Dec 1, 2019·2019 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel & Distributed Processing with Applications, Big Data & Cloud Computing, Sustainable Computing & Communications, Social Computing & Networking (ISPA/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom)
Xueying Dong, Xianghan Zheng, Xiaoliang Lu, Xiaowei Lin
With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, under the background of promoting "Internet +" modern agriculture, the safety of agricultural products has aroused widespread concern in society, and further promoted the research of traceability technology of reliable and credible agricultural products. This paper proposes a method that apply the Internet of Things and blockchain technology to agricultural traceability scenarios. The method uses agricultural sensors to detect product production environment parameters, improve production efficiency, and uses blockchain technology combined with asymmetric passwords to provide security for the Internet of Things. Blockchain technology makes data irreversible and traceable, which enables the traceability of agricultural products to be realized. This paper also proposes a fusion method of blockchain technology and intelligent technology. It uses machine learning methods to analyze the production and sales data on the chain, helping producers and enterprises to improve efficiency and solve practical problems.
Animal shelters are known as safe places which are managed by governmental or nongovernmental organizations, however the way these establishments harboring animals is a controversial issue. Almost every country in the world have different approaches to that subject. As an example; United States of America and the Europe Union have acclaimed regulations about animal rights. However, the situation in many countries is not that bright for the stray animals. Stray animals face considerable ratios of violence, assault and death. The shelters have conspicuous problems, such as overpopulation, hunger, lack of space, forced mating, illegal euthanasia and death ratio. Those circumstances have put adopting and fostering mechanisms on a much more troublesome way. Our proposal includes a promising, trackable and transparent system solution based on blockchain technology for the animal shelters. Design of the system, requirements and possible usage scenarios have been proposed. The prototype is implemented on Ethereum. Smart contracts are implemented for autonomous work of the system.
Blockchain technology is an emergent technology that has been implemented in different areas: finance, maritime industry, trade, education, land registration and supply chain management.
Currently, the large volume of imports, the lack of interest of young people to work in the agroindustry, the lack of implementation of new technologies and the excessive participation of intermediaries in the supply chain are some of the main challenges the producers of the agricultural sector in Panama face. All this has repercussions on the absence of a traceability system that guarantees and certifies the origin of the products originating in this sector. This paper presents a design model that adapts new technologies such as blockchain in the agribusinesses in order to optimize the processes in the supply chain, and specifically improve the traceability of the product. First, the current state of the agricultural supply chain in Panama and the state of the art of blockchain technology are analyzed. Consecutively, the variables that influence the competitiveness of the agricultural sector as well as the basic principles of the blockchain technology are defined and an evaluation about which principles could optimize the competitiveness variables of the agricultural supply chain is made. Finally, a conceptual design model is presented that shows how the blockchain technology could improve processes in the Panamanian agricultural supply chain.
The need for beef supply chain traceability system is vital due to increase in counterfeiting and use of excessive preservatives and hazardous chemicals. To overcome these problems, it is needed a system which provides the option for the consumer to verify the origin of all input materials for food product based on one step forward and one step backward in supply chain mechanism. Blockchain technology is used as the solution to this problem. This paper aims to identify the requirement and designing the traceability system that could capture all relevant data. The design of beef supply chain traceability system will be described as a business process flow with BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), in which BPMN will be described the stakeholders involved with the task and needs of the designed system. Based on requirement analysis, this system composed of 4 stakeholders, namely the farmer, feedlot, industry, and retailer. The result showed that the blockchain can create a transparent and efficient supply chain through sharing data between the stakeholders.
Innovative technology is known of its crucial role towards cocoa production. Just as other cash crops, cocoa also generates income as well as offers direct or indirect employment to majority of people. Ghana is the second leading producer of cocoa beans in the world and has been earmarked as 2019 world's fastest growing economy by IMF in its World Economic Outlook. IMF predicts a growth rate of 8.8% for Ghana and 7.5% for Cote D'Ivoire as the second runner up. This research therefore assessed the role of innovative technology in cocoa beans food supply chain.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the contributions made by innovative technology through the application of blockchain technology towards effectiveness of cocoa bean food supply chain. The study also looked into how blockchain technology contributed in addressing common unethical issues in cocoa production. To achieve these objectives, a secondary source of data was analyzed and questionnaire was also administered to various cocoa farmers.Earlier findings from the literature review and other existing academic sources suggested that cocoa bean food supply chain is quite cumbersome and complex. However, it was found that, the application of blockchain technology has increased traceability and transparency in cocoa bean supply chains. The study also revealed that unethical activities in cocoa industry have decreased drastically.The contributions made by the study to the existing body of literature are twofold: (1) it made us understood how innovative technology through blockchain positively affects cocoa production; (2) it also showed how blockchain technology can be incorporated into cocoa bean food supply chains to enhance transparency, traceability and mitigate unethical activities in cocoa production.
Marcel Müller, Sandro Rodriguez Garzon, Martin Westerkamp, Zoltán Lux
In today's logistics processes, inter-organizational delivery services with strict end-to-end service level agreements lack transparent and trustful mechanisms to keep track of deliveries beyond organizational limits. Clearly traceable responsibility based on ownership without the possibility to circumvent penalties for violations of SLAs based on end-to end monitoring is needed. In this paper, we propose to let all organizations that are involved in the delivery of high value parcels mutually confirm handovers between organizations via a common distributed ledger. Smart sensors within parcels are used to immutably log violations of end-to-end service level agreements that are difficult to be detected by a visual check of the packaging during a handover. This concept of an inter-organizational distributed tracking system does not only increase transparency but it enables logistics organizations to rely on shared information when it comes to conflicts with respect to inter-organizational deliveries. The proposed approach offers more fine grain and holistic monitoring results than previously proposed concepts involving distributed ledgers and smart sensors.
With the development of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the existing IIoT platform has gradually formed a large-scale, heterogeneous distributed environment. How to ensure information security and achieve efficient product traceability is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of the steel IoT platform. In view of the low transparency of information traceability of current steel products and the defects of information islands, in this article the blockchain-based steel IoT quality traceability system is developed and adopted the alliance chain mode and the Hyperledger blockchain platform. Experimental tests prove that production companies, logistics, and consumers can participate in the information certification of steel products via the system. Consumers can understand the real product manufacturing process, effectively avoiding the incomplete information and low transparency in the traditional information traceability process, and effectively trace the quality of steel products. The system provides an effective scheme for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the steel industry.
Francesco Longo, Letizia Nicoletti, Antonio Padovano
Abstract Food supply chains are benefiting from blockchain technology, as it establishes a shared, secure record of information flows, thus reducing food safety risks, increasing consumers’ trust in products’ provenance and enhancing supply chain efficiency. However, despite some embryonic applications, systematic literature review reports very few investigation studies. This article proposes a potential design and update frequency of relevant data to be stored in the Ethereum blockchain for monitoring and traceability purposes and explores the cost connected to every transaction in the case of a fresh milk processing industry and supply chain, from dairy farms to the end consumers. Results show that (i) investments are limited for the supply chain actors; (ii) the benefits of a blockchain-enabled supply chain can be achieved with a minimal impact on the product’s consumer price, and (iii) the costs of operating the blockchain increases as we move down along the tiers of the supply chain.
Yorghos Voutos, Γεώργιος Δρακόπουλος, Phivos Mylonas
Smart agriculture is increasingly becoming a paramount financial sector with important implications on a global scale. The real time weather and soil status monitoring as well as the desired higher food quality are major drivers behind this technological, ecological, and financial trend. This work explores the enticing prospect of combining IoT and smart contract technologies with smart agriculture in order to deliver not only higher quality agricultural products, but also improving the associated supply chain and agricultural logistics, thus resulting in multiple benefits for all the parties involved. Emphasis is placed on deriving similarity metrics for tuples describing soil and climate conditions based on numerical and possibly categorical data. Moreover, a sample implementation of one such metric is given in Solidity, a high level language for formulating smart contracts designed for the Ethereum Virtual Machine is also provided as a concrete example. Finally, aspects of agricultural asset digitization, a crucial step for smart contracts relying on physical objects are also discussed.
Abstract In recent years, with the increase of consumers’ attention to the quality of agricultural products, reliable and reliable traceability technology of agricultural products has been paid more attention. This paper proposed a block-chain traceability system based on smart agriculture with the integration of wireless sensor network. The system has realized the agricultural product traceability system based on Ethereum. After farmers access to the system, data acquisition front-end data storage to block-chain system, the use of block-chain itself has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-resistant, security encryption, combined with the backend database management and traceability QR code to provide consumers with safe, reliable and real farm products traceability information. Building a holographic database of the tea whole industry chain from farmland to table, adopting the food risk assessment and safety traceability technology based on the hazard factor to design the multi-role, multi-link and multi-factor intelligent management system to realize the efficient control of food quality and safety.
Traceability of ingredients in food supply chains has become paramount in a world in which markets become global, heterogeneous, and complex and in which consumers expect a high level of quality. The food supply chain consists of many organizations having different interests and are often reluctant to share traceability information with each other. Blockchain has been advocated for improving traceability by providing trust. Yet, practice proved to be more stubborn. The goal of this paper is to identify boundary conditions for sharing assurance information to improve traceability. Four cases in the food supply chain have been investigated using a template analysis of 16 interviews. Eighteen boundary conditions categorized in business, regulation, quality and traceability categories have been identified. Some boundary conditions were found in all supply chains, whereas others were found to be supply chain specific. Standardization of traceability processes and interfaces, having a joint platform and independent governance were found to be key boundary conditions before blockchain can be used. Our findings imply that supply chain systems have first to be modified and organizational measures need to be taken to fulfill the boundary conditions, before blockchain can be used successfully.
This paper proposes an approach to enhance traceability in Pharma supply chain using Internet of Things (IoT) edge devices and Blockchain. Traditional supply chain systems have gaps exploited by anti-social elements to distribute counterfeit medicines and devices. Blockchain ensures source to consumer traceability and tracking which helps to improve efficiency in the industry by ensuring consumer protection, building trust and improving quality of service.
This paper proposes a generic agri-food supply chain traceability system based on blockchain technology implementing the "from-farm-to-fork" (F2F) model currently used in the European Union, which can integrate current traceability rules and processes. The proposed system allows the consumer to reconstruct the product history up to the origin in order to verify product health and quality by simple QR code scan. The blockchain chosen for this purpose is Hyperledger Sawtooth, issued with writing permissions and rules to guarantee access only to members recognized as legitimate participants in the process. The whole system has been realized according to an agile methodology (ABCDE), recently devised for designing a general blockchain system with software engineering practices by mean of User Stories and UML diagrams, in order to obtain a higher software quality. All of the involved operators are able to identify any participants along the entire supply chain, increasing the degree of trust between organizations and individuals, with autonomous management of temporal sequence of activities.
Thomas K. Dasaklis, Fran Casino, Constantinos Patsakis
Identifying the optimal granularity level of traceable units is necessary when implementing traceability, particularly in food supply chains. In this paper we propose a generic framework for defining granularity levels based on product's unique characteristics, supply chain processes and stakeholders engagement. We determine different levels of granularity by using smart contracts within a blockchain-enabled supply chain traceability architecture. The granularity relates to different levels depending on the application of information within a company and between companies across complex supply chain networks. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated with a food supply chain use case scenario by developing a local private blockchain-enabled architecture. The overall benefits of the proposed model are discussed along with several fruitful areas for further research directions.
This short paper presents a proof-of-concept prototype how distributed ledger technology can be used to ensure transparency of production: the blockchain collects data from machines and sensors, ensures integrity of information, integrates a database and enables traceability. The prototype is developed according to the design science paradigm to demonstrate the principles of blockchain and Internet of Things integration in an automotive manufacturing use case. We present an information system architecture for a traceability system based on blockchain technology and Internet of Things.
In this paper, we propose a blockchain inspired Internet-of-Things architecture for creating a transparent food supply chain. The architecture uses a proof-of-object-based authentication protocol, which is analogous to the cryptocurrency's proof-of-work protocol. The complete architecture was realized by integrating a radio frequency identification (RFID)-based sensor at the physical layer and blockchain at the cyber layer. The RFID provides a unique identity of the product and the sensor data, which helps in real time quality monitoring. For this purpose, a small feature size 900-MHz RFID coupled sensor was fabricated and demonstrated for real time sensor data acquisition. The blockchain architecture aids in creating a tamper-proof digital database of the food packages at each instance. A detailed security analysis was performed to investigate the vulnerability of the proposed architecture under different types of cyber attacks.
Ricardo Borges dos Santos, Nunzio Marco Torrisi, Erick Reyann Kasai Yamada, Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
The use of smart contracts and blockchain tokens to implement a consumer trustworthy ingredient certification scheme for commingled foods, i.e., recipe based, food products is described. The proposed framework allows ingredients that carry any desired property (including social or environmental customer perceived value) to be certified by any certification authority, at the moment of harvest or extraction, using the IGR Ethereum token. The mechanism involves the transfer of tokens containing the internet url published at the authority’s web site from the farmer all along the supply chain to the final consumer at each transfer of custody of the ingredient using the Cricital Tracking Event/Key Data Elements (CTE/KDE) philosophy of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). This allows the end consumer to easily inspect and be assured of the origin of the ingredient by means of a mobile application. A successful code implementation of the framework was deployed, tested and is running as a beta version on the Ethereum live blockchain as the IGR token. The main contribution of the framework is the possibility to ensure the true origin of any instance or lot of ingredient within a recipe to the customer, without harming the food processor legitimate right to protect its recipes and suppliers.
Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Samar Iqbal, Osama Rizwan, Syed Umair Aslam Shah · 6 authors
Food provenance is one of the most challenging problems that FSC. companies face today. A global supply chain network with multiple operating procedures and asymmetrical food regulations between countries makes end-to-end food tracking incidental to the food industry. Blockchain empowers new kinds of distributed applications design. Initially, Blockchain technology has been embraced in electronic money, yet this tech is significantly more promising for different areas loo. In this paper, are getting to present Blockchain technology easily. Additionally, we are talking that Blockchain technological innovation is also utilized in the industrial process from the retail industry to its advantage towards the client and additionally for that merchant to fantastic scope. During its heart, Blockchain is mainly thrilling because of the ability that it must empower increased confidence, transparency, and cooperation round constituencies which will otherwise battle to reach up to now belter. As distribution chain sophistication rises, there is an apparent chance to induce efficiency as a result of higher cooperation and transparency in between various constituencies like manufacturing companies, vendors and delivery carriers, insurance, importers, wholesalers, and merchants. Being aware of in Real-time the specific supply, spot, and condition of most inventory while in the machine might be quite a game-changer for most organizations, notably those working in perishable or luxury-goods. Unlike present systems, that rely heavily upon every element to keep its clear and dispersed database significance restricted and frequently postponed penetration to the standing of products anyplace from the machine Blockchain eases real-time and dependable information sharing one of the components and may provide consensus regarding the actual condition of their machine into parties.