Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) model is an efficient solution that not only solves the problem of the agricultural product's origin but also provides a method to share the market risk between consumers and producers. In the CSA model, consumers order and pay for products in advance. Then, the producers will send packages of fresh products to consumers after a fixed period corresponding to the paid amount. However, the critical weakness of the CSA model is the lack of solutions for both sides to demonstrate the product's quality, which makes consumers unsure about the condition of receiving products. In consequence, consumers become hesitant to order and pay money in advance. In this paper, we will propose a novel solution that allows consumers to track their products through agricultural diaries recorded by farmers every day. The key difference of the proposed solution is to leverage Blockchain technology advantages in authenticating and protecting the integrity of information. Such that, consumers could track all steps in the production process quickly and reliably. Meanwhile, producers can build and increase their enterprise branding by transferring product information transparently and responsibly.
I Gusti Made Teddy Pradana, Taufik Djatna, Irman Hermadi
The traceability system is increasingly becoming a concern in the current food supply chain. In line with shifting consumer trends, the issue of food security is becoming more important. One of the problems that occur in the supply chain is the risk of counterfeiting, such as bean-adulteration, along with the supply chain product. This risk cannot be anticipated effectively due to a lack of transparency in the flow of product information in the supply chain. This study aims to propose a task analysis of each stakeholder to achieve and construct a design of a traceability system for agroindustry-consumers information access from the field until the coffee shop. The methodology designs consisted of the use case diagram, actor relational analysis, features selection, and cosine similarity algorithm. As an ethereum based architecture, the model equipped with the design process initiated with the BPMN where BCT workflow modeling set. The data attributes construction was based on relational ERD, resulting in database table relation schemes. The construction of a smart contract was based on decision trees mechanism. The traceability of the final result has successfully demonstrated the prototype to fulfill the requirements.
At present, the traceability of food information in China is the traceability of a specific product, which lacks universality. Therefore, in order to trace the food information used in major activities, this paper proposes a one-code-one-item food information traceability system. Call Alibaba Cloud's commodity bar code query API to obtain the original information of the product; use the food information traceability software designed in this article to generate an exclusive code for each product to achieve precise identification of one-code-one-item; collect information on subsequent "transaction" links of product warehousing, transportation, testing and processing to ensure the integrity of food traceability information; use AES encryption method to encrypt food traceability information; utilize the distributed fault tolerance, immutability and privacy protection features of blockchain technology to store the encryption key on the chain to avoid illegal tampering and forgery of information and ensure data security.
Abstract Global food trade has become an increasingly crucial element for feeding the world's population. Enhancing bilateral or multilateral trust in food safety in international food trade is not only important for promoting the sustainable development of trade but is also beneficial for cooperation when facing a global food crisis. However, highly credible traceability systems (TSs) for the crossâborder movement of food are still absent in many countries and regions. Blockchain is regarded as a promising technology that can help build trust for transparency and security issues. In this paper, an interconnected conceptual traceability framework based on blockchain is proposed in order to increase trust in food safety during food trade. Taking the food trade between China and the European Union as an example, a conceptual framework is designed in order to take full advantage of existing TSs in these two locations, and the features of logistical flow, data flow, and blockchain flow are analyzed. Considering the data capacity and data privacy level, a hybrid data storage method combining onâchain and offâchain is adopted. Smart contracts according to the features of crossâborder food tradeâincluding the recording of exportation data, exporter inspection data, shipment data, importer inspection data, importation data, and tracing queriesâare packaged and deployed to a blockchain network. An effective operation mechanism involving the distribution of related rights for different roles is presented. The blockchainâbased TS framework has the advantages of enhancing bilateral trust in crossâborder food trade, providing a flexible and intelligent technical framework, and having effective operability. Future challenges, such as data security, special smart contracts, and consensus mechanisms, and interoperability with other systems, are discussed.
Mireille van Hilten, Guido Ongena, Pascal Ravesteijn
Purpose â This article evaluates the application of Blockchain technology to improve organic or fair-trade food traceability from âFarm to Forkâ in light of European regulations. This study aims to shed light on the challenges in the organic food chain to overcome, the drivers for Blockchain technology and the challenges in current projects. Design/methodology/approach â For this research a case study approach was taken in which four Blockchain projects were evaluated on their success. Findings - Organic food supply chain companies aiming to improve food traceability, with Blockchain face two key decisions, depending on the characteristics of the organic value chain in regard to (1) optimizing chain partner collaboration and (2) the selection of which data to capture in the Blockchain. Other challenges were data confidentiality, validation of data inputs and interoperability. Easy verification of certification data, accountability, improved risk management, insight into trade transactions, simplified data collection and exchange and improved communication account for the benefits. Regardless of what drives companies towards whole chain traceability, for example customer satisfaction, it does not necessarily require Blockchain technology. Blockchain does enable faster food traceability. which is expected to be more applicable to a complex food supply chain. Research limitations/implications â The limitations of this study are represented mainly by the scarcity of organic blockchain projects aiming to minimize pesticide inputs and limited availability of information of commercial projects. Practical implications â This study shows that Blockchain is currently successfully being implemented on a small scale to create whole chain traceability of organic and fair-trade food. Originality/value - This research addresses the intersection of food supply chain and organic food quality and certification. The focus on origin information and importance of organic data elements may underpin other research on EU regulations in relation to food traceability, adding value to the body of knowledge on the current status of Blockchain technology.
Distributed ledgers are becoming commonly used technologies to trace agrifood supply chains in view of their safety, immutability, transparency, and scalability. In the present review, we discuss the most relevant case studies of agrifood supply chain traceability using blockchain (BC) and other distributed ledgers technologies. Considering that each supply chain actually has specific requests of traceability, we here suggest a logical scheme in order to favor the identification of the BC structure that is more appropriate for each agrifood supply chain, including the identification of supply chains where complex BC technologies are actually not necessary.
Recent pandemic presses importance on the trade of quality produce from local farmers to consumers. Traditionally, farmers rely on middlemen to sell their produce, resulting in occasional price injustice, and the lack of direct communication with their customers who could be interested in learning more about the produce they consume. To provide trusts using technology instead of an intermediary, this paper proposes a design of a blockchain-based food traceability system for local farmers to sell produce to health-aware consumers who could trace the farming activities of the produce they purchase. The system is based on a private blockchain platform, Hyperledger Fabric, that supports farmers, carriers, and consumers. Farm activities can be recorded by farmers. Consumers can view produce history before making a purchase, and track transportation by carriers up until delivery. IoT is integrated to record farming environments and quality of farm during plantation is evaluated. This provides a proof-of-concept of how a blockchain-based system can be implemented for local produce marketplace without the need of intermediary.
Traceability and monitoring of industrial processes are becoming more important to assure the value of final products. Blockchain technology emerged as part of a movement linked to criptocurrencies and the Internet of Things, providing nice-to-have features such as traceability, authenticity and security to sectors willing to use this technology. In the retail industry, blockchain offers users the possibility to monitor details about time and place of elaboration, the origin of raw materials, the quality of materials involved in the manufacturing processes, information on the people or companies that work on it, etc. It allows to control and monitor textile articles, from their production or importing initial steps, up to their acquisition by the end consumer, using the blockchain as a means of tracking and identification during the whole process. This technology can also be used by the apparel industry in general and, more specifically, for ready-to-wear clothing, for tracing suppliers and customers along the entire logistics chain. The goal of this paper is to introduce the more recent traceability schemes for the apparel industry together with the proposal of a framework for ready-to-wear clothing which allows to ensure the transparency in the supply chain, clothing authenticity, reliability and integrity, and validity of the retail final products, and of the elements that compose the whole supply chain. In order to illustrate the proposal, a case study on a womenâs shirt from an apparel and fashion company, where a private and open blockchain is used for tracing the product, is included. Blockchain actors are proposed for each product stage.
Ayat B. Abdulhussein, Ameer Kadhim Hadi, Muhammad Ilyas
Blockchain technology performs a process of storing inside a record, and this ledger is raised on a large number of parties (computers, servers). Records are encrypted and cannot be tampered with, as happens in centralized systems. In order to solve the problem of manipulating or modifying information and knowledge of the origin of the product and increasing the consumer's transparency of the product coming from a series of the supply chain, this research suggests building a system to tracing the product. All product information is stored in serial blockchain through an algorithm that organizes the work of each part of the supply chain and the information it stores. Also, an algorithm to retrieve product information by searching for Blockchain. The results are expected to be important in terms of increased food security and increased competition between distributors. The entire purpose behind supply chain the management and coordination are to give customers the level and nature of administration that they require and to do as such at less expense to the complete supply chain. Traceability is a big necessity in supply chain ventures, particularly for the agri-food industry. Building a product tracking system in a supply chain to enable the consumer and government agencies to track and know the source and origin of the product in an easy, safe and reliable way from tampering and provide the fixed system the just manager can approve accepted users that be trusted people because will add data that all world will see it for that in the system, we build an algorithm to generate the activation key for adding a client.
Zhiguo Du, Zhihui Wu, Bin Wen, Kehui Xiao · 5 authors
Block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, distributed storage, open and transparent, consensus mechanism, security, information encryption, anonymity and so on. It provides an important way to realize the value added of modern animal supply chain. This paper studies the blockchain related technology, an optimization scheme of sBFT consensus algorithm is proposed, and then the optimization scheme is applied to traceability of animal product quality and safety, which solves the problem of decentralization of traceability system and improves the efficiency of consensus in the case of large data input of traceability system. Then, based on Fabric framework, this paper proposes the design and implementation scheme of traceability system for aquaculture industry chain, which can ensure that the participants of traceability system can not tamper with and modify the aquaculture records, and realize the security, reliability and unforgeability of traceability information. Finally, this paper builds a 12-Node block-chain network test environment based on four cloud servers. Under the same test conditions, the sBFT algorithm, PBFT algorithm and dBFT algorithm are tested and compared, and the function and performance of the traceability platform are tested, which shows that the system is feasibility and efficiency of the schemes designed in this paper.
The prevention of food loss throughout the supply chain, including manufacturers, has become a major challenge for a number of organisations. In addition, consumers are also increasingly interested in the authenticity of food and want to ensure that they receive the right quality of food. To address this issue, there is a need for reliable and robust tools to be available in the Industry 4.0 era that can trace the food throughout the supply chain from the farm through processing until it reaches the customer and, thus, ensure transparency. Using the people, process, and technology (PPT) model, this paper develops a blockchain-enabled food supply chain framework including the future opportunities and the present impediments based on the systematic literature review and semi-structured case interviews from the context of emerging economies. The study investigates the suitability of blockchain technology in resolving major challenges, such as traceability, trust, and accountability in the food industry. The study further paves the way for future researchers to address the technological and people-related challenges in the Industry 4.0 era to mitigate the emerging problems in the food sector. Interestingly, we did not find many issues in process- and performance-related aspects. The study offers empirical evidence of blockchain technology implementation in the Industry 4.0 era that opens up the discussion for future researchers and lists the potential threats.
Antonio Biscotti, Carlo Giannelli, Cedric Franck Ngatcha Keyi, R. Lazzarini · 7 authors
In modern society, food safety is becoming more and more important. The adoption of appropriate practices, such as the ones defined in the HACCP system, during food production, handling, preparation, and storage can reasonably guarantee food safety. However, it is not easy to apply HACCP methodologies in an automatic form, thus hindering its use in industrial machines. To solve this problem, the paper presents a novel solution adopting Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain technologies in the ice cream production process to automate the enforcement of HACCP directives. The new Carpigiani ice cream making machines exploit IoT for the automation of data gathering (in particular the temperature, that is of particular concern for dairy products) and a Blockchain solution for a tamper-proof and non-repudiable distributed storage of HACCP sensitive production data.
As Chinaâs agricultural output has improved, the national and local monitoring system of agricultural product safety has become much better, and monitoring standards have become increasingly strict. Despite this, there are agricultural product safety incidents which have caused consumer panic. One way to address this is by properly establishing tracking systems so that agricultural product logistics in China can be tracked and monitored. We explored this research objective with agricultural traceability and security in mind. One option that could be considered is the blockchain technology. Blockchain could also be used to ascertain the provenance of agricultural products to increase the quality and safety of the Chinese agricultural supply chain. In this context, this research converged on big data and technology, platforms and other means for product quality and safety of agricultural products traceability. In order to verify the accuracy of these three convergence, regression analysis were used to construct five models for verification of three hypothesis. The results show that based on âInternet+â, using big data, big technology and big platform can significantly increase the accuracy of agricultural products traceability system hence improve consumer acceptance of the safety of agricultural products.
Abstract As a disruptive Internet technology, blockchain technology is more open, authentic, and traceable than traditional Internet technology. Compared with the traditional food safety tracing system, the food safety tracing system based on blockchain technology has the advantages of reducing costs, improving efficiency, and facilitating supervision by the regulatory department or the general public. However, due to the short development time of the blockchain technology, the food safety under the âblockchain + agricultureâ model will still face challenges such as lack of infrastructure and talent, higher hazards of information and data leakage, and lagging of relevant laws and regulations.
Aug 1, 2020·2020 7th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud)/2020 6th IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (EdgeCom)
Food security and quality has become an increasingly concerned issue around the world. Recent food falsification cases have caused vast public health risk and economic damage while eroding consumersâ trust. Ever more prevalent is the danger of infectious disease among livestock that may cause serious economic damage while adding uncertainty to the worldâs food supply. Animal-human transmitted diseases infect humans and are the culprits for the 2003 SARS, 2009 H1N1 Avian Flu, and 2019 Coronavirus outbreaks. Livestock monitoring is a promising approach in disease warning, authenticating food supply chain and tracking sources of contamination in the production cycle. One way of addressing the traceability issue and ensuring accountability is by utilizing blockchain technology as a ledger. This paper proposes a novel method to apply blockchain technology to ensure traceability and authenticity in the livestock supply chain, hence making the livestock farming process more scientific and trustworthy.
Internet of things(IoT) is the conception of interfacing the devices to the internet to make life more efficient. It comprises the large amount of data in its network where it fails to assure complete security in the network. Blockchain is a distributed ledger where it mainly focuses on the data security. Every block in the blockchain network is connected to its next block, which prevents threats like large data loss. In the area of agri-food supply chain, where IoT plays a very important role, there occurs data integrity issues or data tampering. This can lead to improper supply chain management, timely shortage of goods, food spoilage, etc. So the traceability of agri-food supply chain is necessary to ensure food safety and to increase the trust between all stakeholders and consumers. Many illegal activities can be prevented, and cold chain monitoring can be achieved by bringing in transparency and traceability.
Fran Casino, Venetis Kanakaris, Thomas K. Dasaklis, Socrates J. Moschuris · 7 authors
Traceability has become a critical element in supply chain management, particularly in safety-sensitive sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, etc. Upstream (manufacturers, producers, etc.) and downstream (distributors, wholesalers, etc.) supply chain members need to store and handle traceability-related information for providing proof of regulatory compliance to both state authorities and more demanding customers. Consumers also place high expectations on food supply chains (FSC) with specific emphasis on facets related to safety. However, the complexity of modern FSC networks and their fragmentation act as barriers for the development of sound traceability mechanisms. In this paper a distributed trustless and secure architecture for FSC traceability is developed and tested. For assessing the feasibility of the proposed approach, a food traceability case study from a dairy company is presented. The applicability of the model is further illustrated by the development of fully functional smart contracts and a local private blockchain. Moreover, the various links between the proposed blockchain-based model and its managerial implications are presented. The overall benefits of the proposed model are discussed along with fruitful areas for future research. The results are of significant value to both practitioners and researchers.
Somdip Dey, Suman Saha, A.R. Singh, Klaus D. McDonald-Maier
Food safety is an important issue in todayâs world. Traditional agri-food production system doesnât offer easy traceability of the produce at any point of the supply chain, and hence, during a food-borne outbreak, it is very difficult to sift through food production data to track produce and origin of the outbreak. In recent years, blockchain based food production system has resolved this challenge, however, none of the proposed methodologies makes the food production data easily accessible, traceable and verifiable by consumers or producers using mobile/edge devices. In this paper, we propose FoodSQRBlock (Food Safety Quick Response Block), a blockchain technology based framework, which digitizes the food production information, and makes it easily accessible, traceable and verifiable by the consumers and producers by using QR codes. We also propose a large scale integration of FoodSQRBlock in the cloud to show the feasibility and scalability of the framework, and experimental evaluation to prove that.