The healthcare industry is exponentially growing its dependence on smart wearables and remote devices for efficient treatment and diagnosis. These smart devices benefit the healthcare industry, but they raise serious security and integrity concerns while exchanging healthcare data. These devices are primarily meant for data dissemination; hence, they are equipped with weak security protocols that are susceptible to attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), data injection, and man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attacks. To circumvent the aforementioned security challenges, this article proposed a secure and intelligent data exchange framework for smart healthcare systems. For that, we amalgamate artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology to strengthen the security of data dissemination between smart medical devices. Further, we adopted fuzzy logic that extracts the essential features from the healthcare security dataset to enhance the detection rate of AI models. We used different AI algorithms such as logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), decision trees (DT), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB) to classify healthcare data into malicious and non-malicious. The predicted data can still be maneuvered by adversaries that introduce subtle changes that skew the results to their advantage. Therefore, we employed blockchain technology that stores non-malicious healthcare data (predicted data) from data tampering attacks. The developed smart contract validates the non-malicious healthcare data and only allows them to be securely stored inside the interplanetary file system (IPFS)-based public blockchain. The proposed framework is evaluated by considering various evaluation metrics like recall, precision, accuracy, F1 score, area under the curve (AUC) score, and blockchain scalability.
The integration of blockchain technology in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for sustainable supply chain management in the context of Industry 4.0 offers several potential benefits. A public and auditable record of the environmental impact of each supply chain stage can be made using blockchain technology. A more streamlined and effective supply chain is made possible by blockchain's decentralized structure. Delays, mistakes, and the need for middlemen are decreased by real-time access to a shared ledger. IIoT devices like sensors and RFID tags can provide real-time data on the location, condition, and environmental parameters of goods. Blockchain can then be used to record and incentivize sustainable practices, such as reducing energy consumption or minimizing waste. The integration of blockchain with IIoT can develop the supply chain management for enabling real-time tracking of goods, optimizing inventory management, and ensuring compliance with sustainability standards. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the key challenges facing traditional supply chains and how the combined use of Blockchains and IIoT technologies. The review also evaluates the environmental, social, and economic implications of adopting Blockchain-enabled IIoT solutions in supply chain operations. Furthermore, the review assesses the current state of research and development, identifying gaps in existing literature and proposing avenues for future exploration. As a results, by highlighting the synergies between these technologies, it seeks to inspire further innovation and adoption, ultimately fostering a more resilient, transparent, and environmentally conscious industrial ecosystem.
Mohammed L. Khalaf, Israa M. Hayder, Taief Alaa Al-Amiedy, Hussain A. Younis · 8 authors
The Internet of Thing (IoT) is an innovative technology designed to integrate tangible artefacts with the digital era, resulting in the development of new digital services to improve and ease our lives. Despite the advantages of IoT technology in a variety of industries. The existing centralised IoT architecture has a number of issues, including single point of failure, stability, safety, accountability, and data integrity. Such issues are impeding the growth of IoT in the future. To address the a forementioned issues, distributed ledger technologies are regarded as promising and feasible solutions. The blockchain is one of the most prevalent and widely used forms of distributed ledger technology. The combination of IoT and blockchain technology has numerous advantages. The combination of IoT and blockchain technologies will provide numerous benefits. This article demonstrates the fundamentals of IoT and blockchain technology in order to provide a thorough analysis of the architecture of the combination of IoT and blockchain technology. In addition, this study provided a comprehensive description of the combination of the blockchain with the IoT platform from a variety of perspectives in order to address IoT's shortcoming. The service function of blockchain in IoT applications is demonstrated. Finally, the prospective applications of blockchain technology to IoT fields are discussed.
Latifa Albshaier, Alanoud Budokhi, Ahmed Aljughaiman
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, which play essential roles in our everyday routines, is expected to emerge as a fundamental element of the forthcoming internet, realizing increased usage and acceptance. This fusion is anticipated to revolutionize various applications, offering The integration of IoT and cloud may pose challenges. Cloud computing’s capacity to distribute resources and data across diverse locations, facilitating access from different industrial settings, has significantly enhanced IoT functionality. However, rapid migration to the cloud has raised security concerns, as conventional security measures for computers are not always applied effectively to cloud-based systems. Overcoming these obstacles can be achieved by integrating cloud and IoT technologies, as the vast resources available on the cloud can greatly benefit IoT, helping the cloud transcend current limitations related to physical objects in a more dynamic, distributed manner. Several discoveries from the research were made by exploring the facilitation of a smooth shift of IoT initiatives to the cloud by studying IoT and cloud computing, investigating various cloud-related challenges and resolutions derived from recent scholarly works, and analyzing the most recent advancements in attacks targeting cloud-based IoT systems. Identifying gaps in the research on IoT-based cloud infrastructure and addressing cybersecurity in cloud computing is important for future research directions, necessitating a review of the technological challenges mentioned in the literature. As such, this research explores how blockchain technology effectively addresses security concerns within this combination, emphasizing its capacity to improve data integrity and privacy and to ensure secure transactions. The exploration delves into the multifaceted implications and potential applications of blockchain, elucidating its role in reinforcing the overall security of these interconnected systems.
Thanks to developments in artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, cyber security, and other game-changing technologies, the information technology (IT) landscape is changing quickly. With an emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI), multi-cloud strategies, cybersecurity resilience, quantum computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), DevOps, blockchain, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) activities, this article offers a thorough examination of current IT developments influencing companies in 2024. Business operations are being completely transformed by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), which improve automation and personalization while bringing up moral questions of justice and transparency. Organizations are using AI-driven threat detection and zero-trust architecture more frequently as cyber threats increase in order to strengthen cybersecurity resilience. As cloud computing advances toward multi-cloud and hybrid models, businesses can benefit from increased scalability, flexibility, and reduced vendor lock-in. Though they are still in the experimental stage, emerging technologies like quantum computing offer promising improvements in computational capacity and the ability to solve complicated problems. Furthermore, the integration of 5G with IoT devices is improving real-time data processing in a number of industries, including logistics and healthcare. Initially restricted to cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology is increasingly being used in secure data management and decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. Lastly, companies are embracing green IT solutions and sustainable practices as part of the growing popularity of ESG activities. This paper clarifies these important IT trends through a detailed literature study, industry research, and expert insights, offering a thorough picture of how companies should strategically navigate the continuing digital revolution.
This paper provides a comprehensive approach to Bitcoin price, returns, direction and volatility forecasting. It compares ARIMA and GARCH models to neural network (NN) autoregression and Jordan NN in their forecasting performances, using internal and external factors. Robustness of the results is verified across bearish, bullish and stable market conditions. The results are not unambiguous considering price, returns or volatility forecasting, when compared using different performance measures or through different periods. Return and volatility forecasting yields to stable results no matter the model or period observed. NNs in general emerge as optimal for return and direction forecasting, ARIMAX and NNARX for price forecasting, while for volatility forecasting all models yield comparable results. Price forecasting yields the best prediction accuracies, while JNNX performed poorly. However, the inclusion of other machine learning methods and/or different variables as well as recent crisis emerged from war circumstances can be seen as limiting factors.
Abstract This paper addresses the critical challenges of scalability, interoperability, and user adoption in IoT-blockchain integration for urban energy systems. Existing frameworks often rely on energy-intensive consensus mechanisms (e.g., Proof of Work) or centralized architectures, limiting their applicability to large-scale, sustainable smart cities. To bridge these gaps, we propose a novel IoT blockchain framework that uniquely combines hybrid consensus mechanisms (Proof of Stake + Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance), K-means clustering for demand-response optimization, and lightweight IoT protocols (MQTT/CoAP) to ensure energy efficiency, scalability, and user-centric design. Our approach leverages real-world datasets (UK-DALE, PECAN Street) to train predictive models, cluster energy consumption patterns, and automate decentralized energy trading via blockchain smart contracts. Simulations demonstrate a 15% reduction in energy costs for high-consumption clusters, 80% lower energy use (50 kWh/tx vs. 500 kWh/tx for PoW), and near-linear scalability for 500+ IoT devices. A secure dashboard with AI-driven recommendations (e.g., peak-load alerts) further enhances stakeholder engagement. By addressing technical limitations of previous works, such as computational bottlenecks, lack of user interfaces, and poor interoperability, our framework provides actionable insights for policymakers to advance sustainable urban energy systems. These results position the proposed architecture as a transformative solution for scalable, eco-friendly smart cities.
Likhitha Amasala, Mahesh Datta Sai Ponnuru, P. Srideviponmalar
At present, technological systems lack a secure and transparent method for tracking goods and preventing theft in e-commerce, leading to trust issues and data vulnerabilities. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive solution that integrates Ethereum blockchain, IPFS, and advanced cryptographic techniques to address these challenges and enhance the security and transparency of transactions. This research paper presents a robust system that harnesses the Ethereum blockchain, IPFS (Interplanetary File System), and advanced cryptographic algorithms to create a secure, decentralized approach for tracking goods and preventing theft incidents. Unique identifiers and related information will be sent to the mail of the customer and same should entered by the customer for successful transaction. By assigning unique identifiers to purchased products and employing cryptographic techniques to encrypt sensitive data, our system ensures both user privacy and the creation of an immutable transaction ledger. Users can efficiently manage their purchased goods, block stolen items, and communicate with sellers through an intuitive interface. Additionally, the system provides sellers with a comprehensive transaction history, enhancing accountability and transparency within the supply chain. Through this research, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our blockchain based anti-theft measures, underpinned by Ethereum, IPFS, and cutting-edge cryptographic algorithms, in fostering secure, trustless transactions. This work highlights the transformative potential of blockchain technology and decentralized protocols in revolutionizing security and transparency across diverse sectors.
In the current digital landscape, almost everyone is on social media or various social media platforms. People use social media for a plethora of purposes, which include staying connected with friends and family, accessing information and updates about ongoing events, entertainment, networking with professionals, expressing themselves to a wide range of users, promoting businesses, joining online communities and engaging in various activities which has led to an increase in the consumption and usage of online social networks (OSN). One of the reasons for such a growth is their features such as ubiquitous access, on-demand service, friendship networks, user engagement strategies like recommendation engines, etc. However, there are various limitations to the current approach, such as the centralization of control, lack of data ownership, poor access control, fake news, bot accounts, censorship, digital rights management issues, etc. To address these limitations, a paradigm shift is necessary. This paper aims to develop a social media application where every post can be converted to a Non-Fungible Token (NFT) and be sold to earn money. Interplanetary File System (IPFS) is used as the decentralized storage. Algorithms for all the functionalities of the applications are given along with an algorithm for a reputation score for every user and their posts in social media are also proposed.
Open access
3 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The sixth generation (6G) wireless cellular networks are anticipated to include the most recent advancements in network infrastructure and new technological discoveries.In addition to exploring more spectrum at high-frequency bands, it will bring together cutting-edge technical trends like blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and connected robotics.6G and Next-Generation Internet: Under Blockchain Web3 Economy by Abdeljalil Beniiche explores the human-centeredness of blockchain and Web3 economy for the 6G era.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution to enhancing data security, privacy, and transparency, especially in cloud computing environments. As cloud computing continues to grow in popularity for its flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, its reliance on centralized data management systems creates significant security vulnerabilities. Blockchain, a decentralized and distributed ledger technology, offers an innovative approach to mitigate these concerns by providing immutable and transparent data transactions. This paper examines the integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing, exploring its role in revolutionizing data security, privacy, and transparency. Through case studies and research findings, the paper evaluates the potential benefits and challenges of adopting blockchain for securing cloud infrastructures, improving service integrity, and fostering trust in cloud environments.
Blockchain-based agricultural IoT systems face key challenges, such as high delay and low-transaction throughput. Existing complicated consensus mechanisms can cause IoT devices work inefficiently due to the limited computing, storage and energy resources. Additionally, many message exchanges can lead to high latency in the consensus process, which hinders the real-time applications of the agricultural IoT. Therefore, we propose Proof-of-Multifactor-Capacity (PoMC), an efficient and secure consensus mechanism for the agricultural IoT. It uses the communication capacity and credibility of a node as the evidence for making consensus. Moreover, a senator node lottery algorithm based on a credit mechanism and a new distributed incentive mechanism are designed to enhance security and motivate nodes to actively maintain the system. This article analyses the performance of PoMC theoretically, including security, latency, and system throughput, and presents a comparison of its asymptotic complexity with some existing consensus mechanisms. The simulation results demonstrate that the average transaction validation latency and average consensus latency of PoMC have decreased by 10% and 23%. In addition, PoMC outperforms SENATE, PoQF and practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) by 56%, 60% and 64% in terms of the system throughput, respectively.
As the internet of things (IoT) and industrial internet of things (IIoT) continue to expand, the need for robust cyber security solutions becomes increasingly critical. The convergence of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising opportunities to address the security challenges posed by IoT and IIoT applications. This chapter provides an overview of the potential synergies between blockchain and AI in the context of cyber security for IoT and IIoT. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, can provide enhanced security and trust in IoT and IIoT networks. It offers features such as data integrity, transparency, and tamper resistance, making it well-suited for securing critical data and transactions. Additionally, blockchain can facilitate secure device identity management, access control, and secure communication among IoT and IIoT devices.
Ibegbulam C.M, O.J Aigbovbiosa, J. A. Olowonubi, S. A. Fatounde
The research explores the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and electrification in Africa, focusing on the challenges and emerging trends. The electrification deficit in Africa poses a significant impediment to economic development and social progress. This paper explores the pivotal role that Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays in addressing the challenges associated with electrification initiatives across the African continent. With its capacity for innovation and optimization, AI emerges as a transformative force capable of revolutionizing the planning, deployment, and management of electrification projects in a region characterized by diverse geographical landscapes and economic constraints. The paper investigates the potential of AI in addressing financial barriers associated with electrification projects. By facilitating innovative financing models, reducing operational costs, and attracting investments, AI contributes to creating sustainable and economically viable electrification solutions. The focus extends to decentralized energy systems and microgrids, exploring how AI can empower remote and underserved communities with reliable access to electricity. The socio-economic impact of AI-driven electrification initiatives is also scrutinized, emphasizing the potential for job creation, economic growth, and improved living standards. The paper discusses the importance of capacity building and local empowerment to ensure that AI technologies are effectively integrated into electrification projects while fostering inclusive and sustainable development. It highlights the role of AI in revolutionizing electrification, predicting electricity consumption and enabling decentralized solutions. AI-driven electrification has shown economic and social benefits, including enhanced productivity, improved quality of life, and increased market access. However, it also raises ethical concerns and privacy implications. The research emphasizes the need for proactive mitigation strategies and collaborations across sectors to drive regulatory frameworks, technological innovations, and global impact. The research envisions a future where AI plays a central role in fostering inclusive growth, connecting communities, and illuminating a digitally transformed and sustainable continent. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Electrification, Africa, Electricity, Energy