Bitcoin is an emerging digital virtual currency with both decentralization, high degree of freedom and high bookkeeping efficiency, and the transaction scale of its market has developed rapidly in recent years.This paper selects the closing price of Bitcoin from May 2015 to August 2022, divides the data into two groups to establish a GARCH model based on the date of promulgation of the Bitcoin ban, and determines the impact of the regulation on the fluctuation of Bitcoin transactions by comparing the volatility characteristics of the two sets of models.This study is conducive to determining the direction and size of the impact of some policy changes on bitcoin fluctuations, and has a reference effect on the determination and adjustment of bitcoin-related policies and regulations.
Статья посвящена теме криптовалют. Описываются возможности использования, хранения, передачи цифровой валюты. Рассмотрены риски российских пользователей и пути их избежания. The article is devoted to the topic of cryptocurrencies. The possibilities of using, storing, and transferring digital currency are described. The risks of Russian users and ways to avoid them are considered.
The paper is devoted to the study of the formation and development trends of cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies in the digital economic environment, as well as the risks and dangers of their application. According to the features of classification, the main features of virtual currencies have been explained. The risks and dangers that may arise with the regular use of cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies emerging in the digital environment were considered. As a result of the transformation of digital technologies, the study of the problems of formation and development of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies is one the urgent issue. As a result of improving the management of economic and business processes on the basis of modern ICT, a digital economic environment with new non-traditional technological features is being formed. The possibilities of applying cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies in economic structures and processes in the new economic environment have been explored. The security features of blockchain technology and the mechanism of operation of the cryptocurrency have been explained. The differences between cryptocurrency and traditional money have been explained, and the essence of different approaches to cryptocurrencies in the international arena has been analyzed. Statistical analysis of scientific publications on cryptocurrencies has been conducted. The capitalization dynamics of cryptocurrency are presented. The rating of cryptocurrencies is shown according to the level of capitalization. The dynamics of price changes in Bitcoin are given. The structural content of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies was explained, and their application in economic operations was studied. The risks and dangers of cryptocurrency in the digital environment were analyzed. The mechanism of their operation in business and financial operations was explained. The dangers of the use of cryptocurrencies in the existing traditional financial system have been identified. The problems of legal regulation of cryptocurrencies in the world have been analyzed. It was noted that although the use of such technologies poses risks and threats in modern financial markets and cryptocurrency exchanges, they can create new opportunities and prospects for the future development of the country's economy in the digital environment. In the 4.0 Industrial Platform in the Digital Environment, some recommendations have been given for preventing the risks and dangers of using cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies.
<strong>Abstract</strong> The article is devoted to one of the ways of digitalization of education, which has not yet taken its rightful place - blockchain technology. It is concluded that in the context of globalization there is a significant transformation of the global educational process, which is associated with the introduction of information and communication technologies. Blockchain technology opens up fundamentally new opportunities for the education system, forms the conditions for the educational system to reach a qualitatively new level of development. The use of blockchain technology in the education system is associated with its ability to collect information, store it in an unchanged form, control the reliability of data, create rules and methods of management activities. The main directions of blockchain use in the digital transformation of education are described. However, new challenges to education from the "fourth industrial revolution" pose new, global challenges to the use of blockchain. This raises the problem of identifying and exploring new possibilities for the use of blockchain technology in education. The advantages of blockchain technology (distributed ledger) are described, which enable its use in the Global Education Space to solve new problems: the creation of common global educational services and resources, the collection of big data of the world countries on the implementation of SDGs, the unification of cross-country approaches to the implementation of the Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development and the Roadmap.
Public transportation is the primary source of COVID-19 spread in metropolitan areas. This paper discusses the conceptual model of a COVID-19 social contact tracing system in the subway, based on an exclusive blockchain (DLT). The architecture of the main components of the system is considered in detail: an algorithm of contact recording, infection notifications and risk analysis, the process of publishing information about an infected person in the network. To check the adequacy of the model, we propose to use the previously proposed method to simulate the peak load. Proof-of-stake is based on real-life peak load data in the Moscow and New York subways. This calculation shows the applicability of this method for the largest metropolitan areas of the world, substantiates the technical characteristics of blockchain network nodes.
Blockchain popularity is growing every day and its potential is seen in various domains. One field of application is the educational system, where the blockchain technology could be used in several areas like admission, student records, exams and assessments, certifications etc. A distributed ledger is used to store securely all the transactions related to the educational activities. The aim of this paper is to review the applications of blockchain technology in education, with the focus on higher education. Furthermore, the architecture of a system to be used in Bucharest University of Economic Studies is proposed.
Purpose-Cryptocurrency, which is one of the first products of blockchain technology, is preferred by more and more actors in addition to traditional investment tools. One of the factors over demographic and psychological factors that affect the financial investment decisions of individuals is gender. Although there are many studies in the academic literature on gender-related financial investment decisions, there is no research and data on cryptocurrencies. In this study, the factors affecting cryptocurrency investments are examined within the context of gender. Methodology-Survey model was used as a quantitative research method. With the computer aided survey research conductd in Turkey, gender-related behavioral and psychological differences in cryptocurrency investments were revealed and the survey findings were discussed over the information obtained from the literature review. Findings-With this research, it was seen that the gender factor was associated with both psychological and demographic factors. Cryptocurrencies are in the top 5 in men's financial investment instruments portfolio while 32.6 percent of women invest in cryptocurrencies. The level of knowledge about cryptocurrencies, which is effective in investment preferences, is at medium and high level at the rate of 64 percent for men however 60 percent of women have very limited or no knowledge about this investment tool. The first two of the factors that affect cryptocurrency investment decisions which are confidence and volatility also differ in terms of rank and proportion. Age-related cryptocurrency investment preferences do not differ by gender. This study shows that men follow their investments more frequently than women and do not avoid taking risks. Conclusion-With this research, gender-based main preference differences in cryptocurrency investments are revealed and an important resource is provided in this field, which has limited research, and contributes to the literature. It has been observed that women prefer different investment tools primarily due to lower income and lower level of knowledge about cryptocurrencies. Factors showing similarity based on gender were also found by this research.
Money is at the heart of any financial system. It is the “joints” that link markets across space and time. As long as money performs its functions, markets tend to allocate resources efficiently and allow participants to be more productive and therefore more prosperous. As money is a prerequisite for the normal functioning of markets, it cannot itself be part of the market. Money, thus, cannot as such be a source of income or profit. This is one reason why all divine faiths prohibit usury. Cryptocurrencies were invented supposedly to avoid the ills associated with the fractional reserve system. Unfortunately, they end up with the same problem: both systems are transforming the process of money creation into a commercial process motivated by destructive competition.
작년 4월 Huobi(火币)를 필두로 중국 암호화폐 거래소들이 한국시장에 진출하기 시작했다. 특이한 점은 그들의 한국시장 진출이 단순히 시장 확대를 위해서가 아니라, 중국 정부의 엄격한 규제를 피한 도피 성격이었다는 것이다. 그 동안 중국 정부는 암호화폐에 대하여 줄곧 부정적인 입장을 취했고, 규제의 수위를 높여왔다. 그리고 2017년 9월 중국 정부는 자국 내 모든 암호화폐 거래소에 대해 폐쇄조치를 취했다. 암호화폐에 대하여 강경한 입장을 취하고 있는 중국 정부의 속내는 무엇이며, 또한 앞으로 중국에서 암호화폐의 미래는 어떤 모습으로 전개될까? 본 논문에서는 중국 암호화폐 시장에 대한 고찰을 통하여 중국 정부의 규제 의도를 파악하고, 중국 암호화폐 시장의 발전을 위한 제도적, 기술적 제언을 하였다.
Cryptocurrencies are around for less than a decade but their usage steadily increases. There is no doubt that functional, social (cool-factor) and financial (high risk -high reward investment) motives drive its adoption and usage. But it is also worth to investigate whether personality and demographics can play some role in the adoption. The research have focused on impact of personality traits (according to the Big Five Inventory framework) on the usage of cryptocurrencies. The research was conducted in the Czech Republic. Respondents were university students, 478 in total (272 male, 206 female; 20.5 years old on average), of whom 62 respondents indicated that they use cryptocurrencies. Gender, age, and type of student job were used as control variables. With regards to the results, openness to experience, gender, and type of student job influence the adoption. Subjects more open to experience, male, and working full time in the field they study use cryptocurrencies more.
The article discusses the features of distributed ledger technology based on the use of decentralized peer-topeer networks. The history of the emergence and development of distributed ledger technology considered in detail, the prerequisites for the growth of its popularity in various fields are analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of distributed ledger technology in general, as well as decentralized (permissionless) and exclusive (permitted) blockchain platforms in particular, are revealed. The principles of functioning of cryptocurrencies on the basis of blockchain technology, including their issue (coinage) are described. The state of blockchain technologies from the point of view of technology maturity is considered. The main trends in the development of blockchain technology at the present stage are revealed. An analysis of the possibilities of using distributed ledger technology of public administration, including in the education system, in order to improve the safety and automation of functions is presented.
Зоряна Двуліт, Khrystyna Peredalo, R. Tylipska, R. Terno · 5 authors
У статті розглянуто поняття "криптовалюта", обгрунтовано популярність цього нового виду фінансового інструменту на економічному просторі, виокремлено основні особливості криптовалюти як одного з виду віртуальних грошей та її вплив на економічну систему. Виокремлено такі ключові особливості криптовалюти: обмін на товари або послуги; обмін на класичну валюту; оплата товарів та послуг; мінімальний рівень неможливості викрадення; платежі, швидкі і прямі транзакції; інвестиційний актив; розвиток бізнесу на криптовалюті. Наведено переваги та недоліки криптовалюти та особливості її використання. Звернено увагу на Bitcoin, основний вид криптовалюти, який використовується в світі, та проаналізовано динаміку його курсу по відношенню до долара США. Розглянуто питання легалізації криптовалюти в окремих країнах, зокрема, в Україні. Визначено основні вимоги використання криптовалюти при її легалізації. Зосереджено увагу на українському законопроекті щодо порядку узаконення криптовалюти, що планується реалізувати в два етапи. Зроблено висновок про відсутність єдиної думки щодо подальшої стратегії розвитку криптовалюти в світі, її легалізації та законності використання. Наведено бачення щодо подальших тенденцій застосування криптовалюти у повсякденному житті та бізнес-середовищі. Проведено дослідження за проблемою розвитку ринку криптовалюти дозволило виокремити такі тенденції розвитку: нешвидке впровадження електронних грошей в усі сфери життя суспільства; можливість придбання усе більше товарів і послуг за крипто валюту; доповнення ринку фінансових послуг як новий платіжний інструмент та вид інвестиційних активів, не замінюючи при цього в найближчі роки, класичні банківські операції; зниження рівня анонімності при використанні криптовалюти, що буде зумовлено більшою її популяризацією; поширення легітимності криптовалюти у більшості державах світу; стабілізація курсу криптовалюти через 5—10 років; закріплення позицій Bitcoin як основної криптовалюти та поява нових, які досягатимуть масштабів Bitcoin.
The purpose of this study is to analyze possible problems in issuing digital diplomas, using the blockchain technology, and to promote solving these problems as well as to show the possibility of practical implementation of the blockchain technology, using a test example. Materials and methods. The study included a review of bibliographic sources on the use of blockchain technologies in the education system, as well as computer modeling of the task of registering and verifying a digital diploma in the blockchain. Results. In the course of the work, a model of the process of issuing and verifying digital diplomas was built, and a number of problems related to the practical implementation of this model were also considered. At the same time, the following groups of problems that restrain the spread of blockchain in the education sector of the Russian Federation were identified: technical and technological problems (lack of a national blockchain platform); legal issues (lack of legal force of digital diplomas); organizational problems (lack of a centralized management structure that coordinates the “educational” blockchain as a single digital information space). An example was also realized, showing the hardware and technological capabilities of the implementation of the task under consideration using the currently open (freely available) platforms. To implement the proposed test case, the Ethereum blockchain network was used, in particular, its RinkeBy test network. The project implementation consisted of the following stages: creating a digital diploma file and placing it in the open file-sharing network in order to obtain the corresponding document hash; obtaining blockchain address (an electronic wallet was created using the MetaMask browser plugin, which allows for the transfer of data on a digital diploma to the blockchain); preparing data to be sent to the blockchain, where the data was a hexadecimal code, containing brief information about a digital diploma, including its hash; transferring data to the Ethereum blockchain (making a transaction); verification of transaction results in Etherscan. Conclusion. The blockchain technology provides great opportunities in improving the concept of e-learning, taking into account the current requirements of the digital economy. This technology can conceptually change the data archiving system, increase the reliability of information protection against falsification, and significantly speed up the execution of requests for information and data processing. The problems that arise can be successfully resolved, as long as that the blockchain becomes one of the principles of the unified information educational space. At the same time, the blockchain gives the following new opportunities: transparency and verifiability of the system of certification of graduates of educational institutions; the possibility of liquidation of intermediary organizations that implement a variety of support monitoring and certifying functions, associated with the “paper” requests for confirmation of diplomas; the overall reduction in paper workflow, the transfer of the classic “paper” business-processes into the information space, and as a result of all this – the practical implementation and example of the realization of the concept of digitalization of the knowledge economy.
The purpose of this study was to analyze and understand the attitude of the millennial generation towards cryptocurrency. This topic of Cryptocurrency is in the growth stage and hence the understanding of the attitude of this generation shall be an addition to the current study available on cryptocurrencies. This dissertation will be beneficial to the upcoming or existing companies or offerers of cryptocurrency to estimate their future viability based on the millennial generation’s attitude. \nThe results were formed based on the data collected through interviews of eight millennials from different professional background but having awareness about cryptocurrency. The questionnaire was formed to collect data about knowledge, experience, trust, and other investment factors of the millennials towards cryptocurrency. The research aimed to analyze the data collected and conclude the overall attitude of millennial generation towards cryptocurrency. \nThis report focuses on the numerous factors and challenges that go into the decision-making process of the typical millennial investors. We can conclude that the millennials have positively accepted the concept of cryptocurrency but are doubtful when it comes to actual trading since they lack proper awareness and skills to do. But the experienced millennials have accepted it as a useful financial asset after. Thereby, the overall study on Cryptocurrency would help one to understand the merits and demerits of it in the present world along with the logical reasoning that has given a direction to the findings.