This thematic issue examines how artificial intelligence, metaverse imaginaries, and decentralized Web3 systems have become arenas for states to build infrastructures, set technical standards, and project geopolitical power. It reconceptualizes technology not merely as an object of regulation but as a medium of statecraft through which sovereignty, security, and leadership are contested and remade in a multipolar digital order. This issue analyzes three interconnected dimensions: (a) the impact of global AI competition on state-making processes, enhancing coercive, extractive, delivery, and informational capacities similar to earlier state formation phases; (b) the nature of technological leadership as a relational and dynamic process influenced by interactions between leading and following states; and (c) the role of security logics in transforming external rivalry and internal governance through securitization. Through comparative analysis of the US, China, the EU, and emerging economies, this issue explores how diverse political systems encode openness, sovereignty, and accountability into their technological regimes, demonstrating that technological governance is inseparable from state-making. The contributions map competing logics—sovereign, liberal, entrepreneurial—showing that digital governance emerges not as convergence toward a singular model but as recursive entanglements of imagination and infrastructure.
This paper investigates how Web3 technologies, such as blockchain, NFTs, and the metaverse, can drive Business Model Innovation (BMI) by enabling new forms of value creation, delivery, and capture. While the strategic potential of Web3 has been widely discussed, there remains a lack of operational tools to guide its implementation in real-world business contexts. To address this gap, we introduce the Web3 Value Exploitation De sign Model (Web3 VEDM), a step-by-step framework grounded in the GUEST methodology. The model is designed to support engineering managers in assessing Web3 readiness, aligning stakeholders, and developing decentralized business models. The framework is empirically validated through a real-world case study in the agri-food sector, offering actionable insights into how organizations can leverage Web3 to transition from centralized to decentralized, participatory ecosystems. The study contributes both theoretically and practically by bridging the gap between conceptual exploration and structured application of Web3 in business transformation.
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and decentralized web technologies represents a pivotal shift in digital infrastructure, giving rise to the concept of AI-native protocols. These protocols integrate AI capabilities directly into their fundamental design, moving beyond mere application-level AI to create intelligent, adaptive, and autonomous decentralized systems. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI-native protocols in reshaping the decentralized web, often referred to as Web3. We delve into the architectural implications, key benefits such as enhanced security, efficiency, and scalability, and the profound societal impact of such a paradigm shift. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identify existing challenges in both AI and blockchain domains that AI-native protocols are uniquely positioned to address, including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and consensus mechanism inefficiencies. We propose a conceptual framework for designing these protocols, emphasizing core components like intelligent consensus, autonomous agents, and AI-powered smart contracts. Furthermore, the paper discusses the ethical considerations inherent in embedding AI within decentralized governance structures and outlines future research directions for fostering responsible innovation. Our findings suggest that AI-native protocols are not merely an incremental improvement but a foundational evolution that promises to unlock unprecedented levels of intelligence and autonomy across the decentralized digital landscape, fostering a more robust, equitable, and resilient internet.
Omar Otoniel Flores-Cortez, Ernesto Rivas Valdez, Vladimir A. Polanco-Zepeda, Carlos Pocasangre Jimenez · 5 authors
This paper presents the design and implementation of thesocks.net, a decentralized social finance network inspired by the CAW protocol manifesto. thesocks.net leverages Web3 technologies and the Polygon blockchain to provide a communitygoverned, anonymous, and censorship-resistant platform that integrates traditional features of social networks with decentralized financial services. The architecture is built around two core elements: the NFTs-Username utility cryptocurrency deployed on Polygon and NFT_Username identities, which function as user accounts represented by unique and tradable NFTs. Smart contracts written in Solidity govern key features such as content publication, user interactions (likes, shares, follows), stake, token burning, and reward distribution, ensuring transparency and autonomy. The platform enables users to create profiles, send encrypted messages, transfer tokens, and participate in staking and games, all without centralized control or personal data collection. This paper outlines the technical framework, the development process, and the deployment phases of thesocks.net, demonstrating how the blockchain-based infrastructure can support secure, scalable and inclusive social ecosystems. The implementation highlights the potential of decentralized architectures to foster freedom of expression, digital ownership, and financial participation on a global scale.
Behavioral finance explores the psychological influences and cognitive biases that affect investor behavior and financial decision-making, including herding, the disposition effect, overconfidence, and others. Algorithmic trading is a method that uses computer programs to automatically execute buy and sell orders based on predefined mathematical models and trading strategies. With the continuous development of modern technology, the advent of the Web3 era, and the gradual evolution of artificial intelligence, algorithmic trading is becoming increasingly prevalent and garnering significant attention. While algorithmic trading is automated and may seem immune to human cognitive biases, the opposite is often true. This study aims to review the main findings of existing research from the perspective of the stock market, exploring the interactive relationship between behavioral finance and algorithmic trading and how cognitive biases such as herding and the disposition effect can influence algorithm performance. The results emphasize the importance of behavioral finance in both the research and practice of algorithmic trading, while also proposing the potential for using machine learning techniques to advance the field of behavioral finance. By integrating existing theories, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between behavioral finance and algorithmic trading and offers new perspectives for its future development.
Mohammad Alvian Dharma Nararya, Shuri Mariasih Gietty, Himawan Aditya Pratama
Tulisan ini mengkaji secara kritis kemunculan gim Play-to-Earn (P2E) dalam kerangka teknologi Web3, dengan berargumen bahwa janji desentralisasi yang dibawa oleh blockchain dan Non-Fungible Token (NFT) justru mereproduksi, bahkan memperkuat, pola-pola eksploitasi kapitalisme tradisional. Model P2E merujuk pada sistem permainan digital yang memungkinkan pemain memperoleh keuntungan finansial dari aktivitas bermain melalui mekanisme ekonomi berbasis token kripto, di mana aset dalam gim memiliki nilai tukar di pasar digital. Sementara itu, blockchain merupakan teknologi pencatatan terdistribusi yang menyimpan data transaksi di banyak komputer (nodes) dan sering diklaim sebagai fondasi desentralisasi digital karena tidak bergantung pada otoritas tunggal. Melalui analisis terhadap infrastruktur Web3 dan studi kasus gim Axie Infinity (2018), tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem digital yang diklaim membebaskan pengguna dari kontrol terpusat justru memusatkan kekuasaan ekonomi dalam bentuk yang lebih terselubung. Dengan kerangka teori kapitalisme digital dan konsep false needs dari Herbert Marcuse, penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa ekonomi P2E mengubah aktivitas bermain menjadi bentuk kerja (playbor) dan menundukkan pemain pada pasar spekulatif yang menguntungkan pengembang dan pemilik modal. Di Asia Tenggara, tempat basis pemain P2E tetap besar meskipun gelembung pasarnya telah pecah, sistem ini mengeksploitasi kondisi sosial-ekonomi yang rentan dengan membingkai ketidakstabilan finansial sebagai peluang. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa “desentralisasi” dalam Web3 merupakan bentuk sentralisasi terselubung melalui kontrol algoritmik, opasitas infrastruktur, dan privatisasi platform, menunjukkan bahwa Web3 dan gim P2E bukanlah alternatif pasca-kapitalis, melainkan fase baru dari kapitalisme digital yang mengomodifikasi permainan dan mendistribusikan risiko ke bawah sambil mengonsolidasikan keuntungan di atas.
Web3 technologies, notably Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Decentralized Finance (DeFi), have generated extensive social media discourse. This study integrates Social Network Analysis (SNA) and BERTopic to examine spreader roles in shaping Web3 conversations on platform X. We collected 12,925 NFT and 7,087 DeFi posts from August 23 to September 23, 2025, using domain-specific keywords. Data preprocessing removed duplicates, spam, and irrelevant content through URL stripping, hashtag filtering, and manual verification of top spreaders to exclude automated accounts. All collection adhered to X's Terms of Service using publicly available English-language posts without personal identifying information. In-degree centrality analysis identified top spreaders. @GiveRep in NFT achieved a time reached of 288 hours with an average propagation speed of two hours, while @BioProtocol in DeFi demonstrated a uniform persistence of 192 hours uniform persistence across top actors. BERTopic analysis revealed thematic differences. NFT discussions centered on community engagement and speculation, whereas DeFi discourse concentrated on protocol infrastructure and yield mechanisms. NFT spreaders exhibited varied influence duration aligned with thematic diversity, while DeFi spreaders showed uniform persistence constrained by content overlap. This integrated framework advances computational social research methodologies and offers practical insights for Web3 stakeholders to identify key influencers and optimize community engagement strategies. Limitations include single-platform focus and one-month observation period.
The Paris Journal on AI & Digital Ethics Bootstrapping Trust across Web2 and Web3 Domains Using Publicly Verifiable Web Data Yuan Lu¹, Qiang Tang² Corresponding authors:luyuan@iscas.ac.cn • qiang.tang@sydney.edu.au Abstract Through […]
This is an accepted article with a DOI pre-assigned that is not yet published.Web3 ecosystems represent an emergent field of digital religion where decentralized infrastructures—spanning smart contracts, token economies, and symbolic interfaces—actively generate novel forms of ritual life. These rituals, deeply embedded in algorithmic processes and economic incentives, cultivate collective identities, symbolic hierarchies, and affective economies marked by hope and betrayal. To interpret these dynamics, this article proposes Distributed Rituals Analysis (DRA), a comprehensive framework synthesizing Lived Religion, Ritualization Theory, and Actor-Network Theory. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic engagement across diverse Web3 communities —including NFTs, DAOs, and staking protocols—I illustrate how decentralized practices become ritualized through temporal orchestration, symbolic differentiation, and distributed agency. Reflexive participation further reveals the researcher’s complex positionality as both observer and participant. DRA offers conceptual and methodological clarity for exploring emergent rituals in decentralized environments, illuminating how digital infrastructures reconfigure sacredness and collective meaning-making. This framework also lays the groundwork for future comparative inquiries into ritual forms across decentralized and hybrid spaces.
Hsi‐Peng Lu, Ya-Yuan Ku, Kuo‐Lun Hsiao, Wadee Alhalabi
With the rise of blockchain and decentralized technologies, doubts about traditional financial institutions' efficiency have increased. Meanwhile, Web3 offers transparency, security, and autonomy. However, the existing literature overlooks role the role of doubt as a push factor while focusing on the positive effects of trust. Moreover, the role of crypto wallets as a mooring factor remains underexplored. This study applies push-pull-mooring theory to examine Web3 literacy, trust in machines, doubt in institutions, and switching costs. Data were collected from 165 survey respondents. The results indicate that Web3 literacy increases doubt in traditional institutions but does not significantly affect trust in Web3. Additionally, switching costs moderate the relationship between Web3 literacy and doubt. When switching costs are low, doubt rises significantly. This study provides a new perspective on Web3 adoption, showing doubt's push effect and the role of push-pull mooring in migration, thus addressing gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the findings highlight how decentralized finance's trust mechanism is evolving, offering insights for Web3 adoption.
A system implementaion paper on a decentralized application for transparent charity transactions built on hardhat , next js ,and django that combines the web2 and web3 dynamics.
Το Web3 δεν αποτελεί απλώς μια τεχνολογική εξέλιξη, αλλά μια ριζική μετατόπιση με βαθιές φιλοσοφικές προεκτάσεις. Οραματίζεται ένα Διαδίκτυο όπου οι χρήστες βρίσκονται στο επίκεντρο, χωρίς την ανάγκη ύπαρξης κεντρικής αρχής. Στόχος του είναι να διασφαλίσει ότι οι χρήστες έχουν την πλήρη ιδιοκτησία τόσο των δεδομένων που παράγουν όσο και της αξίας — οικονομικής ή πληροφοριακής — που προκύπτει από αυτά. Αυτή η μετάβαση σε ένα νέο τεχνολογικό υπόδειγμα βρίσκει εφαρμογή σε ποικίλους τομείς, όπως η Αποκεντρωμένη Αποθήκευση (Decentralized Storage), η οποία επιτρέπει ασφαλείς, κατανεμημένες λύσεις αποθήκευσης δεδομένων με αυξημένη ανθεκτικότητα στη λογοκρισία· τα Μη Ανταλλάξιμα Διακριτικά (Non-Fungible Tokens – NFTs), που εγγυώνται την ιδιοκτησία και την αυθεντικότητα ψηφιακών περιουσιακών στοιχείων· και τα Αποκεντρωμένα Παιχνίδια (Decentralized Gaming), τα οποία αξιοποιούν την τεχνολογία blockchain για να δημιουργήσουν οικονομίες που ανήκουν στους παίκτες, αποδεικτικά σπάνια ψηφιακά αγαθά και διαφανείς μηχανισμούς παιχνιδιού. Μαζί με πλήθος άλλων καινοτομιών, οι παραπάνω τεχνολογίες διαμορφώνουν τη νέα εποχή του Διαδικτύου. Όπως είναι αναμενόμενο, το Web3 έχει προσελκύσει το ενδιαφέρον της ερευνητικής κοινότητας, η οποία προσπαθεί να το θεμελιώσει εκ νέου, βασιζόμενη σε αναδυόμενες και ακόμη ανώριμες τεχνολογίες. Παράλληλα όμως, έχει κινήσει και το ενδιαφέρον κακόβουλων παραγόντων, που εκμεταλλεύονται τον πρώιμο χαρακτήρα και την πολυπλοκότητα αυτών των αλληλένδετων συστημάτων προς ίδιον όφελος. Η πρόκληση, επομένως, είναι να εξασφαλιστεί ότι η ασφάλεια θα εξελίσσεται παράλληλα με την ανάπτυξη του οικοσυστήματος του Web3, ώστε να μην εξελιχθεί σε ένα ασταθές ή εχθρικό περιβάλλον. Η συμβολή της παρούσας διατριβής σε αυτήν την προσπάθεια είναι πολυδιάστατη. Αρχικά, μελετούμε τη σχετική βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με την αλυσίδα συστοιχιών (blockchain) του Ethereum, τα NFTs και το Interplanetary File System (IPFS), το οποίο αποτελεί θεμελιώδες στοιχείο του επιπέδου αποθήκευσης δεδομένων του Web3, με στόχο τον εντοπισμό ευπαθειών και την ανάλυση του βαθμού ύπαρξης κακόβουλης δραστηριότητας. Στη συνέχεια, υιοθετώντας την οπτική των κακόβουλων χρηστών, εξετάζουμε πιθανούς τρόπους εκμετάλλευσης των παραπάνω τεχνολογιών και τεκμηριώνουμε πιθανούς διαύλους επίθεσης, ώστε να είναι ευκολότερος ο εντοπισμός και η αντιμετώπισή τους. Τέλος, προτείνουμε βελτιώσεις στον σχεδιασμό κρίσιμων υπηρεσιών του επιπέδου εφαρμογών του Web3, οι οποίες ενισχύουν τη διαθεσιμότητα και την επεκτασιμότητά τους, θέτοντας έτσι τα θεμέλια για πιο ανθεκτικές, επεκτάσιμες και μελλοντικά βιώσιμες αποκεντρωμένες εφαρμογές.
Social sustainability in urban and architectural design depends on inclusive, participatory processes that empower communities to actively engage in shaping their environments. This study investigates how emerging digital platforms, specifically Augmented Reality (AR) and decentralized platforms built on blockchain technology (Web3), can function as instruments for broadening public participation and enhancing perceptual access to urban art proposals. An original algorithm generated nine digital abstract sculptures, each with descriptive attributes forming the basis for qualitative analysis across different visualization modes: traditional renderings, Augmented Reality environments, and NFT-based Web3 representations. Through participant voting, each digital sculpture accumulated a measurable level of preference that served to identify which sculpture was perceived as most successful within each visualization context. Comparative analysis revealed how distinct digital interactions shape perception, engagement, and inclusivity of feedback processes. Regression models further predicted voting outcomes, showing that different sculptural attributes played a dominant role depending on the type of visualization. Findings indicate that platform-specific technological affordances substantially shape participatory outcomes. Consequently, the study argues that careful analysis and selection of the digital platform must precede any participatory process, as platform-specific affordances fundamentally condition the inclusivity, accessibility, and overall effectiveness of public engagement in socially sustainable design.
CONTEXT: Accurate preoperative prediction of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in clinically lymph node negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is critical for optimizing therapeutic strategy, particularly for thermal ablation and active surveillance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop an interpretable machine-learning (ML) model to predict the risk of OLNM in cN0 PTC patients. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data of 961 cN0 PTC patients (August 2018-August 2023). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors for OLNM in cN0 PTC. The cohort was randomly divided into the training and test sets, and a subset of patients with tumors sized 1 cm or less was further extracted from the test set for internal validation. Eight ML models incorporating clinical, ultrasonographic, and molecular features were developed and evaluated. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) enhanced interpretability. RESULTS: RET fusion positivity and BRAF mutation positivity were identified as independent molecular risk factors for OLNM in cN0 PTC, alongside 6 clinical and ultrasonographic variables. Nine predictors were incorporated into the predictive model. The random forest (RF) model achieved optimal performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.906 in the training set and 0.733 in the test set, along with the lowest Brier scores of 0.135 and 0.212, respectively. Analysis of tumors sized 1 cm or less internally validated the model's robustness with an AUC of 0.719. SHAP analysis identified size, age, and clustered punctate echogenic foci as the top predictors. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify RET fusion positivity as an independent OLNM risk factor in cN0 PTC. The developed RF model demonstrates moderate predictive performance for OLNM risk and provides a framework for integrating clinical, sonographic, and molecular data, and is deployed as a web calculator (https://predictingoccultlymphnodemetastasis.shinyapps.io/web3/).
Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted under the PRISMA 2020framework to investigate the convergence of two transformative paradigms: Generative ArtificialIntelligence (GenAI) and Web3. The findings indicate that, while each technology independentlydrives digital transformation, their integration remains underexplored. GenAI advancesinnovation through algorithmic creativity, personalization, and automated content generation,whereas Web3, enabled by blockchain, smart contracts, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), anddecentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), introduces decentralized mechanisms of trust,transparency, and digital ownership. Current research addressing the intersection of thesedomains is fragmented and predominantly conceptual, leaving critical gaps in trust mechanisms,governance structures, operational models, and legal frameworks.To address these gaps, this study proposes the conceptual AIChain Framework: a unifiedplatform that integrates GenAI-powered content generation, automated tokenization, trustengines, and decentralized marketplaces. This architecture demonstrates cross-sectoral potentialin creative industries, FinTech, and education by linking algorithmic creativity withdecentralized ownership. The contributions are threefold: (1) at the theoretical level, the studysynthesizes the Resource-Based View (RBV), the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), the digitaltrust framework, and the information interaction model to establish a foundation for analyzingGenAI–Web3 convergence; (2) at the practical level, it introduces an operational architecture fornext-generation platform development; and (3) at the policy and governance level, it highlightsthe need for transparent, auditable, and participatory models to prevent technological oligopolies.By bridging theoretical insights with practical implications, this research provides a roadmap forfuture scholarship and industry practice, including pilot implementations of the AIChainframework, the design of hybrid governance models, and the assessment of ethical andenvironmental implications surrounding GenAI–Web3 convergence.
Counterfeit consumer products have become a serious global issue effecting several industries like medicines, electronics, luxury goods and fast moving consumer goods. Existing supply chain management systems offer no transparency and traceability creating vulnerabilities for counterfeit goods to access legitimate marketplaces. This paper proposes a complete blockchain-based framework for counterfeit goods detection and authentication. Our proposed framework uses Ethereum blockchain technology, smart contracts programmed in Solidity and a user-friendly ReactJS UI to create product authentication system that is immutable and transparent. The software allows producers to register authentic products with unique identifiers (UIDs) such as QR codes or serial numbers on the blockchain along with product metadata such as manufacturer, manufacture date, batch data, and product specifications. Consumers and vendors can utilize the UI to authenticate product claims for trust verification. As consumer and vendor users are using the UI, they can even verify authenticity with the real-time capability to interact with the blockchain, while also ensuring data integrity through user tampering and illegal changes. The UI is utilizing the Truffle framework for creating and deploying a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain, Ganache local blockchain simulator, and web3.js for being able to connect from frontend to the blockchain. Experimental results show a significant improvement in authenticating goods, decreased verification time and increased transparency through the use of our product authentication system. The proposed framework represents a viable solution to significant challenges in product authentication while providing scalability, security and cost effectiveness for global acceptance and use.
The Personal Portfolio serves as the basis for professional representation, as it holds the most weight. However, these centralized Portfolio solutions can be susceptible to such issues as data tampering, security breaches, system downtime, and non-verifiable validity. This article will introduce Decentralize Portfolio, a blockchain-enabled portfolio management solution that utilizes a decentralized architecture to offer Security, Integrity, and Transparency. This solution provides real ownership and trustless verification through the use of IPFS for the storage of files, Ethereum Smart Contracts to generate immutably stored hash codes, and MetaMask for secure user-controlled access. A discussion on the design, development, and potential impact of the Decentralized Portfolio on web3-based Professional Identities will be provided.
Deepak Gupta, K. R. Shobha, D. Hariprasad, Rakhi Chawla · 7 authors
Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) represents a transformative paradigm for emerging economies, providing foundational systems for identity verification, payment processing, and data exchange. The convergence of DPI with Web3 technologies and decentralized infrastructure creates unprecedented opportunities for inclusive economic development. This chapter examines how blockchain, distributed ledger technologies, and decentralized protocols enhance traditional DPI frameworks, analyzing implementations across emerging markets with emphasis on India's pioneering India Stack model. Through examination of 220 million active blockchain addresses globally and DPI implementations reaching 1.3 billion citizens, this research demonstrates that Web3-enabled DPI can overcome institutional voids, reduce transaction costs by up to 70%, and facilitate financial inclusion for 730 million unbanked adults. The chapter analyzes technical architectures, governance models, security frameworks, and socioeconomic impacts while addressing challenges including digital divides, regulatory gaps, and sustainability concerns. Key findings reveal that DPI integrated with Web3 infrastructure contributed 0.9% to GDP in 2022, projected to reach 4.2% by 2030, with the global blockchain market valued at $31.18 billion in 2025 and forecasted to reach $393.42 billion by 2032.
In the dynamic landscape of e-commerce, fostering customer loyalty is critical for sustainable growth and profitability, given the ease with which consumers can switch platforms and the high cost of acquiring new customers. This study explores multifaceted strategies for enhancing customer retention, including loyalty programs, gamification, customer lifetime value (CLV) and churn analytics, and community-based approaches. It examines how data-driven personalization, psychological reward systems, and emotional connections through brand communities drive loyalty. Examples such as Amazon Prime, Sephora’s Beauty Insider, and Nike Run Club illustrate the effectiveness of tailored rewards, gamification, and social engagement. The integration of CLV and churn analytics enables businesses to optimize resources by targeting high-value customers and predicting churn risk. Community strategies, leveraging social media, user-generated content, and events, foster a sense of belonging, particularly among younger demographics. Ethical considerations, including data privacy and transparency, are highlighted as essential for maintaining trust. The study underscores the evolving role of technology, such as AI and Web3, in shaping innovative, customer-centric loyalty strategies for both large and small e-commerce businesses.
The main objective of the report is to demonstrate the creation and vulnerability testing of a web3 application for a decentralized system that integrates three key processes – membership management, automatic revenue distribution, and participation in the governance of the organization – within a secure, transparent, and immutable blockchain infrastructure. An analysis is demonstrated to detect and eliminate potential vulnerabilities and integration tests to confirm the correct interaction between the system modules.
Mohit Malik, Rahul S Mor, Vijay Kumar Gahlawat, Vikas Kumar
• Presents a novel hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled end-to-end SC traceability model. • Validates a multilayer Web3-based architecture integrating smart contracts, ML algorithms & IoT-enabled data capture. • Offers a proof-of-concept and feasibility analysis, highlighting scalability, transaction speed & system responsiveness. Conventional traceability systems without real-time information transmission are susceptible to tampering. In contrast, blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled traceability models offer transparency and accountability, given their decentralized nature and immutability. This research conceptualizes and develops a hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled traceability (prototype) model and implements it in the dairy industry. The study includes a collaborative research methodology, including a literature review to analyze the existing traceability solutions, identify data entry points, select model requirements, and deploy smart contracts, decentralized applications (Dapps) and Web3 technologies to develop and validate the proposed model via Testnet . The findings present the user interface developed as a prototype traceability model and its characteristics, such as transparency, decentralized nature, and immutability, followed by practical validation. The post-implementation data analysis highlighted the security, privacy, smart contract validation rules, and comparative insights, as well as the alignment of the theoretical model with practical applications using Web3 technologies. This research contributes to the literature on hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled traceability, highlighting the potential for exploring opportunities in the food industry.
This project applies the latest cutting-edge Web3 technologies to design a Blockchain-Based Proof of Contribution (PoC) Framework aimed at improving efficiency, security, and transparency in managing research outputs and safeguarding intellectual property in collaborative settings. This framework uses the features of smart contracts on Ethereum and blockchain technology to guarantee transparency and accountability by automating the process involved in awarding the funds raised, verification of donations, and resolving disputes. After hashing a contribution cryptographically, every one of them stays on the blockchain, generating an irreversible record of its veracity. The application of IPFS in this makes decentralized and safe offchain storage possible, scalable, and intact. It has an automated dispute resolution process, which guarantees that the outcomes will be fair and not sent out for arbitration from outside. The framework deals with issues of trust, data security, and intellectual property in order to provide a safe and effective setting in which researchers can focus on creativity, knowing their work is safely documented, appropriately acknowledged, and protected from misuse.