Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology have attracted interest in a variety of applications across many industries. Understanding end-user perception of risk will assist in understanding user behavior and help to facilitate the adoption of blockchain services such as cryptocurrency. This understanding becomes more timely with the recent announcement of the cryptocurrencies Facebook Libra and Telegram Gram. Based on theories from behavioral decision science and previous studies in e-Commerce, we developed measures for risk perception, proposed hypotheses to compare risk perception using cryptocurrency with those in other domains, and designed experimental scenarios to relate risk perception to choices of using cryptocurrency. Our preliminary empirical study suggests that risk perception is of the same magnitude as online risk in e-Commerce but different from those in social and financial situations. Upon further empirical validation, we expect to gain a better understanding of user risk perception and attitude towards using cryptocurrency.
Smart contracts are self-executing contracts defining rules for negotiating, verifying the fulfillment of rules and executing the agreement using formal code. They run on top of a blockchain. Errors in smart contracts are costly and are mostly found too late after execution, which is too late for fixing. To improve the validation of executed smart contracts, this paper suggests a process mining based approach. For this, we present an approach for the extraction of meaningful event logs from a blockchain. The event log can be imported in any process mining tool and validation and verification techniques can be used allowing to diagnose (non)conformity in smart contracts by means of common quality measures and with low latency after smart contract execution.
The latest technologies are shifting how businesses capture, analyse and distribute data from the individual users' online activity. Therefore, this contribution critically reviews the latest developments on big data analytics and programmatic advertising. Moreover, it sheds light on the use of blockchain; as this distributed ledger technology provides secure, verified transactions among marketplace stakeholders. The findings suggest that the service providers are increasingly utilising data-driven technologies including programmatic advertising tools to target and re-target individuals online or on their mobile. However, individuals and organisations are becoming increasingly aware on data protection issues, as they often block marketers from tracking them and serving them ads. In conclusion, this contribution puts forward a theoretical framework that explains how, why, where and when practitioners are capturing, analysing and distributing data. In sum, it implies that the data-driven technologies are facilitating the businesses' customer-centric marketing.
In present days, data security and citizen privacy are the vulnerable areas globally. Amongst them, healthcare systems are the most targeted ones. In Nepal, among the few e-health systems available, most are disconnected, fragmented and cyber security aspect is overlooked, creating even more risk. To effectively guide health care systems and make it more citizen-centric, centralized secured online healthcare system is essential. This study proposes a centralized, permissioned Blockchain based secured healthcare system using hyperledger for developing countries. This system follows distributed storage technology to facilitate better availability, redundancy and strong confidentiality using cryptographic encryption. Besides, this technique creates a transparent yet secure and immutable data storage and sharing platform. It optimally and effectively contributes to the transfer of health information that is cost effective. Regarding it, a pilot study was performed taking a tertiary care hospital; Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services (CHEERS) and its community hospital at Chapagaun. It was validated using the balanced scorecard to confirm its cost-effective performance. Nineteen most essential key progress indicators were chosen for study. From this study, it was deduced that transforming internal business process of a hospital setting by implementing proposed healthcare system results in 75% customer satisfaction as well as 63% financial gain. This approach uplifts the healthcare organizations and their financial status. It, in turn, sets a benchmark for a secured health care system of developing countries as a whole.
Several problems exist in scientific research project management systems (SRPMSs), such as forgery, tampering, and plagiarism in project application. Additionally, withdrawal and misappropriation of funds in the course of projects and qualitative analysis and evaluation of the expected results of projects consisting of papers, monographs, (tests)reports, and patent inventions during project review remain a challenging task for SRPMS. Blockchain is a distributed database that is maintained by the entire network. It maintains all historical transaction data. This paper proposes researchain using blockchain for SRPMSs and analyzes the key technologies of each module in this model. This provides a new method for the construction of science research management platform.
Enterprise Architecture (EA) represents both business and Information Technology (IT) perspectives, which must be constantly updated in response to the transformations of the company; this update is difficult to achieve. The problem has been addressed on different fronts and there are still ways to explore, one of them is the blockchain technology, especially the way to extend the logic of smart contracts to the company. In this study the authors propose to implement a new type of operational processes activity through smart contracts, which could detect that, the process in which they are operating, has an unexpected behavior and, in turn, warn of possible needs to update the AE and the same smart contract.
Youssef Wehbe, Mohammed Al Za’abi, Davor Svetinović
Healthcare-related technology has been growing exponentially, from electronic healthcare records (EHRs) and personal health trackers to population health management tools. Currently, data from these sources is largely archived, analyzed separately or using only cursory integration with other data sources. In this study, we propose a coupled AI-Blockchain EHR management system. The goal is to provide a platform that leverages blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) for (i) secure EHR management, (ii) efficient data integration, and (iii) reliable computer-aided diagnoses. A goal-oriented modeling approach with the Constrained Goal Model (CGM) is used to elicit the system requirements. Questionnaire results for a case study in Abu Dhabi, UAE served for model validation and refinement for maximizing the number of system users.
Logistics management plays a crucial role in the execution and success of international trades. Current solutions for logistics management suffer from a number of issues. One of the major areas for improvement is inconsistent data and lack of trust and transparency between multiple participants. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) or blockchain has the inherent characteristics to address this issue, and is well suited to be applied to supply chain document and workflow management. This paper demonstrates how to apply DLT to achieve a higher level of efficiency through consistent data store, automated workflow process, and tamper-proof transaction history for provenance in the supply chain.
Muhammad Muzammal, Qiang Qu, Bulat Nasrulin, Anders Skovsgaard
A blockchain is a decentralised linked data structure that is characterised by its inherent resistance to data modification, but it is deficient in search queries, primarily due to its inferior data formatting. A distributed database is also a decentralised data structure which features quick query processing and well-designed data formatting but suffers from data reliability. In this demonstration, we showcase a blockchain database application platform developed by integrating the blockchain with the database, i.e. we demonstrate a system that has the decentralised, distributed and audibility features of the blockchain and quick query processing and well-designed data structure of the distributed databases. The system features a tamper-resistant, consistent and cost-effective multi-active database and an effective and reliable data-level disaster recovery backup. The system is demonstrated in practice as a multi-active database along with the data-level disaster recovery backup feature.
The data science technologies of artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data and behavioral/predictive analytics, and blockchain are poised to revolutionize government and create a new generation of GovTech start-ups. The impact from the ‘smartification’ of public services and the national infrastructure will be much more significant in comparison to any other sector given government’s function and importance to every institution and individual. Potential GovTech systems include Chatbots and intelligent assistants for public engagement, Robo-advisors to support civil servants, real-time management of the national infrastructure using IoT and blockchain, automated compliance/regulation, public records securely stored in blockchain distributed ledgers, online judicial and dispute resolution systems, and laws/statutes encoded as blockchain smart contracts. Government is potentially the major ‘client’ and also ‘public champion’ for these new data technologies. This review paper uses our simple taxonomy of government services to provide an overview of data science automation being deployed by governments world-wide. The goal of this review paper is to encourage the Computer Science community to engage with government to develop these new systems to transform public services and support the work of civil servants.
Summary This paper investigates what are referred to as ‘open information transactions’. Such transactions are in contrast to traditional transactions, where typically two parties to a transaction are the only ones with information about the transaction. For example, in a sale, the seller and the purchaser typically are the only ones with information about the transaction. However, some emerging technologies, such as blockchain accounting, supply chain social media, and hashtag commerce are making information about the transactions potentially openly available to others. This paper investigates some of the implications and strategies that include the use of that open information. For example, open information in accounting and supply chain transactions provides the potential for both business intelligence analysis of the information and possibly misleading and illusory transactions, analogous to those that have garnered the recent attention of the Justice Department in cryptocurrencies. Finally, this paper suggests that blockchain transaction processing will provide reliable information in those settings where there is a “single truth” feed of information flow for the phenomena of interest, no ability to do off‐blockchain transactions (or a large penalty cost) and limitation to a single identity for each enterprise on the blockchain.
For supporting the conceptualization and the management of enterprise models in a decentralized manner, this paper introduces an approach based on model versioning and blockchain technologies. The main contribution is twofold, consisting of a., the creation of models for inter-organizational business processes in a decentralized environment, and b., means for tracking process instances using meta-data at run time. Models for business processes, workflows, and instance states are collaboratively created as part of a decentralized architecture. Based on this approach, a hierarchical versioning and modeling approach is employed in order to create and manage public and private models in a transactional fashion. For forming relationships among decentralized participants, semi-formal models linked to a blockchain are suggested. The approach is evaluated with a supply chain use case and demonstrated in an implemented modeling tool.
Blockchain technology is already being talked about as one of the megatrends for the next years. Researchers and organisations are starting to understand the potential benefits of this technology and are exploring how it can disrupt the world we live in with a diverse range of applications. But the truth is the ability to move blockchain from concept to adoption and production has been minimal yet. When it comes to auditing, blockchain solutions could have important benefits by reducing the workload of the auditors, helping in minimising fraud and optimising the existing processes but is also vital to have in mind other emerging technologies. Factom, Libra, and Verady are some examples of companies developing blockchain solutions that can be applied in the auditing environment, but much of the necessary development is still yet to be done.
In today’s world, everything is transforming to digital forms. These yield large amount of data. A good analysis of these data can lead to new knowledge about the present situation as well as the future insight. While many advantages could be obtained from these large data, the issue on how to run the Machine Learning on a large dataset as effective and efficient as possible remains an open problem. In this paper, data processing simulation using machine learning algorithm ofLinear Regression is conducted to learn from Bitcoin trading dataset. The simulation is carried out in Apache Spark cluster architecture and GPU. The running time and error of the algorithm implementation in both architectures are compared with each other. The simulation results show similar error performance between Apache Spark cluster and GPU. Yet, Apache Spark can run the simulation faster than GPU.
Every time the development of technology enters a new epoch, big changes inthe business and society will follow. Especially for the entrepreneurs, it signifies both opportunities and challenges at the same time. In the next decade, IoT, AI and blockchain will be the main driving forces in the upcoming technological revolution and demonstrate great synergic potential. There is an old saying, “In a strong wind even turkeys can fly”. The company who can seize this chance may become to the next GAFAs (Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple); whereas those who completely ignores it may be rolled out of the marketeventually. Business model canvas is a very popular method for startups to align the resources and formulate the strategy, which is also the framework used in our research. The main target of this thesis is to demonstrate a thinking method to converge these new technologies in the business models and evaluate the most significant elements in the business planning stage. It could help the future startups to take advantages of the opportunities and overcome the challengesin the new business environment.
It's a sunny March morning in 2023. 7:18 AM. You're buttering your bagel and gulping your coffee like always. You're looking forward to your commute - you'll do a conference call with your team and catch up on the news. You're thankful you don't have to actually drive, your car knows the way. As you get into your car you are presented with an urgent message. Your car has been immobilized and you need to pay 4 Bitcoin in ransom. You're not going anywhere right now. The world will have 50 billion connected devices by 2020. We've all heard this stat by now, but what does this really mean for individuals and society? What will be different? How fast will these shifts occur? Will we be ready? Learn from one of the foremost IoT thought leaders how a world of sensors, devices and machines everywhere, some we see, others we don't, sending vast quantities of data, will affect our daily lives, change our behaviors, and influence our thoughts about innovation, convenience, security and privacy. We'll examine a day in the life of a digital citizen in 2020 and identify the implications of a world where nearly everything is connected. 3 questions this session will answer: ; What does a world of 50 billion connected devices look like? What are all these devices, what are they doing and why? : What are some of the major ways society and interpersonal relations will change in a world where nearly everything is connected? : This world is coming - are we ready? What are some of the implications of this onslaught of connectivity on issues like privacy and security?
Jan 1, 2018·Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Smart City infrastructures require contracts between public and private organizations collaborating in what is frequently referred to as fog computing platforms. We investigate contract provision variations from different stakeholder perspectives. Our methodology relies on complex adaptive systems theory, and we simulate different contract provision scenarios to identify patterns that emerge. The specific contract provisions we investigate in this paper are related to analytical model and data ownership paradigm variations. We find that some variations offer advantages to stakeholders that include those who participate in the smart city fog platform and those who may have ownership of smart city fog platform infrastructure.
This dissertation consists of three essays that design and evaluate the continuous audit analytics and fraud prevention systems using three emerging technologies (i.e., the blockchain, in-memory cloud computing, and deep learning). The first essay designs a framework of Blockchain-based Transaction Processing System using the homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proof mechanisms. Furthermore, this study develops a prototype of the designed system to demonstrate its applications in real-time accounting, continuous monitoring, and fraud prevention. Although the simulation tests show the Blockchain-based Transaction Processing System consumes more computational overhead than the conventional database-based ERP system, the blockchain should be considered as a promising technology for future accounting and auditing practice. The second essay introduces the database architecture that manages data in main physical memory and columnar format. This essay proposes a conceptual framework for applying the in-memory columnar database system to support high-speed continuous audit analytics. Moreover, this study develops a prototype and conducts the simulation tests to evaluate the proposed framework. The test results show the high efficiency and effectiveness of the in-memory columnar database relative to the conventional ERP system regarding the computational time and the storage volume. Furthermore, the deployment of the in-memory columnar database to the cloud shows great promise of applying the in-memory columnar database for continuous audit analytics. The third essay designs a continuous fraud detection system based on modified deep learning technology. Specifically, this essay builds an accounting layer on top of the deep learning architecture to process financial data for predicting the fraudulent financial statements. A prototype is developed to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the proposed design. The test results show the deep learning-based continuous fraud detection system provides high prediction accuracy relative to the existing studies of financial statement fraud detection.
Shehu M. Sarkintudu, Huda Ibrahim, Alawiyah Abd Wahab
Blockchain platform has given information system scholars research opportunities in understanding dynamics of convergence of technology and social context. The information system research issues are complex and require taxonomies to understand the similarities and uniqueness among objects. Developing taxonomies is a complex process that needs systematic approach. This paper is a research-in-progress. We proposed taxonomy for Blockchain platform using existing method of developing taxonomies in information systems. With the unprecedented growth led to several companies to develop the varieties of Blockchain platforms. The complexity in the implementation and understanding the technical protocols leading to difficulty face by researchers and practitioners to access their full potentials. To bridge the gap, we proposed a taxonomy of Blockchains distributed ledger platforms in order to provide a mechanism for researchers and practitioners to understand the phenomenon. Final of taxonomy contains five (5) dimensions with fifteen (15) characteristics. Our analysis discovered Blockchain platforms are designed with specific goals, which prescribe its features, i.e FinTech Blockchain platforms for financial domain.
Jan 1, 2018·Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Gilbert Fridgen, Sven Radszuwill, Nils Urbach, Lena Utz
Bringing Blockchain technology and business process management together, we follow the Design Science Research approach and design, implement, and evaluate a Blockchain prototype for cross-organizational workflow management together with a German bank. For the use case of a documentary letter of credit we describe the status quo of the process, identify areas of improvement, implement a Blockchain solution, and compare both workflows. The prototype illustrates that the process, as of today paper-based and with high manual effort, can be significantly improved. Our research reveals that a tamper-proof process history for improved auditability, automation of manual process steps and the decentralized nature of the system can be major advantages of a Blockchain solution for cross-organizational workflow management. Further, our research provides insights how Blockchain technology can be used for business process management in general.