the pressure on the last mile sector, blockchain technology can be an effective solution both to protect the firm financial aspects and sustainability requirements. To ensure efficiency in the system and success in the implementation of blockchain technology into the last mile delivery sector, it is essential to study the various factors and capabilities of blockchain to handle the existing problems and requirements to analyze the efficiency of this integration. The focus areas of this paper are mainly to identify the impact of applying blockchain technology to support the last mile delivery of goods. The impacted areas focus mainly on the efficiency of the process and its leverage on the costs, both administrative and operational, and level of sustainability achieved. The proposed platform has enabled the enhancement of the integration of blockchain into the last mile delivery. The proposed smart contract system is designed to efficiently assign the orders from the demander to the respective fleet providers with the help of miners. This assignment is made possible by considering the various aspects that have been stored into the system, namely geographical location, the proximity to the destination of delivery along the route of delivery, size of the parcels, and capacity of the fleet.

Qiqi Luo, Ruizhi Liao, Jiawei Li, Xinyu Ye · 5 authors

The credibility of information is known as a major cause of a wide range of issues, such as: altered product information in food supply chains; fake transactions on E-commerce platforms; lengthy claim settlement time in agricultural insurance; and costly borrowings in agricultural financing. For a more specific example in food supply chains, end customers want to check the product information, but either doubt the authenticity of information, or simply do not have access to the information. The reason is that upstream suppliers and downstream retailers are often reluctant to share data, fearing privacy loss or business secret leakage. The consequence is that regulatory departments may face enormous challenges to identify accurate contamination sources, if there is scarce information or falsely recorded information at any stage of the food supply chain. In this paper, we focus on four common scenarios demanding information credibility in the agricultural supply chain: product traceability, E-commerce platforms, agricultural insurance, and agricultural financing. We review some high-profile smart credibility applications with emphasis on how blockchain related technologies can provide the information credibility by examining extant issues and relevant frameworks.

Kevin Shang, Jing-Sheng Jeannette Song

We review the recent developments in dynamic inventory models with financial flow considerations. The focus is on the literature that introduces cash flow dynamics into the classic inventory models that do not explicitly consider the interactions between physical (or material) and financial flows. These augmented models serve two important purposes. First, they help understand the impact of financial flows on inventory dynamics and decisions. Second, with the connection to the classic inventory models, one can leverage the extant results to derive the optimal control policy or to evaluate/optimize the performance of any given type of policy and reveal insights. We summarize models for both single-stage and multi-stage inventory systems, and discuss the implications and applications to decentralized systems within a broader topic of supply chain finance.

Bryan Teoh

No abstract is available for this record.

Asad Ullah, Shahid Imran

The potential impact of block chain on supply chain management has been explored by many authors, and indeed, many articles in the popular press extol the benefits of blockchain in supply chain management. In simple terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger system, or a record book, except that it is not maintained by a single person but by anyone who is interested in keeping the records. Since blockchain is a new and revolutionary concept in technology, more techies are interested in it. However, it also has certain disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to explain the challenges and pitfalls of blockchain in supply chain and logistics. Using a systematic literature review method, this chapter identifies 31 publications that discuss the challenges and pitfalls associated with blockchain in supply chain and logistics.

Feruz K. Elmay, Khaled Salah, Ibrar Yaqoob, Raja Jayaraman · 6 authors

An unprecedented amount of goods and commodities are shipped and transported globally each day through different modes of transport. Due to its complexity, the maritime industry suffers from a lack of trust and secure ownership evidence, protracted documentation procedures, and excessive data aggregation. These shortcomings are reflected in cargo processing delays and elevated costs in the shipping process. Most of today’s systems and technologies leveraged for managing shipping containers in unimodal and multimodal logistics fall short of providing transparency, traceability, reliability, audit, security, and trust features. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution that allows users to trace and track their container shipments in a manner that is decentralized, transparent, auditable, secure, and trustworthy. We employ the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to overcome the limited data storage problem. We develop smart contracts and present algorithms along with their full implementation, testing, and validation details in both unimodal and multimodal logistics. We present security and cost analyses to show that the proposed solution is secure and cost-efficient. Furthermore, we compare our proposed solution with the existing solutions to show its novelty. All developed smart contract codes are made publicly available on GitHub.

Wafaa A.H. Ahmed, Bart L. MacCarthy

Blockchain research in the supply chain management field is growing. The complexities of blockchain as a technology and its potential implications for business and digital ecosystems have expanded the spectrum of research areas that need to be investigated to further develop this emerging field. The increasing number of applications of the technology in supply chain practice calls for theory-driven research to develop better understanding of blockchain and its implications for the supply chain. However, theory-based research on blockchain adoption, deployment and use is scarce, limiting theory development in the field. There is a lack of guidance on the range of theories that can be used to undertake theory-driven research that investigates different facets of blockchain adoption, deployment and use. We address this need in this research. We draw on the existing literature to develop a comprehensive list of factors and barriers for blockchain applications in the supply chain. We present a framework for theory-driven research capturing four distinct facets of supply chain research studies - intra-organizational, inter-organizational, technical, and external environment. Considering the multidisciplinary nature of blockchain research, we propose different theoretical perspectives that can be used alone or in combination to advance theory development in each area as the pace of blockchain adoption in the supply chain increases.

Krati Reja, Gaurav Choudhary, Shishir Kumar Shandilya, Durgesh M. Sharma · 5 authors

Supply chain management (SCM) is a system to manage the flow of goods and services, and from transforming the raw into finished products, it has challenges that are needed to be achieved like good quality services to the consumer, reducing labor cost, etc. Industries need to digitize real assets and make distributed, immutable transactions possible to trace assets from manufacture to supply. To overcome the lack of transparency and traceability of the products in the enterprise resource planning system in supply chain (SC) and logistics issues, there is a solid need to employ a method that can efficiently track assets from production to supply decentralized, immutable records of all transactions. A blockchain (BC) is a decentralized software network that follows a digital ledger to exchange entities digitally and a way through which it makes secure transactions. Thus, this chapter proposes integrating BC in logistics and SC monitoring by giving a template on how Python and Flask can be used for BC with the SCM system to improve traceability without involving any intermediary.

Lili Zhang, Wenhao Guo, Wenwen Yang, Di Su · 5 authors

As a decentralized and distrusted distributed ledger technology, blockchain is gradually applied in the IOT. Cost overrun are inherent part of most smart “IOT+ blockchain” projects. In order to guarantee a successful delivery of a smart “IOT+ blockchain” project with the ideal budget, with respect to the minimum cost of the forward problem is still higher than the approved budget, this research proposes a re-verse optimization method of 0-1 mixed-integer, bi-level programming model for reverse-inferring duration and personnel re-assignment. Based on a numerical experiment to a “IOT+ blockchain” construction project, the comparative results show that the reverse optimization method is superior to the forward method in terms of total cost reduction and can further shorten the duration. The result indicates that the reverse optimization methodology can be applied in scenarios which need to guarantee the objective value achieved through the proposed reverse modelling methodology by optimizing parameters and decision variables.

Justin Sunny, Kenil Shah, Prajwal Pandurang Ghoradkar, Manu Jose · 7 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

T. Poongodi, S. Sudhakar Ilango, Vaishali Gupta, Sanjeev Kumar Prasad

No abstract is available for this record.

Daniel Hellwig, Kai Wendt, Volodymyr Babich, Arnd Huchzermeier

No abstract is available for this record.

Arthur Egwuonwu, Arthur Egwuonwu, Chima Mordi, Ambrose Egwuonwu · 6 authors

Abstract Despite the increasing proliferation of deploying the internet of things (IoT) in the global value chain (GVC), several challenges might lead to a lack of trust among value chain partners, for example, technical challenges (i.e., confidentiality, authenticity, and privacy); and security challenges (i.e., counterfeiting, physical tampering, and data theft). In this study, we argue that blockchain technology (BT), when combined with the IoT ecosystem, will strengthen GVC and enhance value creation and capture among value chain partners. Therefore, we examine the impact of BT combined with the IoT ecosystem and how it can be utilized to enhance value creation and capture among value chain partners. We collected data through an online survey, and 265 U.K. Agri‐food retailers completed the survey. Our data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Our finding reveals that BT enhances GVC by improving IoT scalability, security, and traceability combined with the IoT ecosystem. Moreover, the combination of BT and IoT strengthens GVC and creates more value for value chain partners, which serves as a competitive advantage. Finally, our research outlines the theoretical and practical contribution of combining BT and the IoT ecosystem.

David King Boison, Ahmed Antwi-Boampong, Samuel Agbesi, Dennis K. Agboh

No abstract is available for this record.

Abhishek Rajput, Dnyaneshwar Jivanrao Ghode, Rakesh Jain

No abstract is available for this record.

Deqing Ma, Jinsong Hu

Inspired by the practice of platform retailers cooperates with blockchain technology service providers to improve the recycling rate of waste products and solve the three bottleneck problems of recycling, this paper examines how the platform should optimize the combination of “blockchain & sales format” to improve the economic, social and environmental (ESS) performance of the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). Through analytical models, three major effects of blockchain are revealed, namely brand premium effect, forward and backward attraction effect, and optimal combined effect. Besides, intuition suggests that the retail price decreases with increasing of consumer sensitivity to reference price effects, this result occurs in cases where reference price effects dominate demand. When the brand effect dominates demand, the counterintuitive result emerges that firms can raise the retail price with increased sensitivity. The implementation of blockchain will amplify the changes through brand premium effect in two corresponding cases. Another interesting finding is that only when the commission rate is extremely low/relatively high, the CLSC member can reach a stable cooperation relationship with the platform selling/agency selling. At the same time, the optimal “blockchain & sales format” of the platform that can achieve the triple benefits of EES in the CLSC is clarified. Furthermore, combined with the platform sales cases of different categories of products, this paper derives the “blockchain & sales format” combination strategy of platform enterprises for the universality of different attribute products.

Horst Treiblmaier, Abderahman Rejeb, Wafaa A.H. Ahmed

No abstract is available for this record.

Jona Stinner, Marcel Tyrell

No abstract is available for this record.

Agostino Capponi, Ruizhe Jia, Ye Wang

No abstract is available for this record.

Abdul Razak Zakieh, Semih Utku, Fady Amroush

No abstract is available for this record.

Prajwal Yadav, Ratnesh Bhosale, Rosalin Sahoo, Vivek Khanzode · 5 authors

Blockchain is the foundational technology of various cryptocurrencies. It has features such as nontempering, decentralization, security, anonymity, etc. Its distributed ledger technology has received broad research and industry attention. Cryptography, hash functions, peer-to-peer (P2P) consensus and smart contracts are being used in a wide variety of applications across industries to solve various problems. Supply chain finance is a model in which various financial institutions connect with stakeholders in the supply chain to optimize working capital and liquidity invested in supply chain processes and transactions. The Air Cargo industry is one of the essential parts of various global supply chains. Consisting of multiple nodes, the complexity in its structure makes it difficult for credit risk analysis for the creditors. Information asymmetry leads to a lack of trust between companies and creditors. Frauds and disruptions in the Air Cargo industry make it vulnerable from the perspective of Financial Institutions. A platform for Air Cargo Financing using Blockchain (ACFB) is proposed in this study to solve these problems; this would make a supply chain more transparent, trustworthy, and efficient for all the stakeholders and financial institutions.