Ramya Thatikonda, Priya Nandihal, M S Priyanka, Mahantesh Mathapati
The proliferation of loT -enabled gadgets means that ever more information is being created and transmitted over the web. The release of sensitive loT data, however, is a privacy breach. Sensitive information generated by loT devices poses a serious security risk since it is transmitted across an unsecured network. The storage issue may be managed with the help of an external cloud. Cloud storage has the potential to compromise users' privacy. To prevent unauthorised access and maintain confidentiality during data transmission, current systems include symmetric encryption and access restrictions. Blockchain is an exciting distributed ledger technology with the potential to safeguard stored information against manipulation by unscrupulous actors. To protect information from Internet of Things devices, this article suggests using a blockchain-based decentralised access control system. Fog computing and the idea of an alliance chain provide the basis for the suggested approach. In order to encrypt and divide data at the network's edge, fog nodes are employed. Homomorphic encryption is used on the third-party cloud to combine data that has been partitioned and encrypted. The suggested system provides dynamic and granular access control for loT data, mitigating the risk of a single point of failure in access control. Results from experiments showed that this approach effectively protects the confidentiality of data collected from Internet of Things devices.
Ravi Mahesh Babu, Krishna Prasad Satamraju, B. Neeharika Gangothri, B. Malarkodi · 5 authors
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology inspiring industries and the public alike with its broad spectrum of applications adding intelligence to real-life objects. Due to its resource-limited nature and heterogeneity of the devices in IoT networks, data security and energy consumption is an important issue. Security for sensitive data in the network is paramount, and privacy and access control mechanisms should be in force. Also, for reliable application services, optimized network operations in terms of energy are demanding needs. This paper proposes a novel energy optimization and node deployment strategy by amalgamating genetic algorithm (GA) for energy optimization and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) for strategic node replacement. GA-based optimization focuses on improving residual energy of the nodes in the network, thereby enhancing the network lifetime. The MILP-based node deployment strategy focuses on selecting a minimum node set while still servicing the entire network area. The potentiality of the blockchain is used in the model to provide data privacy and access control to sensitive data. The proposed model is then compared with state-ofthe- art models to validate the performance in terms of network lifetime and throughput. It is evident from the results that the proposed method outperforms existing models and provides reliable and viable solutions for many applications running on IoT networks.
Blockchain research has attracted attention because of its fundamental properties, which offer security and privacy. Along with these it also provides integrity in absence on any dependable different party apart from the two. At first, only crypto currencies could be used with blockchain technology. However, with the introduction of Ethereum, which develops and executes the smart contracts. Smart contracts are minute computer programmes that work on blockchain technology. Apart from this, applications other than crypto currencies are under development and exploration. It was determined that a dearth of descriptive reviews is present on the application of smart contracts in protecting the Internet and IoT, despite the fact that a significant progress made towards enhancing Blockchain technology with an emphasis on the smart contracts has been developed. This study intends to locate and evaluate academic research on blockchain smart contracts for internet security.
Computing has become available everywhere due to the huge spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies across multiple and diverse areas. IoT expands Internet connectivity and connects several devices to the Internet, in addition to collecting and processing data for decision-making. IoT technology has grown significantly across various industrial sectors with several and varied applications. On the other hand, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology is based on a centralized architecture, which has the disadvantage of being likely to be exposed to an attack affecting the availability or leading to decision-making errors. Therefore, Blockchain technology is an appropriate solution combined with IIoT technologies. It shows a marked potential to raise the level of security within the IIoT, when the IIoT is in the form of a distributed ledger relying on decentralization. Decentralization limits or mitigates tampering, as it maintains data records across varied and multiple locations. This distinguishing feature of Blockchain technology also resolves problems, such as heterogeneity in traditional IoT networks. However, integrating Blockchain technology with IIoT systems leads to several challenges, such as environmental operability, scalability, and standardization. Therefore, this research study provides a comprehensive overview of IIoT security and investigates how IIoT security and privacy can be enhanced by using Blockchain technology. It also discusses recent research trends in the area and the use of Blockchain technology for risk management in IIoT systems.
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology in various applications used in data processing systems requires high security because more data must be saved in cloud monitoring systems. Even though numerous procedures are in place to increase the security and dependability of data in IoT applications, the majority of outside users can decode any transferred data at any time. Therefore, it is essential to include data blocks that, under any circumstance, other external users cannot understand. The major significance of proposed method is to incorporate an offloading technique for data processing that is carried out by using block chain technique where complete security is assured for each data. Since a problem methodology is designed with respect to clusters a load balancing technique is incorporated with data weights where parametric evaluations are made in real time to determine the consistency of each data that is monitored with IoT. The examined outcomes with five scenarios process that projected model on offloading analysis with block chain proves to be more secured thereby increasing the accuracy of data processing for each IoT applications to 89%.
The benefits of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in providing seamless healthcare to the world are at the forefront of technological advancement. However, security concerns of any IoMT systems are high since they threaten to compromise personal information of patients and can even cause health hazards. Researchers are exploring the use of various techniques to ensure a high level of security of IoMT systems. One key concern is that the computing power of any Internet of Things (IoT) device is relatively low, hence mechanisms that require low computational power are appropriate for designing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). In this research work, a blockchain IDS coalition is proposed for securing IoMT networks and devices. The blockchain ledger is compact and uses less processing resources. Additionally, the ledger requires less communication overhead. The cryptographic hashes in the suggested architecture ensure complete data secrecy and integrity between parties who are trusted and those who are untrustworthy. Peer-to-peer networks in both central and cluster networks are also included in this work for complete decentralization. The proposed model can counter various attacks, including Denial of Service (DoS), anonymity attacks, impersonation attacks, Man-In-The-Middle (MITM), and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). The proposed method achieved an F1- score as high as 100% and reported an AUC value of over 99%.
The internet of things is a powerful combination of wireless devices, radio-frequency identification, and numerous sensors that offer the challenging but powerful potential of shaping current systems to make them smarter. IoT has many different areas of application and one such area is healthcare. The health sector is another promising area for IoT, and several businesses are exploring its application in this sector. In this study, it is proposed to collect healthcare data through the IoT and store it in the Interplanetary File System using Ethereum-based blockchain technology for data security. Blockchain technology is used in IoT to ensure the safety of collected data. Blockchain technology is used in IoT to ensure the safety of collected data. Smart contracts are used to automatically execute, control, and record events following the terms contained in them, enhancing the characteristics already present in the blockchain. IoT-based healthcare solutions are tested on many blockchain networks.
Mohammad Azhar Nasirudin, Ezmin Abdullah, Khairul Khaizi Mohd Shariff, Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali · 6 authors
Technological advancement brings both opportunities and challenges to several sectors, including transportation. In Malaysia, the car grant system managed by the Road Transport Department (JPJ) is crucial for accurate vehicle registration and ownership but is vulnerable to fraud, like car grant forgery and unauthorized transfers. This study suggests using the Ethereum blockchain to enhance the integrity of the car grant system within the JPJ to curb these fraudulent activities. Ethereum’s decentralized and distributed ledger technology, which offers transparency, immutability, and security, is perfect for this purpose. The suggested system uses smart contracts, self-executing agreements with preset rules, to ensure secure car grant registration and transfers. These contracts execute operations securely, preventing unauthorized changes. A prototype was developed and tested to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the system, including transaction speed, security, scalability, and user experience. The results gave valuable insights into the system’s strengths and weaknesses, allowing for further optimization. This secure and transparent method could revolutionize vehicle registration and ownership procedures, enhancing trust, efficiency, and accountability in the Malaysian transportation sector.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded because of the development of information technology. IoT impacts several fields, including the medical profession, smart cities, and data management. The development of sustainable medical systems is significantly aided by the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). IoMT has a big impact on healthcare since it makes it easier to monitor and validate data about patients before storing it in the cloud. Keeping all data confidential and secured is essential since the IoMT is a big-data platform that is expanding quickly.This paper will apply this technical advancement to the realm of health, namely e-health. The research provides an IoMT-based monitoring tool for personal health surveillance. Block chain technology may resolve present interoperability issues in health-related systems and offer technological solutions that allow the electronic transfer of medical records to medical organizations and medical specialists. However, the transmission and security of people's health data remain a major concern in IoMT devices across a wide range of product categories. This research uses block chain as a secure solution to satisfy the requirements of medical privacy and data security. In this study, a Block chain-based IoMT security System (BC-IoMT-SS) is presented based on BC technology in IoMT for the security, privacy, and management of patient information. The suggested framework is successfully implemented to fulfill the optimal privacy and safety criteria for medical data management in IoMT gadgets. Utilizing the block chain's key, a healthcare application system has been created in which the person's health data may safely generate alerts for verified healthcare practitioners. Simulation results demonstrate that the suggested BC-IoMT-SS technique produces a high precision ratio of 94%, an efficiency ratio of 94%, a shorter delay of 0.63s, and a shorter reaction time compared to other current methods.
The modern world's increasing reliance on automated systems for everyday tasks has resulted in a corresponding rise in power consumption. The demand is further augmented by increased sales of electric vehicles, smart cities, smart transportation, etc. This growing dependence underscores the critical necessity for a robust smart energy measurement and management system to ensure a continuous and efficient power supply. However, implementing such a system presents a set of challenges, particularly concerning the transparency, security, and trustworthiness of data storage and retrieval. Blockchain technology offers an innovative solution in the form of a distributed ledger, which guarantees secure and transparent transaction storage and retrieval. This research introduces a blockchain-based system, utilising Hyperledger Fabric and smart contracts, designed for the secure storage and retrieval of consumers' energy consumption data. Finally, a user-friendly web portal was designed and developed using the node.js framework, offering an accessible and intuitive interface to monitor and manage energy consumption effectively.
Blockchain technology promises to be hugely trending and empowering in education domain computing applications. The digital is becoming an integral part of modern life. So as the use of the digital world increases there are more chances of decrease is the security level. So more the use of digitization more the frauds and less the security. In some cases of personal data, leakage has brought back into the focus the security issues with the different identity sharing mechanisms. A customer is expected to provide his identity for authentication by different agencies. So the document verification process deals with the identification of the user. And in turn, provides the required security. The document verification procedures which are used by the colleges are completely dependent on the encryption. This system can be efficient by using Blockchain technology, which has the potential to automate a lot of manual processes and it is also resistant to hacks of any sort. The immutable blockchain block and its distributed ledger is the perfect complement to the process of document verification. With the addition of smart contacts, fraud detection can be automated..
In a cross, multi-system world, blockchain technology is rapidly used to facilitate transaction security and safety, supply - Chain, cryptographic protocols, and identity authentication. This facilitation occurs because blockchain technology, a digital ledger of exchanges cloned and distributed across an entire computer network, structures the recording of critical data unchanging and transparent to anyone and everyone, making it difficult to change or hack without being discovered. It is not surprising that given these advantages, Blockchain is gaining traction in various industries, including financial services, energy, healthcare, real estate, telecoms, and others involving several entities whose accounts or activities could not be verified. The advantages of Blockchain may also be applied to another critical sector for different states: national security. Through its capacity to assure confidence in communication and information technology (ICT) and malware protection and verification, crucial to 5G and communication infrastructure, the technology shows potential for resolving some of today's cybersecurity challenges.
The most innovative development in recent years is blockchain technology, and its uses are expanding quickly across numerous businesses. It is well known for its capacity to adapt to this technology, which aids in the storing of data at locations linked by peer-to-peer networks. Blockchain technology has recently piqued the curiosity of the healthcare industry. Numerous significant issues that currently plague EHR systems could potentially be resolved by it. This essay offers a thorough analysis of the literature on the application of blockchain technology in the medical industry. The focus of this study is the current system used by tertiary institutions to store, access, and safeguard electronic healthcare data. According to analysis, hospitals maintain electronic health records most frequently using client/server architecture. The existing way of processing transactions in Punjab's tertiary institutions has serious issues with data accessibility and data privacy. After assessing the system's shortcomings, research was carried out. The Hyperledger fabric blockchain technology and pluggable PBFT have been coupled to assure the security of healthcare transactions.
There are many medical applications for the Internet of Health Things (IoHT). In order to offer patients with more intelligent and effective health diagnoses, contemporary IoHT incorporates wellness items such sensors with continuously monitored medical equipment for the evaluation and handling of a medical chart. Using the combination of 5G networks and ethereum technology, we presented the IoT using a fog medical decision assistance system in this study for the forecast and monitoring of illness along with its severities. Due to its visibility, a frame provides a method for keeping and exchanging knowledge which is safe. Ethereum has various uses in the medical industry and therefore can enhance monitoring equipment, clinical study storage systems, mobile medical software, exchanging and keeping of digital media files, and insurer details stockpiling. The suggested structure will assemble a cloud provider will hold client information from the health equipment that's going to be connected to the individual, along with any pertinent health records. The use of 5G with cryptocurrency technologies allows the reliable transfer of patient information at high transmission rates with short reaction times. In addition, a Deep Neural (NN) classification is employed to forecast illnesses as well as the degree of underlying severity. The suggested model is tested using a variety of classifiers. In order to determine which classification is appropriate for the information, the effectiveness of various classifier is compared by contrasting the results. The NN improved a 98.98 average accuracy. This NN is additionally trained on the information such so this can forecast the outcome of the information category that carries no labels. A taught Naive Bayes is more accurate than conventional classifications at making predictions and effectively displaying the findings.
Arhath Kumar, Monika Saxena, R V L S N Sastry, Ankur Chaudhari · 6 authors
Dependence is increasing in direct proportion to how user-friendly intelligent applications are as technologies are used in a wider range of areas. Increasingly individuals are using these novel technologies every day in efficient ways, according to statistics. There are numerous Internet of Things (loT)-oriented intelligent refrigerator applications that enable self-monitoring of supplies however, the devices are unable to accomplish the optimal operational duration and data security. Thus, a new architecture is established in this study that combines a highly complex software architecture using hardware-level device connectivity. The utility of blockchain as a data supplier in loT intelligent applications is discussed in this study. Blockchain technology's primary goal is to enable anonymous transactions between users via a peer-to-peer system and a decentralized distributed ledger (DL). Through the integration of loT technologies and intelligent mobile device applications, it has been intended to develop a novel smart refrigerator platform with the capacity for autonomous self-purchasing and checking. This research's main objective is to do away with all third-party verification and substitute cryptography evidence for the reliance on a centralized authority for transaction verification. Although cryptocurrencies are the focus of the maj ority of blockchain applications, the technology is also useful in a wide range of other industries, including banking, automation, distributed storage of data, etc. The blockchain can indeed be utilized to construct decentralized apps and facilitate data accessibility and exchange on a considerably greater scale than the typical user-server framework implementations currently in usage by establishing a public, decentralized system. This research offers a proof of conceptual approach for field phones to hold and share data employing a DL constructed on the IOTA tangles, along with a technique for data access that may be utilized in loT and decentralized applications.
Anas Ahmad Bani Atta, Ahmad Y. A. Bani Ahmad, Mahmoud Allahham, Dharini Raje Sisodia · 6 authors
The database used by blockchain innovation is run by numerous components and creates a network pattern using hash indexes. The blockchain employs numerous nodes and transmits numerous data access points, decreasing reliance on the primary Internet server and preventing the danger of data destruction and server breakdown. The data files saved in the blockchain are protected using encryption techniques to maintain their authenticity and prevent illegally added or discarded data files. With technological characteristics like non-tampering, distributed ledger, and reliability, blockchain innovations and machine learning have innate benefits in supply chain finance. They also have great prospects to construct faith in order to overcome the major issues in supply chain finance, which is helpful for fostering economic advancement in the Tonkin Gulf region. This paper focuses on introducing the study on using blockchain innovation in supply chain finance in the Tonkin Gulf region and aims to offer suggestions on how supply chain finance could evolve there using blockchain innovation. This paper suggests supply chain finance game applications for pertinent investigations as well as blockchain innovation, supply chain banking threats assessment on the blockchain and machine learning, and supply chain finance implementation study methodologies in the Tonkin Gulf region. The empirical findings presented in this paper demonstrate that the built blockchain supply chain finance platform has an algorithm with an overall processing time of 4.10 seconds, a computational efficiency that is quicker, and the ability to more accurately analyse the pertinent concerns.
In response to the safety concerns surrounding the IoT, an attribute-based encryption and access control scheme (ABE-ACS) has been proposed. This scheme can be more effectively implemented through the use of cutting-edge technology and incorporating attribute-based encryption (ABE) and attribute-based access control (ABAC) models with features as the point of origin. Facing Edge-IoT is a heterogeneous network made up of certain nodes with more powerful computers and the majority of resource-constrained IoT devices. The authors provide a lightweight with an upgrade to the proof-of-work consensus to address the issues of excessive resource consumption and challenging deployment of existing platforms. To protect the confidentiality of the access control policies, the limits of the tree are utilised for transformation and allocation stored. Six smart contracts are created for devices and data to implement the ABAC and punishment mechanism, which outsources ABE to edge nodes for privacy and integrity. Thus, the plan implements device-controlled access and Edge-IoT privacy protection for data.
Arvind Kumar Pandey, Rini Saxena, Aishwary Awasthi, M P Sunil
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm's fast expansion in the amount of information created from linked devices creates new opportunities for improving the service quality and applications through sharing of data. Data security is a significant problem since training and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier often involves compiling tagged IoT data from several organizations. Beyond causing the suppliers to lose money, disclosing sensitive information might cause significant problems. To solve these issues, introduced a secure SVM, which is a Privacy-Preserving SVM (PP-SVM) training method using block chain-based encoded IoT data, to fill the void between ideal assumptions and practical restrictions. IoT messages are encrypted before being stored on a decentralized system because Block chain offers safe and dependable data exchange platforms across several data sources. Using a homomorphic cryptographic algorithm, Paillier, reliable modules have been developed, such as protected algebraic multiplying and protected comparison. Furthermore, a protected SVM learning algorithm that only needs two conversations during a single step has been created. According to stringent security assessment, proposed approach guarantees SVM model parameters for data professionals and secrecy of sensitive information for each data source. Extensive testing backs up effectiveness of the suggested plan.