The proposed idea is to give all the agricultural stakeholders secure storage. We must automate several processes utilizing brilliant codes to reduce risks and errors. The suggested schema applies Blockchain, source codes, and IoT on a farm network to enhance the analysis of agrarian datasets and tracking products to raise the productivity of agro-based supply chains. The application’s architecture will fix the faults found in earlier research. In the suggested method, sensors give us information about the environment. The Blockchain ledger stores our data in blocks. We create special agricultural automated codes in the treatment layer to automate task decisions.
Sanjaikanth E Vadakkethil Somanathan Pillai, Priyanka Pawar
Blockchain technology, the backbone of popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, has garnered massive interest in recent years for its capability to revolutionize traditional economic structures. However, Blockchain applications extend beyond simple finance and hold promising implications for mobile enterprises. One primary mission in cellular networks is maintaining accuracy and protection among customers and service providers. Traditional methods of securing records, including centralized databases, are susceptible to cyber assaults and data breaches. Cellular network security can be improved by using the decentralized, immutable structure that Blockchain technology provides. By leveraging Blockchain, cellular networks can utilize the core features of the distributed ledger, consensus, and encryption to create a more secure environment. The distributed ledger ensures that transactions among customers and service providers are recorded and verified using a network that doesn't rely on a central authority. The consensus mechanism ensures that any change or update to the network is agreed upon by the majority, making it exceedingly difficult for hackers to manipulate the system.
In the contemporary healthcare domain, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized patient care, enabling real-time monitoring, enhanced diagnostics, and personalized treatment plans. However, this digital transformation is accompanied by unprecedented challenges in ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive healthcare data. Traditional cybersecurity measures often fall short in addressing the complexity and dynamism of IoT ecosystems. This research introduces a novel blockchain-based security system framework specifically designed for the healthcare sector utilizing IoT. By leveraging the inherent security, transparency, and immutability features of blockchain technology, the proposed framework provides a robust solution to safeguard healthcare data integrity, ensure privacy, and enable secure patient data sharing among authorized entities. Through a comprehensive system architecture, this paper delineates the integration of IoT devices with a blockchain network, highlighting the deployment of smart contracts for automated access control, and data encryption mechanisms to preserve confidentiality. An empirical evaluation demonstrates the framework's effectiveness in enhancing data security while maintaining system efficiency. The discussion extends to the implications of this framework for the future of healthcare IT security, addressing potential challenges and suggesting avenues for further research. This study not only contributes to advancing the state of cybersecurity in healthcare IoT but also lays the groundwork for future innovations in the field.
This research introduces an Adaptive Fog Computing Framework (AFCF) aimed at enhancing the efficiency and scalability of IoT ecosystems through blockchain technology integration, addressing task allocation, resource management, and task offloading challenges within fog and cloud computing paradigms. Employing simulations, the study utilized task distribution strategies, blockchain stability assessment, and cloud server workload management, demonstrating the framework’s capacity to maintain performance across diverse IoT settings. Quantitative results revealed a cent percent success rate in task processing, with a balanced load distribution at 50% and an average task complexity of 6.47893 in arbitrary units. The system demonstrated a latency of 48.479 milliseconds and a throughput of 2.469697 tasks per timestep, showcasing high scalability (97.8%) and energy efficiency (15.774194 in arbitrary efficiency units), emphasizing the AFCF’s robustness in varied tasks and resource dynamics. The study concludes the AFCF’s potential for real-world IoT applications, highlighting its implications for future research and practical deployment, underscoring its contribution to fog and cloud computing literature and paving the way for further exploration into adaptive computing frameworks.
Within the realm of industrial automation, the incorporation of a blockchain system that is based on the IoT is a powerful option that may significantly improve safety and reduce the likelihood of identity theft. The presence of security vulnerabilities is a major cause for worry in the context of Industry 4.0, which is characterized by the central role that networked systems and devices play. Blockchain technology, which is well-known for its decentralized and tamper-resistant nature, provides a strong base for the purpose of protecting identities and data within the ecosystem of industrial automation. This is because blockchain technology is a distributed ledger that cannot be altered. Through the use of Internet of Things devices that are furnished with one-of-a-kind identifying markers and the integration of these devices into a blockchain network, the system generates a record of identities and transactions that is both secure and transparent. mainly for the goal of ensuring that any attempt to steal or fake information is completed as rapidly as possible. Present research work is focused on IoT based block chain system. Dataset is compressed in order to reduce the size of data. Compression mechanism might be content replacement mechanism where data is replaced with short words then data is encrypted and stored in block chain. In this way data is filtered to reduced size. This helps in increasing performance and reliability of block chain system.
Anand Singh Rajawat, S. B. Goyal, Manoj Kumar, Thipendra P. Singh
INTRODUCTION: In this research, we present a novel method for strengthening the security of blockchain networks through the use of AI-driven technology. Blockchain has emerged as a game-changing technology across industries, but its security flaws, particularly in relation to Sybil and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, are a major cause for worry. To defend the blockchain from these sophisticated attacks, our research centres on creating a strong security solution that combines networks of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this project is to create and test an AI-driven blockchain algorithm that enhances blockchain security by utilising LSTM and SOM networks. These are the objectives that the research hopes to achieve: In order to assess the shortcomings and weaknesses of existing blockchain security mechanisms. The goal is to create a new approach that uses LSTM sequence learning and SOM pattern recognition to anticipate and stop security breaches. In order to see how well this integrated strategy works in a simulated blockchain setting against different types of security risks. METHODS: The methods used in our study are based on social network analysis. A combination of support vector machines (SOM) for pattern recognition and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for learning and event sequence prediction using historical data constitutes the methodology. The steps involved in conducting research are: The current state of blockchain security mechanisms is examined in detail. Creating a virtual blockchain and incorporating the SOM+LSTM algorithm. Putting the algorithm through its paces in order to see how well it detects and defends against different security risks. RESULTS: Significant enhancements to blockchain network security are the primary outcomes of this study. Important results consist of: Using the SOM+LSTM technique, we were able to increase the detection rates of possible security risks, such as Sybil and DDoS attacks. Enhanced reaction times when compared to conventional security techniques for attack prediction and prevention. Demonstrated ability of the algorithm to adapt and learn from new patterns of attacks, assuring long-term sustainability. CONCLUSION: This paper's findings highlight the efficacy of enhancing blockchain security through the integration of artificial intelligence technologies such as LSTM and SOM networks. In addition to improving blockchain technology's detection and forecasting capabilities, the SOM+LSTM algorithm helps advance the platform toward greater security and reliability. This study provides a solid answer to the increasing worries about cyber dangers in the modern era and opens the door to more sophisticated AI uses in blockchain security.
Ayesha Hakim, Sundus Shafique, Mubashir Mehdi, Irfan Ahmad Baig
Globally, the mango industry is one of the largest industrial sectors – also considered the backbone industry of the country’s agriculture sector. This sector mobilizes key industrial activities of many economies, such as agriculture, production, handling, storage, logistics, certification, and packing of a variety of mangoes (e.g., with over 1,500 varieties, of which at least 30 are grown commercially in Pakistan). From local, regional, and national, to international levels, many businesses in this sector are involved in extensive mango supply networks fulfilling the demands of many consumers and markets (e.g., B2B, B2C, etc.) locally worldwide. Currently, 43% of total farmers in Pakistan are smallholder farmers, as they possess less than 2.6 hectares of land. Intermediaries dominate the entire supply chain in Pakistan, due to which small to average farmers face several challenges. This can be avoided by developing a user-friendly system to link farmers directly to the market or consumers. The proposed system identifies the gaps in the process model of Pakistan’s mango supply chain system. It creates a platform to link farmers directly to the market or consumers through a seamless online system using blockchain technology for performing reliable transactions using smart contracts. The proposed system is implemented through Ethereum, a permissioned blockchain network using Smart Contracts. It is a distributed ledger accessible to participants of the supply chain with permission to ensure the trust and authenticity of the information. By using this system, the farmers will attain increased profit through direct access to retailers, consumers, and the international market.
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) alongside the increasing significance of cryptocurrencies has unveiled critical security challenges in digital transactions. This study uses a comprehensive method to design, create, and assess secure and efficient cryptocurrency wallets specifically designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. The study presents the Enhanced Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EECDSA), which integrates sophisticated ECDSA, blockchain technology, Golang programming language, and JSON data exchange. The design methodically emphasizes scalability, interoperability, and strict adherence to security protocols for various IoT devices and networks. The study thoroughly analyzes ECDSA and introduces EECDSA, highlighting the double-and-add algorithm to enhance efficiency. Comparative analyses show that EECDSA outperforms RSA, ECDSA, and multi-signature algorithms in terms of execution time and memory usage on different CPUs, particularly on ARM-based architectures. The results highlight EECDSA’s capacity for efficient cryptographic operations, making it suitable for IoT devices with constrained resources.
Blockchain and IoT technology have transformed smart buildings, especially in distributed renewable power systems. Blockchain IoT plays a key role in integrating renewable energy sources into smart building systems. IoT devices and sensors provide real-time data collecting and monitoring of energy use and production allowing renewable power resource management and optimization. Blockchain technology improves data security, transparency, and immutability, guaranteeing energy-related transactions and information exchange are trustworthy. A decentralised ledger system allows stakeholders to trade energy transparently and efficiently, creating a peer-to-peer energy exchange network in smart buildings and boosts energy system dependability, resilience, carbon footprint reduction, and sustainable energy practises. Thus, Blockchain IoT and smart buildings enable the creation of robust, energy-efficient ecosystems that prioritize renewable power sources, reshaping energy management and sustainability.
Talat Kemal Satilmisoglu, Yusuf Sermet, Musa Kurt, İbrahim Demir
Blockchain technology has been used for the digitalization of physical asset management and data management processes in many areas in the industry and academia, including the water domain. Its potential as an immutable data storage system and smart contract integration has provided a plethora of use cases and utility in the domain of hydrology and water resources. This systematic review critically examines the application of blockchain technology in the field of water resources and hydrology. By analyzing 104 academic publications and 37 non-academic studies from 2017 to 15 October 2022, this paper identifies the current state of blockchain applications in water management, delineates their potential use cases, and assesses their practical utility and scalability. Despite the theoretical promise of blockchain for enhancing water governance, data security, and stakeholder trust, the review reveals a noticeable gap between theoretical potential and the existence of workable, real-time applications specifically in water resources management. The findings indicate that while blockchain technology has been effectively implemented in various sectors, its adoption in hydrological domain is still emerging, with limited empirical evidence to support full-scale deployment. The paper concludes with a call for more empirical research to validate theoretical benefits, address scalability and interoperability challenges, and integrate blockchain technology with real-time data networks for sustainable water management practices.
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) with blockchain technology is significantly transforming smart health monitoring systems. IoT enables the seamless collection of health data, while blockchain's decentralized ledger ensures the integrity and security of this data, mitigating potential breaches. This symbiosis addresses current healthcare challenges by enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency, fostering a patient-focused and reliable monitoring system. With the rise of the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT), personalized and cost-effective healthcare solutions are more accessible, thanks to technologies like Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN), which improve data quality, and Machine Learning (ML), which effectively processes large datasets. Fog Computing has been instrumental in ensuring efficient data communication with reduced latency, and advancements in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) offer simpler, adaptable networks for healthcare. However, increased data volume raises privacy and security concerns, propelling a shift towards blockchain for enhanced data protection and transparency. Innovations like blockchain-based federated learning aim to safeguard privacy without compromising model accuracy, and smart contracts on platforms like Hyperledger Fabric provide secure patient history logs and immediate access to medical records. Tools such as the Libelium e-Health toolkit further aim to revolutionize monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment processes.
Abstract This research demonstrates a method to introduce blockchain technology in the classroom based on the Proof of Attendance Protocol (POAP). A blockchain is a digital distributed ledger with the potential to improve transparency and trust between parties. Businesses are testing, piloting, and deploying blockchain technology across their organizations, and students show growing interest in the technology. This teaching brief proposes an exercise that uses POAPs, nonfungible tokens (NFTs) associated with an event, to help students understand blockchain technology within supply chain management contexts. Instructors can use the exercise for various purposes: as incentives for behavior the instructor wishes to encourage (such as attending class) or as prizes for games. The exercise also includes a glossary of blockchain‐related terms to introduce the language of this industry to students. Student surveys showed a significant change in their knowledge of blockchain technology, specifically, a 41% increase in understanding of how blockchain technology may benefit supply chain management and a 35% improvement in the ability to explain blockchain technology to others. This brief concludes with resources to create and distribute POAPs for courses and other settings.
If you are a true techno-enthusiast, you must have heard news like Dubai becoming the World’s first blockchain-powered government, news about Telangana government’s decision to set up India’s first blockchain district in Hyderabad, also, news about Jharkhand becoming the first state in the nation to distribute seeds utilizing the blockchain technology and many more. Recently, we have witnessed how a variety of transactions are enforced autonomously without any intermediary in between. The remarkable use of Blockchain technology in cryptocurrency or digital currency was just the beginning. This technology has transformed the way we ensure corporate governance and security. This disruptive technology has great potential to change business models to enhance security. Such innovation that promotes the existence of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with the required decision-making, regulatory, accountability and incentive framework looks so fascinating. You cannot deny the fact that these decentralized ledger records, smart contracts to automate the processes and continuous auditing procedures can control system manipulations to a great extent. This technology can provide the necessary foundation and infrastructure needed for the Web3 iteration of the World Wide Web (WWW). Let’s understand how Web3 and blockchain together may help minimize the power and control of Big Tech giants by providing more transparent and distributed sharing options. The present research study highlights the tremendous potential that blockchain technology has in solving day to day issues that are encountered in governance. It tries to address the root causes behind it rather than controlling them superficially. This technology, surely, helps organizations and the government in controlling the scope of manipulations in the system.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet of Things and AI
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Vaibhav V. Gijare, Satpalsing D. Rajput, Srinivas Ambala, Mrunal Swapnil Aware · 7 authors
In this chapter, we use blockchain technology to illustrate the design tenets and dimensions of a decentralized Internet of Things (IoT) – Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) architecture. The IoT-WSN&s;s planned design has major limitations that prohibit it from expanding, endangering both its security and privacy. By establishing a decentralized, secure, and private network, blockchain technology can offer answers to the problems we are now facing. This chapter outlines a plan for creating an IoT-WSN architecture based on blockchain technology, which, if adopted, might improve the security and privacy of the IoT-WSN infrastructure that presently exists. The chapter also discusses the drawbacks and limitations of the suggested design and offers some suggestions for the direction the research community should take in the future.
Augustine Chidiebere Onuora, Prince Ana, Anthony Obogo Otiko, Rowland Chidi Aguwamba · 5 authors
This work seeks to illuminate the foundational principles and mechanics underpinning blockchain technology, offering a comprehensive overview of its decentralized architecture and transformative potential. By virtue of its distributed ledger, blockchain engenders a trustless environment wherein transactions are recorded immutably across a network of nodes, obviating the need for centralized authorities. Moreover, the advent of smart contracts extends the utility of blockchain beyond mere financial transactions, enabling programmable agreements and decentralized applications (dApps) to flourish. As we navigate the intricate terrain of blockchain technology, it becomes evident that its disruptive impact extends far beyond the realm of finance, permeating diverse sectors such as supply chain management, healthcare, and governance. Yet, challenges persist, ranging from scalability concerns to regulatory hurdles, necessitating ongoing research and innovation to unlock the full potential of blockchain. This work serves as a beacon, illuminating the path forward in the realm of decentralized networks. Through collaboration, experimentation, and steadfast adherence to the principles of decentralization and transparency, blockchain technology holds the promise of ushering in a new era of trust, empowerment, and societal transformation.
Asif Ali Laghari, Hang Li, Shoulin Yin, Shahid Karim · 6 authors
Nowadays, Blockchain is very popular among industries to solve security issues of information systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) has security issues during multi-organization communication, and any organization approves no such robust framework. The combination of blockchain technology with IoT makes it more secure and solves the problem of multi-organization communication issues. There are many blockchain applications developed for the security of IoT, but these are only suitable for some types of IoT infrastructure. This paper introduces the architecture and case studies of blockchain applications. The application scenarios of the Blockchain combined with the Internet of Things, and finally discussed four common issues of the combination of the Blockchain and the Internet of Things.
Today, Internet of Things (IoT) data sharing is a big challenge for increasing the progress, efficiency, and effectiveness of any organization in the health sector through IoT-based applications. Generally, health records follow centralized abilities in the IoT. Health sector Data Security and failures of centralized servers are issues in the IoT. Peer-to-peer networks utilize distributed applications and duplicate transactions leveraging digital ledgers in the blockchain. Blochchain is recording all health information on a decentralized system that is impossible to change or hack. Blockchain technology supports IoT privacy, cryptocurrencies, healthcare, smart contracts, supply chain management, identity verification, insurance, etc. IoT-based health records contain a lot of problems like privacy, security, performance, ethics, data ownership, patient access and control, etc. In easy ways, blockchain technology exacerbates these kinds of problems. Ethereum and Hyperledger are supported as frameworks using blockchain technology. Compared to the previously specified data values, IoT-based health data has a significantly higher level of security and privacy. This study explores in detail the various approaches, workings, and technical details used in various languages.
In response to the global energy crisis affecting various sectors worldwide, the integration of automation into the electricity sector has become imperative. The urgency to conserve energy, particularly in light of the Russian-Ukrainian war, poses a significant challenge for third-world countries and Europe alike. To address this, a system needs to be established to mitigate energy losses and enable users to trade excess electricity. The Internet of Things (IoT) proves instrumental in energy conservation within the power sector. By combining blockchain technology and smart grid capabilities, there is potential to further minimize energy wastage and enhance consumption efficiency. This study examines a smart energy meter model based on smart grids and blockchain, featuring microgrids, each equipped with its own blockchain. Users engage in energy transactions through digital contracts, emphasizing peer-to-peer interactions within blockchain-controlled microgrids. The approach involves architectural design implementation on smart meters, utilization of smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain, and the development of an Android application to monitor and facilitate energy transactions.
Blockchain is a promising technology that can be used to improve the healthcare system. It can be used to store patient data securely and prevent tampering. It can also be used to improve supply chain management by increasing transparency and interoperability. This work proposes a web-based application that uses blockchain to store patient’s data and retailer’s information. The application will also be able to send encrypted messages securely and anonymously. The application will be deployed on the Ethereum platform. The benefits of using blockchain in healthcare are Security: Blockchain is a secure way to store data because it is decentralized and encrypted. This makes it difficult for unauthorized users to access or tamper with data. Transparency: Blockchain is transparent, which means that all transactions are recorded on the blockchain and can be viewed by anyone. This can help to increase trust and accountability in the healthcare system. Interoperability: Blockchain can be used to connect different healthcare systems together, which can improve the flow of information. This can help to improve patient care. Immutability: Blockchain is immutable, which means that data cannot be changed once it is added to the blockchain. This can help to ensure the accuracy of data. The challenges of using blockchain in healthcare are Complexity, Cost, and Regulation. Despite these challenges, blockchain is a promising technology that has the potential to improve the healthcare system. This work is a step towards realizing the potential of blockchain in healthcare.
Kamal Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Seema, M. K. Sharma · 6 authors
Blockchain is a very secure, authentic, and distributed technology and is very prominent in areas such as edge computation, cloud computation, and Internet-of-things. Artificial intelligence assists in the completion of activities efficiently and effectively by providing intelligence, analytics, and predicting capabilities. There is an obvious convergence between the two technologies. Artificial intelligence systems can utilize blockchain to establish trust in communication channels, ensuring that messages are securely transmitted and received without the need for a centralized intermediary. By leveraging blockchain, artificial intelligence systems can maintain an immutable record of communications, ensuring transparency and preventing unauthorized modifications. The integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies can enhance the security, transparency, and privacy of communication systems. By leveraging blockchain’s decentralized nature and artificial intelligence’s analytical capabilities, secure and trustworthy communication channels can be established, benefiting various domains such as finance, healthcare, and supply chain. Overall, the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence has the potential to offer several benefits, and as these technologies continue to evolve, new and innovative applications will continue to emerge.
Syed Faisal Abbas Shah, Tehseen Mazhar, Tamara Al Shloul, Tariq Shahzad · 7 authors
Real-time data gathering, analysis, and reaction are made possible by this information and communication technology system. Data storage is also made possible by it. This is a good move since it enhances the administration and operation services essential to any city's efficient operation. The idea behind "smart cities" is that information and communication technology (ICTs) need to be included in a city's routine activities in order to gather, analyze, and store enormous amounts of data in real-time. This is helpful since it makes managing and governing urban areas easier. The "drone" or "uncrewed aerial vehicle" (UAV), which can carry out activities that ordinarily call for a human driver, serves as an example of this. UAVs could be used to integrate geospatial data, manage traffic, keep an eye on objects, and help in an emergency as part of a smart urban fabric. This study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of deploying UAVs in the conception, development, and management of smart cities. This article describes the importance and advantages of deploying UAVs in designing, developing, and maintaining in smart cities. This article overviews UAV uses types, applications, and challenges. Furthermore, we presented blockchain approaches for addressing the given problems for UAVs in smart research topics and recommendations for improving the security and privacy of UAVs in smart cities. Furthermore, we presented Blockchain approaches for addressing the given problems for UAVs in smart cities. Researcher and graduate students are audience of our article.