Blockchain is a distributed ledger that is both decentralized and distributed. There is a Node that acts to keep track of all transactions on the Blockchain across all networks. Due to the immutable or immutable nature of Blockchain technology, the risk of fraud is extremely low. In the realm of education, this is unquestionably a highly practical and safe technology for conducting digital certification, recording, and so on. It is envisaged that Blockchain technology would be able to tackle difficulties that frequently arise in the field of education. The blockchain-based educational architecture has enormous promise for minimizing the degree of cheating that is so prevalent in the educational environment. This study employed a multi-method approach, with the goal of examining Blockchain-based education design, Blockchain features used, and Blockchain-based educational services as a consequence of the study. Each of these areas is critical to the implementation's success.
The development of online education has broken the limitations of traditional education in region and time, and promoted the reform of education. However, there are some problems in traditional online education, such as data island, lack of data sharing model and so on. This paper constructs an online education data management model based on blockchain technology, which solves the problems of trust authentication of online learning data and curriculum resources; We put forward the trust generation and security sharing mechanism of online education data, analyze its security, and realize the security sharing of online education data on the basis of privacy protection.
Agung Rizky, Ninda Lutfiani, Wayan Sri Mariyati, Apriani Atika Sari · 5 authors
Decentralization is the division of centralized power processes as a whole into separate ones. Blockchain technology is a basic technology that enables decentralization and gives all users the opportunity to become part of the validator or node for future transactions. The purpose of this research is to develop and develop a tamper-resistant E-Journal Mobile Application system using Blockchain Technology, which supports reliable and auditable computing using a decentralized network, not only that, this research can also develop and develop an E-Journal Application System. Cellular that is resistant to interference from hackers or system crashes. By using Blockchain technology, it can solve problems that are reliable and can be done and controlled using a decentralized network. with great hope that choosing this type of decentralized blockchain technology will be useful in preventing errors and errors in the system. This is one of the main strengths of Blockchain Technology. With this decentralized transaction log, it will not be easy and it is impossible for a database consisting of hundreds to thousands of computers to be hacked or tampered with easily. This research is a model that can be implemented as a Blockchain technology development on Mobile Apps E-journals. In this study will be made using 3 methods, namely the data analysis method, the analysis method using SWOT and the development method using a waterfall with a combination of the three methods will make this research more effective and efficient.
Mohd Ibrahim Mallick, A. Sengupta, S. Ingawale, A. Aljapurkar
In this Industry 4.0, with the growing technology and the cyber risk is growing and technology loses its trust, and there comes the concept of Blockchain. Blockchain-based on a distributed digital ledger technology, which helps to create a smart, secure and transparent system. And in Industry 4.0 it becomes a need for any organization to adapt blockchainbased technology in Human Resource functions to ensure a transparent and secure environment. The blockchain-based technology can help to find the right candidate by identifying skills, knowledge, and experience, and as a result, it can boost the productivity of the business very effectively. Blockchain will help fill the business gap, which brings great results to HR and its employees. There is a feeling that technology has dissolve trust in current years, due to rise of cyber threats. So, now blockchain is developing a way to use technology to regain trust. HR purposes and responsibilities need to start putting the blockchain next to other arising technologies in developing their digital strategy. Exploring the potential blockchain to improve efficiency and effectiveness should be considered along with the broader implications for future work. This research paper develops the idea that Blockchain-based technology improves recruitment and selection processes compared to the existing recruitment system and helps in employer evaluation.
The phrase "Metaverse" has grabbed the imagination of younger generations. The Metaverse seamlessly merges the physical and virtual worlds, allowing avatars to engage in a variety of activities such as creation, exhibition, entertainment, social networking, and commerce. The metaverse will be enabled, populated, and sustained by artificial intelligence (AI). The Metaverse will be developed with augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), as well as AI, digital networks, and blockchains. Meta is well-known for its work in artificial intelligence and algorithmic development. Artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies are poised to play important roles in the ever-expanding metaverse. Metaverse, for example, uses artificial intelligence, a digital network, and blockchain to build a digital virtual world in which anybody may participate securely and freely activities that are social and economic in nature but do not take place in the physical world.
Mohamed Abdel Kader Mohamed Elgendy, Mohamed Aborizka, Ali Allam
A blockchain is a data structure that is implemented as a distrusted database or digital ledger. The transactions are saved to a block of transactions that is attached in turn to the blockchain after the verification process, in which each block in the chain contains a hash signature of the previous block in addition to the hash signature of the block itself. The blocks on the blockchain are chained as an immutable list using the proof-of-work procedure, where there is no way to alter or delete an attached block due to the strict security policy used for structuring the chain of blocks. Each node holds a copy of the blockchain in which the miners take the responsibility of verifying and attaching blocks to the blockchain. The Ethereum blockchain introduced the smart contract which holds logic to be processed once the contract is established. These smart contracts are developed via the Solidity programming language. This proposed paper exploits the Ethereum blockchain along with smart contracts as the base technology for implementing the proposed blockchain-based model. The paper aims to develop a multilayered blockchain-based model, in which the blockchain model is set up on a private blockchain Ethereum network where the nodes share the electronic medical records (EMR) among the P2P (peer-to-peer) network that will be used to secure the IoT medical transactions. Solidity smart contract, introduced by Ethereum, is deployed to handle the EMR “open-query-transfer” operations on the private network, whereas the miners are responsible to validate the transactions. Finally, the research conducts a performance analysis of the Ethereum network using the Ethereum Caliper, considering several performance factors, which are: Maximum Latency, Minimum Latency, Average Latency, and Throughput.
Hamdi Hamdi, Sukardi Sukardi, Isfenti Sadalia, Rico Nur Ilham · 5 authors
Bitcoin is virtual money or electronic money that does not have a fixed or physical form that can be seen in the real world but is available and used in cyberspace. Bitcoin is one type of cryptocurrency spread in the world. In the current era of the covid-19 pandemic, the use of cryptocurrencies is
Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country, the survival of extensive zakat is very important for society. In the era of digital technology, the government encourages the government to improve classical zakat administration to ensure transpiration and the principle of facilitating zakat payments. This paper provides a study of the Islamic economic perspective and the potential application of zakat on cryptocurrencies. This paper provides a study of the Islamic economic perspective and the potential application of zakat on cryptocurrencies. In this study the author uses a qualitative approach where the main source is from the Indonesian zakat administration law and the secondary sources are published journals, articles, and reports. The findings of this paper suggest that governments and NGOs should facilitate and accept zakat payments in cryptocurrencies, because one of the advantages is the ability to make transactions more transparent and cross-border using blockchain technology. Provide a sense of security and more trust to the community towards zakat organizations in Indonesia. This study also found a way to calculate cryptocurrency zakat by determining the nisab, consistently above 85 grams for 12 months, so you can pay 2.5% zakat using the value of currency or value of precious metal. This research will help zakat managers in Indonesia to adopt technology in this regard.
The development of new technology has the potential to disrupt and transform an existing system as well as information technology. This study aims to build a proposed model in order to transform an old system into a Blockchain-based system. The smallholder oil palm supply chain currently uses a traditional information system and technology, hence its integrity, transparency, and security are vulnerable. To solve this problem, frontier technology is needed, such as a blockchain, which has trust, transparency, and traceable characteristics to improve performance and quality. The method used in this study was digital transformation in the context of operational processes and technology. In addition, the As-Is To-Be model was used as a mechanism to develop a transformation model for the smallholder oil palm supply chain system. Specifically, the As-Is model was implemented in identifying and analyzing the information system and technology in an already existing system, while the To-Be was used to determine the blockchain potential and characteristics. This becomes the proposed model for the transformation of the old system into a Blockchain technology-based. Also, a prospective and mechanism for system transformation were produced in the aspect of transactions, data, and architecture, as well as the flow of change strategies needed in the transformation of the blockchain-based smallholder oil palm supply chain system.
Mochammad Fahlevi, Vional Vional, Rahandika Mita Pramesti
The aim of this study is to determine stakeholder acceptance of the blockchain and to investigate a suitable model using a Technology Acceptance Model with specific reference to corporate governance through cryptography in solving decades of financial record-keeping problems. Stakeholders in corporate governance, namely customers, creditors, suppliers, communities, employees, owners, investors, trade unions and social activists, can benefit in different ways. Investors can benefit from buying equity at a lower price and selling it on a market with greater liquidity, but they will find it difficult to disguise their trades. This study argues that almost all aspects of corporate governance can be improved through the application of this technology, which results in greater transparency, increases liquidity, and lowers costs. Corporate governance will also be better because blockchain technology uses the concept of a distributed ledger which allows data to be distributed at every connected point in an efficient and accountable manner, so that all parties in the blockchain can exchange data in real time.
Blockchain is the latest disruptive innovation. It is the underlying technology of cryptocurrency. However, the facts show that most cryptocurrencies are stuck in big issues such as scalability issues, resulting in longer transaction times. A two-layer solution was offered in previous studies to solve the scalability problem, but many issues emerged from this idea. Some of the 2 Layer proposals use the Proof of Work (PoW) protocol model, and some other studies use the Proof of Stake (PoS) protocol model. In this study, the authors propose the Hybrid Lightning Protocol to solve the scalability problem of Blockchain networks by combining the Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) protocols without sharding. The author analyzes and designs the development of the Blockchain protocol based on previous research. This research is a Blockchain protocol model that can achieve a maximum throughput of around 1,668,000 transactions/second on a 2 Gbps Fiber network, which can reduce cryptocurrency volatility and shorten transaction times by solving scalability problems.
As a typical representative of web 2.0, Ethereum has significantly boosted the development of blockchain finance. However, due to the anonymity and financial attributes of Ethereum, the number of phishing scams is increasing rapidly and causing massive losses, which poses a serious threat to blockchain financial security. Phishing scam address identification enables to detect phishing scam addresses and alerts users to reduce losses. However, there are three primary challenges in phishing scam address recognition task: 1) the lack of publicly available large datasets of phishing scam address transactions; 2) the use of multi-order transaction information requires a large number of queries and computations; and 3) the extraction of phishing scam address features relies on machine learning methods excessively, which leads to the loss of practical meaning and is harmful to the research of phishing scam addresses. This paper proposes a systematic phishing scam address recognition scheme, to simultaneously overcome the three challenges in phishing scam address recognition. In this paper, a systematic phishing scam address recognition scheme is proposed to addresses these issues. Specifically, due to the insufficient number of address tagged in the existing publicly available Ethereum phishing scam address transaction dataset, we first construct a transaction dataset involving over 10000 tagged addresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest dataset of tagged addresses for Ethereum phishing scam detection. Then, we design a new heuristic rule to implement feature extraction of address nodes by analysing the traditional financial involved accounts combined with information specific to Ethernet transactions. After that, a novel adaptive feature importance filtering method is designed to adaptively adjust the filtering threshold based on the final classification results, which reduce the feature dimensionality while ensuring a certain detection performance. Finally, random forest is used to classify whether the addresses is a phishing scam address or not. Extensive experiments on real Ethereum datasets show that our approach (98.89% Precision, 98.35% Recall, 98.62% F1) achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Ratna Ekawati, Yandra Arkeman, Suprihatin Suprihatin, Titi Candra Sunarti
The complex supply chain system for the sugar agroindustry supply chain involves many actors, resulting in the asymmetry of information data. It still leads to a lack of data transparency. In the past, data traceability could not be made efficient at every stage, so the record data transaction was not real-time, less accurate, and inefficient coordination between actors. Blockchain is one of the technologies in the 4.0 era as a distributed ledger technology. It can be transparency, traceability, security, immutability, and decentralization. This study aims to design a white sugar agroindustry system based on blockchain technology using the SDLC waterfall stage public. Ethereum is a proof-of-work convention based on the Ropsten test-net on the Metamask wallet. The sugar supply chain system that has been successfully developed allows consumers to track the purchased sugar products based on the transaction hash code sent by the seller. The data listed is the location of the plantation, the quantity (quintal) and quality of sugarcane (percentage), and the purchase price. A web-based blockchain application could be used as a model by national sugar factories to help them make enough sugar food for themselves.
Surat Keterangan Pendamping Ijazah (SKPI) sangat berharga bagi para lulusan perguruan tinggi yang sedang mencari pekerjaan, oleh karena itu rentan terhadap pemalsuan dan manipulasi. Blockchain merupakan teknologi basis data terdistribusi yang mendukung integritas data, keterbukaan, dan ketelurusuran. Teknologi ini tepat digunakan untuk mencatat dan menyimpan surat berharga sebagai suatu aset digital yang bersifat terbuka dan interoperable. Untuk itu standard ERC721 digunakan untuk merepresentasikan SKPI sebagai Non Fungible Token. Penelitian ini membangun sistem penerbitan SKPI sebagai aset digital dalam standar NFT yang membutuhan ekosistem pengembangan teknologi Web3. Sistem berhasil dibangun, diimplementasikan, dan diujicobakan pada sebuah jaringan blockchain (Test-Net).
The 21st century has brought about Blockchain technology, which became a vital innovation in supply chain management and logistics. Blockchain technology is a digital ledger of replicated and disseminated transactions across all the nodes on the Blockchain network. Global logistics is the flow of data and resources between the point of origin and consumption. The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution enhanced the incorporation of technology into all logistics processes and led to the advent of Smart Logistics. The application of Blockchain technology in global logistics effectively advances and allows decentralization and immutable data storage. Blockchain technology has the capability to diminish errors, damage to goods, order delays, and multiple data entries. Essentially, Blockchain technology streamlines global logistics by making it more integrated, efficient, and transparent. The approach of this study can be described as a theory-building from multiple case studies. The study furnishes insight into Blockchain technology, its application and importance in global logistics and smart logistics, and possible opportunities and challenges to be encountered. The goal of this study is to emphasize how Blockchain technology can be advantageous to global logistics systems.
The development of information technology will be related to all fields including finance. Cryptocurrency (Cryptocurrency) or often referred to as virtual currency / digital currency is the result of a development of financial technology (financial technology). Digital currencies began to be widely used as a means of payment on the internet. The purpose of this currency is to Provide convenience and security in payment. With blockchain technology in it, making transaction costs cheaper. However, the Government in this case Bank Indonesia prohibits transactions using digital / virtual money because it has a harmful impact on the Financial System, Monetary Stability and Payment System in Indonesia. This study explains the impact of Cryptocurrencies on the Indonesian economy and the government's attitude towards existing technologies inside. In terms of the technology offered, cryptocurrency is a development of financial technology that allows to change paper money into digital money in financial transactions in the future. It is hoped that the government can review the technology contained in cryptocurrencies more deeply so that the policies made later do not prohibit the technology contained in cryptocurrencies and provide knowledge to the public to better understand about cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency, which does not have a physical form like fiat money. This crypto currency can only be used through devices such as PCs, laptops, smartphones and other devices that are connected to the internet. There are several advantages in a crypto system that uses blockchain system, such as transaction security, convenience, speed and can be used across countries and continents, however cryptocurrency which is currently circulating also still have weaknesses, including there is no supervisory authority, even many countries have disagreements over the legality of this cryptocurrency. The debate about the pros and cons regarding to the use of cryptocurrency becomes dynamics among the experts including the scholars who have study from Islamic point of view. This research aims to examine the dynamics of using cryptocurrency from ushul fiqh point of view, where the methods which used in this research are al-qur'an, al-Hadith, Qiyas and Sad-Adzariyah. Basically the use of cryptocurrency is allowed to meet cetain conditions that is by removing batil elements as in Quran surah An-Nisa verse 29, those batil elements are gharar and mayshir. Moreover, cryptocurrency must also have clear legality in a country for security in their use.
Blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in sequence in chronological order. It has the advantages of decentralization, immutability, distribution and transparency. Blockchain is mainly used in economy and finance, judicial practice, social governance, public welfare and charity, and other fields in China. As a new technology, the risks and challenges brought by blockchain include but are not limited to: algorithm security, convenience for crime, difficulty in determining jurisdiction, and inability to guarantee the right to be forgotten. To prevent blockchain risks requires to establish scientific algorithm rules, improve blockchain legislation, innovate regulatory measures, and establish a blockchain global governance system.
Bitcoin saat ini sudah mulai di kenal sebagai asset digital bagi para milenial dan tidak hanya menginvestasikan dana dalam instrument investasi tradisional seperti saham, obligasi, dan reksadana, generasi milenial juga mulai menginvestasikan dana dalam bentuk mata uang Criptocurrency dan menjadi sebuah tren investasi baru yang sedang meningkat di Indonesia dan merupakan instrument investasi paling menguntungkan di decade ini. Permasalahan yang sering muncul yaitu salah satunya adalah Cryptocurrency tidak bisa di prediksi dengan mudah, salah langkah dalam menganalisis dan prediksi akan berakibat fatal terhadap asset yang dimiliki, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerugian besar ketika pelaku investor/trader melakukan keputusan tanpa berdasarkan analisa dan prediksi yang tepat. Algoritma MA dapat meminimalisir kesalahan dalam prediksi yang sering keliru dilakukan para investor/trader dalam memprediksi yang sering didasarkan pada intuisi dan emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil akurasi dari algoritma MA terhadap peramalan harga Bitcoin dan menentukan di posisi mana algoritma ini lebih efektif untuk digunakan dalam strategi analisis sehingga diharapkan informasi ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk para pelaku trader/investor dalam menentukan keputusan Buy, Sell or Hold dalam berinvestasi dan mengurangi kesalahan proses perdagangan jual dan beli pada Bitcoin.
Lately, cryptocurrency investors and transactions in Indonesia are thriving, the number of crypto asset investors as of the end of February 2021 has reached 4.2 million people, which exceeds the number of stock investors in Indonesia. This study aims to determine specifically cryptocurrency as an investment in commodity futures trading in Indonesia using the MaqÄsÌ£id al-Sharī’ah approach. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used is literature study by collecting data from previous studies in the form of documentation of articles, journals, or books as well as publication data from other parties. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and concluding, from the collected data analyzed through SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) then continued using the MaqÄsÌ£id al-Sharī’ah approach (MasÌ£lahÌ£ah and Mafsadah). The results show that cryptocurrency technology with blockchain can indeed be recognized as an excellent revolutionary technology, but the position of cryptocurrency as an investment in commodity futures trading contains an element of gambling because it contains high speculation and is gambling by taking advantage of the level of volatility. In addition, cryptocurrencies are prone to be used by illegal practices such as money laundering, so that when compared to MasÌ£lahÌ£ah and Mafsadah it contains greater Mafsadah.
M H M Kiran, Annapurna P Patil, Harivind Premkumar, Pranav Hegde · 5 authors
Blockchain is said to be one of the most prominent inventions since the advent of the internet. Cryptocurrency is one of the most well-known blockchain applications and has shown tremendous growth in recent times. Most cryptocurrency platforms currently utilize Proof of Work as the consensus mechanism. However, this includes a high energy cost in the form of repeated hash computations to keep the blockchain tamper-proof. The proposed work combines the idea of Useful Work and Proof of Stake, where blockchain nodes train machine learning models submitted by users and earn Work Stake Tokens on successful completion, which can be used as stake in the Proof of Stake algorithm. Proof of Solution efficiently utilizes the vast computational resources of miners to perform useful work. The combined approach reduces redundant model training via multiple nodes by half, improving on the drawback of Proof of Useful Work.