Abstract The establishment of food traceability supply chain is an effective way to solve the problem of food safety. But the cost of operating traditional food traceability supply chain system is high. The enterprise on the chain are not willing to participate, and the data on the chain is easy to falsified, which leads to the existence of food traceability and the lack of consumers’ willingness to buy for it. Based on this, solving the high cost in the technical point has become a feasible meaning. Introducing blockchain technology into food safety traceability can improve brand reputation, maintain market and consumer confidence, improve supply chain management, accelerate product and reduce liability risk. In this paper, from the compatibility of block technology and food traceability supply chain, it is concluded that the introduction of blockchain technology will reduce the transaction cost, quality cost, time cost, activity cost, and supply chain traceability additional cost in the food supply chain cost. By comparing with the application cost of block chain technology, this paper explores the cost control mechanism of food traceability supply chain based on block chain, so as to promote the development of food traceability supply chain. The application of blockchain technology in food traceability supply chain will improve the food traceability supply chain system.
The use of blockchain in food and beverage supply chains may offer benefits by improving food safety, supplier reputation, the visibility of small farmers, efficiency in tracing food contamination sources, transparency, and accountability.
Iwan Vanany, Nur Aini Rakhmawati, Sukoso Sukoso, Jan Mei Soon
Blockchain application provides potential benefits to the food industry and its supply chain. Several studies have been conducted to develop the model of blockchain application for the food industries and supply chain. However, very few studies proposed the model of blockchain application for halal food integrity. The purpose of this paper is to propose the conceptual framework and blockchain architecture, and Hyperledger fabric for Indonesian halal food integrity. Review of previous literature and interview with government authority were conducted to verify the proposed framework and blockchain architecture. Business players, including halal supervisor and Indonesian halal authority, are the two main layers which affect the Indonesian halal food integrity based on the blockchain platform.
Rohan Sanjay Pawar, Sarah Ashok Sonje, Shekhar Shukla
Developing economies provide basic food commodities to the economically backward sections of the society at subsidized prices to reduce food insecurity. The main objective of these programs is to insulate the poor from the impact of rising prices of food commodities and maintain the minimum nutritional status of the population. However, there are financial mismanagement and issues associated with the current working of these schemes that attributed to the illicit diversion of the commodities, urban bias, serious wastage of food and inefficient supervision during the distribution process. Thus, the policy implementation fails to reach its intended beneficiaries. We used principles of Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) to understand this problem at the grass root level by consulting the various stakeholders involved in the food subsidy value-chain. Based on these findings from VFT, we propose a Blockchain-based system demonstrated through a prototype to provide a robust solution for the aforementioned research context.
Kevin Gordillo Orjuela, Paulo Alonso Gaona-García, Carlos Montenegro
In recent years an effort has been made to improve supply chain management (SCM) and traceability control in different industrial sectors, for example, in agriculture one of the main concerns is about to know where is the product in particular moment and where it will be next. Problem here is, as many other systems, the centralisation of information and trust problems derived from human interaction with transactions in the system. Based on this context of lack of trust, we propose the design and development of a platform using a database based on Blockchain technologies, the platform’s main effort is to propose a solution for agriculture SCM and control over internet taking as study case Colombian agriculture negotiation process.
Pooja Sancheti, Meeradevi Meeradevi, Monica R. Mundada
The current agricultural supply chain is a centralized system that has many issues related to integrity, tracking, organizing the transactions. There is lack of trust and transparency in the supply chain. There are many irregularities in the implementation of schemes. The consumers doubt the quality of the food supplied to them. The farmers, wholesalers are affected from the payment frauds by the middlemen. Blockchain helps us solve these issues by keeping track of all the different stages of food. The public blockchain being transparent, open, immutable, trackable helps in reducing the irregularities, frauds. This paper proposes the agricultural supply chain system model that uses the Ethereum platform. The smart contracts are developed for different stages of the supply chain. These contracts ensure that all the pre-decided conditions are satisfied before proceeding with the transactions. This system ensures security, reliability, trust, openness. It eases the transactions, administrative processes. It gives a fair chance to farmers to quote a price using smart contracts.
Abderahman Rejeb, John G. Keogh, Suhaiza Zailani, Horst Treiblmaier · 5 authors
Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising technology with far-reaching implications for the food industry. The combination of immutability, enhanced visibility, transparency and data integrity provides numerous benefits that improve trust in extended food supply chains (FSCs). Blockchain can enhance traceability, enable more efficient recall and aids in risk reduction of counterfeits and other forms of illicit trade. Moreover, blockchain can enhance the integrity of credence claims such as sustainably sourced, organic or faith-based claims such as kosher or halal by integrating the authoritative source of the claim (e.g., the certification body or certification owner) into the blockchain to verify the claim integrity and reassure business customers and end consumers. Despite the promises and market hype, a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits and challenges of blockchain in FSCs is still missing. To bridge this knowledge gap, we present the findings from a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of sixty-one (61) journal articles and synthesize existing research. The main benefits of blockchain technology in FCSs are improved food traceability, enhanced collaboration, operational efficiencies and streamlined food trading processes. Potential challenges include technical, organizational and regulatory issues. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our research and present several ideas for future research.
This paper provides an overview of the problems of agro-industrial supply chains in Indonesia. This becomes important because Indonesia has a very diverse agro-industrial. Starting from the agro-agricultural industry, agro-plantation industry, agro-livestock industry to the agro-fishing industry. The problem that is often encountered in agro-industrial supply chains in Indonesia is the length of the supply chain which involves many intermediaries, communication of data and information that is still lacking, to the lack of quality assurance and product safety. Blockchain technology has characteristics that can disrupt the agro-industry supply chain. Its ability to store data and information makes transactions made through blockchain technology more transparent, reliable, and more secure. The research methods used include identifying agro-industry supply chain problems, identifying potential blockchain, mapping problems into their potential solutions, and providing a recommendation model. At the end of the conclusion of this study, a recommendation was made to apply blockchain technology to overcome the agro-industry supply chain problems in Indonesia today and in the future.
Mireille van Hilten, Guido Ongena, Pascal Ravesteijn
Purpose – This article evaluates the application of Blockchain technology to improve organic or fair-trade food traceability from ‘Farm to Fork’ in light of European regulations. This study aims to shed light on the challenges in the organic food chain to overcome, the drivers for Blockchain technology and the challenges in current projects. Design/methodology/approach – For this research a case study approach was taken in which four Blockchain projects were evaluated on their success. Findings - Organic food supply chain companies aiming to improve food traceability, with Blockchain face two key decisions, depending on the characteristics of the organic value chain in regard to (1) optimizing chain partner collaboration and (2) the selection of which data to capture in the Blockchain. Other challenges were data confidentiality, validation of data inputs and interoperability. Easy verification of certification data, accountability, improved risk management, insight into trade transactions, simplified data collection and exchange and improved communication account for the benefits. Regardless of what drives companies towards whole chain traceability, for example customer satisfaction, it does not necessarily require Blockchain technology. Blockchain does enable faster food traceability. which is expected to be more applicable to a complex food supply chain. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this study are represented mainly by the scarcity of organic blockchain projects aiming to minimize pesticide inputs and limited availability of information of commercial projects. Practical implications – This study shows that Blockchain is currently successfully being implemented on a small scale to create whole chain traceability of organic and fair-trade food. Originality/value - This research addresses the intersection of food supply chain and organic food quality and certification. The focus on origin information and importance of organic data elements may underpin other research on EU regulations in relation to food traceability, adding value to the body of knowledge on the current status of Blockchain technology.
Distributed ledgers are becoming commonly used technologies to trace agrifood supply chains in view of their safety, immutability, transparency, and scalability. In the present review, we discuss the most relevant case studies of agrifood supply chain traceability using blockchain (BC) and other distributed ledgers technologies. Considering that each supply chain actually has specific requests of traceability, we here suggest a logical scheme in order to favor the identification of the BC structure that is more appropriate for each agrifood supply chain, including the identification of supply chains where complex BC technologies are actually not necessary.
There is a growing concern towards full integrity of Halal food and its traceability as supply chains become global. This research identifies the current traceability challenges for the food supply chain in Malaysia to comply with Halal requirements. We position these challenges in the context of institutional theory and agency theory. Our manuscript directly addresses Duan et al.’s (2020) call for studies grounded in actual real-life data to address Blockchain implementation in Halal food chains. As such, we propose a novel traceability framework built on Blockchain derived from real-life Blockchain implementation in three distinct Halal supply chains. The technology with smart contract is proposed with inputs from three Blockchain software providers with the aim to create a conceptual framework that integrates both Halal processes and technologies to improve traceability of Halal food supply chain from farm to fork.
Recent pandemic presses importance on the trade of quality produce from local farmers to consumers. Traditionally, farmers rely on middlemen to sell their produce, resulting in occasional price injustice, and the lack of direct communication with their customers who could be interested in learning more about the produce they consume. To provide trusts using technology instead of an intermediary, this paper proposes a design of a blockchain-based food traceability system for local farmers to sell produce to health-aware consumers who could trace the farming activities of the produce they purchase. The system is based on a private blockchain platform, Hyperledger Fabric, that supports farmers, carriers, and consumers. Farm activities can be recorded by farmers. Consumers can view produce history before making a purchase, and track transportation by carriers up until delivery. IoT is integrated to record farming environments and quality of farm during plantation is evaluated. This provides a proof-of-concept of how a blockchain-based system can be implemented for local produce marketplace without the need of intermediary.
Juan José Bullón Pérez, Araceli Queiruga‐Dios, Víctor Gayoso Martínez, A. Martı́n del Rey
Traceability and monitoring of industrial processes are becoming more important to assure the value of final products. Blockchain technology emerged as part of a movement linked to criptocurrencies and the Internet of Things, providing nice-to-have features such as traceability, authenticity and security to sectors willing to use this technology. In the retail industry, blockchain offers users the possibility to monitor details about time and place of elaboration, the origin of raw materials, the quality of materials involved in the manufacturing processes, information on the people or companies that work on it, etc. It allows to control and monitor textile articles, from their production or importing initial steps, up to their acquisition by the end consumer, using the blockchain as a means of tracking and identification during the whole process. This technology can also be used by the apparel industry in general and, more specifically, for ready-to-wear clothing, for tracing suppliers and customers along the entire logistics chain. The goal of this paper is to introduce the more recent traceability schemes for the apparel industry together with the proposal of a framework for ready-to-wear clothing which allows to ensure the transparency in the supply chain, clothing authenticity, reliability and integrity, and validity of the retail final products, and of the elements that compose the whole supply chain. In order to illustrate the proposal, a case study on a women’s shirt from an apparel and fashion company, where a private and open blockchain is used for tracing the product, is included. Blockchain actors are proposed for each product stage.
Ayat B. Abdulhussein, Ameer Kadhim Hadi, Muhammad Ilyas
Blockchain technology performs a process of storing inside a record, and this ledger is raised on a large number of parties (computers, servers). Records are encrypted and cannot be tampered with, as happens in centralized systems. In order to solve the problem of manipulating or modifying information and knowledge of the origin of the product and increasing the consumer's transparency of the product coming from a series of the supply chain, this research suggests building a system to tracing the product. All product information is stored in serial blockchain through an algorithm that organizes the work of each part of the supply chain and the information it stores. Also, an algorithm to retrieve product information by searching for Blockchain. The results are expected to be important in terms of increased food security and increased competition between distributors. The entire purpose behind supply chain the management and coordination are to give customers the level and nature of administration that they require and to do as such at less expense to the complete supply chain. Traceability is a big necessity in supply chain ventures, particularly for the agri-food industry. Building a product tracking system in a supply chain to enable the consumer and government agencies to track and know the source and origin of the product in an easy, safe and reliable way from tampering and provide the fixed system the just manager can approve accepted users that be trusted people because will add data that all world will see it for that in the system, we build an algorithm to generate the activation key for adding a client.
Zhiguo Du, Zhihui Wu, Bin Wen, Kehui Xiao · 5 authors
Block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, distributed storage, open and transparent, consensus mechanism, security, information encryption, anonymity and so on. It provides an important way to realize the value added of modern animal supply chain. This paper studies the blockchain related technology, an optimization scheme of sBFT consensus algorithm is proposed, and then the optimization scheme is applied to traceability of animal product quality and safety, which solves the problem of decentralization of traceability system and improves the efficiency of consensus in the case of large data input of traceability system. Then, based on Fabric framework, this paper proposes the design and implementation scheme of traceability system for aquaculture industry chain, which can ensure that the participants of traceability system can not tamper with and modify the aquaculture records, and realize the security, reliability and unforgeability of traceability information. Finally, this paper builds a 12-Node block-chain network test environment based on four cloud servers. Under the same test conditions, the sBFT algorithm, PBFT algorithm and dBFT algorithm are tested and compared, and the function and performance of the traceability platform are tested, which shows that the system is feasibility and efficiency of the schemes designed in this paper.
The prevention of food loss throughout the supply chain, including manufacturers, has become a major challenge for a number of organisations. In addition, consumers are also increasingly interested in the authenticity of food and want to ensure that they receive the right quality of food. To address this issue, there is a need for reliable and robust tools to be available in the Industry 4.0 era that can trace the food throughout the supply chain from the farm through processing until it reaches the customer and, thus, ensure transparency. Using the people, process, and technology (PPT) model, this paper develops a blockchain-enabled food supply chain framework including the future opportunities and the present impediments based on the systematic literature review and semi-structured case interviews from the context of emerging economies. The study investigates the suitability of blockchain technology in resolving major challenges, such as traceability, trust, and accountability in the food industry. The study further paves the way for future researchers to address the technological and people-related challenges in the Industry 4.0 era to mitigate the emerging problems in the food sector. Interestingly, we did not find many issues in process- and performance-related aspects. The study offers empirical evidence of blockchain technology implementation in the Industry 4.0 era that opens up the discussion for future researchers and lists the potential threats.
Abstract Food safety is a major issue related to the vital interests of the people. In recent years, food safety incidents have emerged in an endless stream in China. However, the existing food safety traceability methods lack of data sharing, which makes it difficult to conduct unified supervision on food safety. In view of the problems existing in the current food safety traceability method, this paper introduces blockchain technology in food safety traceability field, selects milk as the object of food safety traceability in this paper, analyzes the whole process of milk supply chain, designs the overall framework of milk traceability scheme according to the demand analysis and design principles of milk safety traceability scheme, and designs the scheme’s business function module, and chooses ECP-96 traceability coding scheme to ensure the uniqueness as well as security of milk traceability source. In view of the current application of blockchain technology, Hyperledger Fabric is creatively selected as the blockchain technology platform, and Go language is used to develop and implement the traceability method. Through the deployment of multiple nodes and functional testing, the expected food safety traceability goal is achieved.
As China’s agricultural output has improved, the national and local monitoring system of agricultural product safety has become much better, and monitoring standards have become increasingly strict. Despite this, there are agricultural product safety incidents which have caused consumer panic. One way to address this is by properly establishing tracking systems so that agricultural product logistics in China can be tracked and monitored. We explored this research objective with agricultural traceability and security in mind. One option that could be considered is the blockchain technology. Blockchain could also be used to ascertain the provenance of agricultural products to increase the quality and safety of the Chinese agricultural supply chain. In this context, this research converged on big data and technology, platforms and other means for product quality and safety of agricultural products traceability. In order to verify the accuracy of these three convergence, regression analysis were used to construct five models for verification of three hypothesis. The results show that based on “Internet+”, using big data, big technology and big platform can significantly increase the accuracy of agricultural products traceability system hence improve consumer acceptance of the safety of agricultural products.
The safety, availability, and cost of a nation’s food supply is of vital importance to its citizens and government. One type of technology with the potential to cause widespread change in the food production process is blockchain. This paper provides a systematic review of the academic literature surrounding the application of blockchain to the production, transport, and protection of food. This review also includes some recommendations for future research directions and provides a strong foundation for further research in the application of blockchain to the agriculture industry.