Metaverse is becoming the new standard for social networks and 3D virtual worlds when Facebook officially rebranded to Metaverse in October 2021. Many relevant technologies are used in the metaverse to offer 3D immersive and customized experiences at the user’s fingertips. Despite the fact that the metaverse receives a lot of attention and advantages, one of the most pressing concerns for its users is the safety of their digital material and data. As a result of its decentralization, immutability, and transparency, blockchain is a possible alternative. Our goal is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of blockchain systems in the metaverse to properly appreciate its function in the metaverse. To begin with, the paper introduces blockchain and the metaverse and explains why it’s necessary for the metaverse to adopt blockchain technology. Aside from these technological considerations, this article focuses on how blockchain-based approaches for the metaverse may be used from a privacy and security standpoint. There are several technological challenegs that need to be addressed for making the metaverse a reality. The influence of blockchain on important key technologies with in metaverse, such as Artifical Intelligence, big data and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is also examined. Several prominent initiatives are also shown to demonstrate the importance of blockchain technology in the development of metaverse apps and services. There are many possible possibilities for future development and research in the application of blockchain technology in the metaverse.
Cryptocurrency has become an issue that have attracted the attention of individuals, investors and government taking into play that the rate at which it is been patronized online and the media hype its getting. This paper tends to examine cryptocurrency as an investment tool and its missing link. However, the paper identifies the major types of cryptocurrencies, how is it exchanged and measured. It further revealed the benefits of the digital currency as it is secured; transfers are made easier, less processing charges, removing the bottle necks when using banks and other financial institution as intermediary, etc. Despite these benefits, there tend to be a missing links which could affect its operations. Amongst which are lack of government support, transparency issues, subject to loss, theft and fraud, lack of central repository and investors protection clause, etc. The paper concludes that cryptocurrency as an economic innovation is disruptive the way it’s currently managed and if this vacuum is not adequately addressed, it will not survive in the future. The study further recommends that there is need to create a legal & regulatory framework guiding its operations, ensure full disclosure on its transactions, need to be centralized in nature and investors protection clause should be incorporated, etc.”
Jerzy Kisielnicki, Jan Zadrożny, Sebastian Fabisiak
Purpose: This article aims to present the results of qualitative research on the analysis of the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and organizational entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research is to determine, in terms of qualitative analysis, what kind of relationships are taking place. AI is part of a new trend in the development of digital technology, defined by the acronym DARQ. Its elements are the following digital systems: Distributed Ledger, Artificial Intelligence, Extended Reality, Quantum Computing. Methodology: The research procedure consists of the following stages: a literature analysis, qualitative research in the focus group, evaluation by experts, and the presentation of results, conducting three case analyses from various industries during the activity, which present the extent to which AI affects organizational entrepreneurship. Results: The research showed user support for the use of AI technology, especially in the implementation of procedures that support organizational entrepreneurship. The AI applied in the organization enables us to obtain effects on such elements of organizational entrepreneurship as creating new strategic solutions, evaluating these proposals, and monitoring the approach of the organization’s management through the use of tools such as a management cockpit and simulation models. The use of artificial intelligence in a modern organization is necessary to improve multifaceted and interdisciplinary processes that support organizational entrepreneurship. The use of AI shows the usefulness of digital technology in operational and strategic management. Limitations: Due to the lack of empirical, especially quantitative, materials concerning the application of all levels of categorization of the use of artificial intelligence in the discussed cases, supplementary research is required to provide a more comprehensive analysis of its applications. Originality/value: The thesis was justified that IT systems containing AI technology solutions are helpful in the implementation of procedures supporting organizational entrepreneurship. The thesis is complemented by a study consisting of examining the truthfulness of the statement that the consequence of using AI is to obtain in an organization the effects of both generating proposals for new development solutions and verifying the feasibility of the implementation of the procedures proposed by the organization management. The conducted research focuses on the assessment of the relationship between advanced information technologies and organizational entrepreneurship.
Blockchain technology could emerge as a disruptive innovation that streamlines financial transactions and attenuates their cost. Therefore, the financial industry must assess the opportunities and challenges presented by the technology. As a grand breakthrough, it could transform financial transactions and introduce new possibilities for established financial institutions as well as for new entrants. At the same time, incumbents and startups need to overcome technological, regulatory, and adoption challenges before blockchain technology can become a mainstream reality. Despite its potential, the literature on its impact on financial transactions is still fragmented, with weak empirical insights and limited theoretical explanations. Therefore, financial industry managers lack guidance on how to plan and prepare for the impact of blockchain technology on the operation of financial transactions. Against that backdrop, this dissertation explores the asserted and potential impacts on financial transactions with emphasis on asset verification, record keeping, data privacy, and transaction costs. The dissertation adopts a pluralist approach to examine the subject matter based on three approaches: analysis of the extant literature about blockchain technology concerning financial transactions; perception analysis based on interviews with financial executives, subject matter experts, and researchers; and a theoretical interpretation using transaction cost theory. Therefore, the dissertation synthesizes insights from the three approaches to offer managers of financial institutions guidance concerning the opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology.
Mohammad Kabir, Farid Ahammad Sobhani, Norhayati Mohamed, Dewan Mehrab Ashrafi
In today's corporate environment, the success of external auditors for producing quality reports depends on internal audit functions. Hence, ensuring internal audit quality is a must. Auditors' integrity and the presence of a transparent internal auditing process may all help to ensure internal audit quality. In this regard, with its irreversible nature, evolving blockchain technology (BT) is playing a critical role in offering a triple entry accounting system. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe how integrity (INTI) and internal audit transparency (TRPY) affect internal audit quality (AQLY). It also assesses the potential of blockchain technology as a moderating function in influencing AQLY. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to describe the causal connection in this research. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from Bangladeshi accounts and audit practitioners. According to the results, integrity and internal audit transparency substantially influence AQLY. The potential application of blockchain (APBN) has been discovered to moderate the relation between INTI and AQLY. TRPY and AQLY have a similar relationship, which APBN moderates. Thus, this research established a unique model employing INTI, TRPY, and APBN as the determinants, which provided a novel outlook in explaining the factors that can help in improving audit quality.
<strong>Purpose: </strong><em>The current study investigates the behavioral intention to use cryptocurrencies. The study's major goal is to prioritize the key motivations behind it mainly Investment in cryptocurrency and to learn the investors behavioral intentions.</em> <strong>Design/Methodology: </strong><em>This study examines whether different factors determine the investors towards cryptocurrency usage like Ease of use, Social Impact, Convenience, Trust, Price volatility, Individual believes, Privacy, Risk and Decision making.</em> <strong>Findings: </strong><em>This research's findings</em> <em>are intended to provide useful information on behavioral intentions of cryptocurrency users and merchants will be able to construct a viable business strategy to stay competitive.</em> <strong>Originality: </strong><em>A literature review is conducted to examine the cryptocurrency usage behavior of Investors. The goal is to review the existing cryptocurrency behavior & try classifying and provide an exhaustive analysis of the determinants influencing the cryptocurrency behavioral intention of its users. Academic references, as well as essential facts and data taken from websites, scholarly articles were used in the study.</em> <strong>Paper Type: </strong><em>Review Paper</em>
Solana is a blockchain platform with its own token, called SOL or Solana. As a blockchain network, Solana is a de-centralized public ledger for verifying and recording transactions. The Solana blockchain has smart contract capabilities. Unlike other blockchains, such as Ethereum, there is no repository or tool where to check for the source code of the smart contracts stored in the blockchain. These tools are crucial to increase the users' trust in this type of technology. Indeed, one of the most important features of the blockchain is transparency, i.e. the possibility to see the source code of the program to use, or in which the users wish to invest. However, in the blockchains that support smart contracts, what is stored is not the source code of the smart contract written in a high-level program understandable to humans, but the bytecode, i.e. a low-level code made for the hardware to be executed. For some blockchains, such as Ethereum, there are different tools, such as integrated development environment (IDE), that allow to verify that the smart contracts' source code corresponds to the bytecode installed on the nodes of the blockchain. Moreover, there are different repositories that collect smart contracts written in a high-level programming language and their corresponding bytecode. However, for the Solana blockchain, all these tools do not exist yet. The study proposes a web tool that allows verifying the ownership of a smart contract, i. e. the smart contracts' source code written in a high-level programming language corresponds to the bytecode deployed in the Solana blockchain. Moreover, we have published smart contracts' source code written in high-level programming via a public service that can be used by researchers, smart contract developers, and blockchain not-expert users.
Cryptocurrencies are considered digital asset that is saved on a computerized database in a public ledger format using strong cryptography methods or blockchain to secure the transaction record. In recent times it has attracted a large number of holders. Cryptocurrencies are based on entirely new technology, whose prospects are still undiscovered and unknown, which in turn attracted considerable academic studies directed towards creating theoretical models of cryptocurrencies and their possible prospects. In this study, we have considered the topmost cryptocurrencies namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin as they have a major part in the cryptocurrency market capitalization which is around 83.4% of the total market. The objective of the study is to understand whether there is a significant association between 4 cryptocurrency prices namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, and understand whether there is a significant relationship between the Bitcoin cryptocurrency pricing concerning Ethereum, Litecoin Ripple cryptocurrency prices. Secondary and primary data from different websites and questionnaires have been used for the study. It has emerged from the study that there is a high correlation between these cryptocurrencies' prices. It has also been found that Bitcoin prices increases, if Ethereum and Litecoin prices increases. Bitcoin prices decrease, only if Ripple prices increase.
Blockchain teknolojisinin yaygınlaşması, özellikle web3 ve metaverse gibi gelişmeler, blockchain ağındaki kayıt niteliğindeki kripto varlıkların hukuki açıdan incelenmesi ihtiyacını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Gerçekten de her gün farklı blockchain ağı üzerinde kripto varlıklar üzerinde birçok işlem gerçekleştirilmekte, işlem hacmi de artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu varlıkların hukuki niteliği incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Hukuki nitelendirmeden yola çıkarak blockchain ağında gerçekleştirilen kripto varlık devir işlemlerinin borçlandırıcı işlem ve tasarruf işlemi boyutları ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Kripto varlıkların eşya niteliğini haiz olmaması, gerek borçlandırıcı işlem, gerek ise tasarruf işlemi açısından birçok sorunlara sebebiyet vermektedir. Kripto varlıkların devrine ilişkin sözleşmelerin niteliği ve özellikle ifa engelleri, mevcut düzenlemeler ışığında incelenmiştir. Yine kripto varlığın devri ile eş zamanlı olarak blockchain ağı dışındaki bir eşyanın devrinin de amaçlandığı kripto varlık türlerinde eşya hukuku ilkeleri açısından birçok sorun mevcuttur. İşte söz konusu işlemlerin hukuki bir zemine oturtulması amacıyla bu çalışmada hak kavramından hareketle kripto varlık üzerinde gerçekleştirilen işlemlerin borçlandırıcı işlem ve tasarruf işlemi boyutları ele alınmış, sorunlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve mukayeseli hukuktan örneklerle muhtemel çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
To achieve more advanced mobile communication systems such as 5G, utilizing existing spectrum resources is effective. Therefore, many studies on spectrum sharing technology are being conducted. On the other hand, blockchain is getting attention as a highly reliable management method for distributed data. Blockchain is expected to be used in many ways other than financial services, and proposals have been made to use it for spectrum sharing. This paper gives an overview of leading spectrum sharing technology researches using blockchain. It also introduces the autonomous distributed dynamic spectrum sharing we proposed. Then we propose such spectrum sharing technology using smart contracts. This technology was achieved in an open environment, which has been attracting attention recently. This paper shows how to implement the spectrum sharing system in O-RAN environment. We also propose to use CA to utilize the shared spectrum in O-RAN environment. We implemented smart contracts and evaluated it. This paper discusses its use cases and the impact of the features related to smart contracts based on the evaluation results.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has had a significant impact on various industries in the accounting field. Through the retrieval of keywords and abstracts of 862 accounting journals on CNKI, and the statistics of relevant reports on the technical services launched by accounting firms for blockchain, with the help of Echart visualization software, the hot topics of research on the impact of blockchain technology on the accounting field are determined as follows: The problems of decentralization in blockchain system, real-time audit supported by blockchain, application of smart contracts, and role change of accountants and auditors are four aspects. Based on the research on the hot topics, the paper sorts out the current problems, and puts forward relevant suggestions such as strengthening the supervision system, advocating the flat management mode, promoting the construction of continuous audit activities, and strengthening the professional talent reserve. It provides reference for accountants and auditors to study blockchain technology in the future.
Industry 4.0 comprises of some disruptive technologies which are creating a significant impact in every fields. Recent development in these technologies has created a huge impact in the conventional supply chain model which forces the companies to evolve new models to face the upcoming challenges. One such promising technology which will disrupt and change the entire view of supply chain transparency is Blockchain. Blockchain is basically a chain of blocks that contain information that is nearly impossible to tamper. Blockchain is defined as stack of information linked with each other in blocks and highly resistant to changes. It is a distributed ledger completely open to everyone. Once we enter data in Blockchain it becomes nearly impossible to change it which will give us the authenticity of the data. Based on the literature study, we found that integrating Blockchain in the supply chain will improve the efficiency of the supply chain exponentially. Every transaction that happens in a supply chain can be integrated and recorded in the blocks of a decentralized Blockchain (Distributed ledger) which will be shared will many computers thus increasing the transparency. As each block is connected with each other it becomes nearly impossible to change the entered record as tampering a single block may result in complete loss of data. This will improve the transparency of the supply chain in every stage and improve the supply chain security and efficiency.
I examine the style and skill of small, medium, and large Bitcoin traders using order book data from the largest U.S.-based exchange, Coinbase. I find that all but the smallest traders are contrarian---they buy when prices have fallen and vice versa---and the larger the traders, the more contrarian they are. Additionally, large Bitcoin traders anchor to the 30-, 90-, and 120-day highs. On the other hand, smaller investors mainly trade based on investor sentiment and attention. Decomposing the order flows, I find that contrarian trades positively predict Bitcoin returns, and consistently, larger traders who are contrarian on average show evidence of market timing skills. On the other hand, sentiment- and attention-induced trading, which are mainly implemented by smaller traders, have no predictive power for returns. Overall, the results are consistent with larger traders being compensated for providing liquidity to smaller investors’ sentiment and attention-driven trades.