In Section 1.1, we have briefly touched upon the relationship between blockchain and AI. Here, a profound analysis reveals a seemingly paradoxical yet inherently complementary relationship between blockchain technology and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), also referred to as strong AI. Despite their contrasting value orientations, the juxtaposition of these two groundbreaking technologies heralds a symbiotic partnership pivotal for shaping the future of digital society and technological evolution.
The metaverse, a term first coined in Neal Stephenson’s 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash , represents a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality, augmented reality (AR) and the Internet. This digital universe allows users to interact with a computer-generated environment and other users. The concept has evolved from fictional imaginations to a significant focus of technological development, aiming to create immersive, digital worlds where people can work, play, socialise and participate in a variety of experiences that span across both the digital and physical worlds.
WebAssembly, or WASM for short, is a binary code format for a stack-based virtual machine, first published in 2018 and now becomes a main-steam technology for providing distributed serverless functions. Recently, the demand for privacy and trustless serverless functions has started to grow in cloud, edge, and grid computation, which poses a question for those serverless function providers: what feature they need to add to make WASM runtime more secure so that the application run on top it become trustless to their users. To address this, we leverage the technology ZKSNARK (zero-knowledge Succinct Non-interactive Argument of Knowledge), a powerful proof system that allows efficient verification of the evaluation problem of statements, to give WASM runtime the ability to provide trustless computation service. More precisely, we present ZAWA, a ZKSNARK backed virtual machine that emulates the execution of WASM bytecode and generates zero-knowledge-proofs for the emulation result. The proof generated by the ZAWA virtual machine can then be used to convince an entity, with no leakage of confidential information, that the result of the emulation enforces the semantic specification of WASM.
Md Ariful Islam Mozumder, Ali Athar, Tagne Poupi Theodore Armand, Muhammad Mohsan Sheeraz · 6 authors
Metaverse is defined as a collection of technology gadgets and metaverse connected to IoT, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, and all the other tech industries including educational. In particular, the big success of the metaverse in the recent era is in the educational sector, metaverse resolved many difficulties in the education domain. Especially, in the situation of covid 19 people continued there all the educational things virtually using metaverse technologies. At this moment it was only a sector that was not hampered by the reason of covid 19, everyone did their educational work online instead of offline. Metaverse uses artificial intelligence and IoT technology to build a digital virtual world where you can safely and freely engage in social and educational activities that transcend the limits of the real world, and the application of these latest technologies will be expedited. In this paper, we are going to introduce the future of the metaverse, including its history, explanation, and shared features. Then, we will describe what technologies the metaverse is using and metaverse potentiality in education, the metaverse in education is clearly defined, and a detailed framework of the metaverse in education is proposed, along with in-depth discussions of its features.
This paper proposes a data sharing system among multiple networked robots. The system considers the value and the ownership of shared data in the robot networks based on Ethereum blockchain platform. In this system, the owner robot of important data such as grid maps can receive any rewards from the robots which use the shared data. This study aims to achieve robotic ecosystem including data generation, data sharing and reward compensation to the owners. Since this system is intended to be applied to a large number of robots, the simulation is conducted with multiple robots on Unity and Ethereum private chain. In order to approximate the system configuration in the real world, each robot in the simulator is assumed to be controlled by an independent computer system. Then, a Docker container was built for each robot to control the robots based on ROS platform and connect to the blockchain network and Unity. This paper introduces the whole system configuration integrating the robot network Docker containers, ROS system for navigation tasks, data sharing based on Ethereum and the Unity simulator. In the first simulation, the navigation system of multiple robots was executed. Grid map data of unknown areas is shared in this simulation. The results showed that data sharing and transactions among private Ethereum network participants were achieved as designed.
Cristina Regueiro, Ivan Gutierrez-Ag ́ Ag ́uero, Sergio Sergio, Santiago de Diego · 5 authors
This paper presents a protocol for Identity Management in Industrial IoT enabled devices, that is based on the principles of Self-Sovereign Identity. The Industry 4.0 transformation has led to the Industry sector digitalization and one of its major challenges is to uniquely identify the Industrial Internet of Things unattended devices. The digital identity management must allow increasing the security and control, and it has been evolving towards a model where the device acquires the responsibility for managing its own data through Self-Sovereign Identity. This paper studies why the Self-Sovereign Identity approach is suitable for the industrial IoT particularities, properly justifying its use. Furthermore, it analyzes the actors and roles involved in an industrial identity environment, and it addresses a protocol that defines how data should be exchanged over an Hyperledger Indy public permissioned Distributed Ledger Technology network as Sovrin. The paper applies the proposal to a reference use case, filling the gaps that are not currently specified in the literature for a successful Industrial Internet of Things identity management operation.
Panayiotis Christodoulou, Andreas S. Andreou, Z. Zinonos
Our epoch is continuously disrupted by the rapid technological advances in various scientific domains that aim to drive forward the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This disruption resulted in the introduction of fields that present advanced ways to train students as well as ways to secure the exchange of data and guarantee the integrity of those data. In this paper, a decentralized application (dApp), namely skillsChain, is introduced that utilizes Blockchain in educational robotics to securely track the development of students' skills so as to be transferable beyond the confines of the academic world. This work outlines a state-of-the-art architecture in which educational robotics can directly execute transactions on a public ledger when certain requirements are met without the need of educators. In addition, it allows students to safely exchange their skills' records with third parties. The proposed application was designed and deployed on a public distributed ledger and the final results present its efficacy.
Open access
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Milan Groshev, Jorge Martín‐Pérez, Kiril Antevski, Antonio de la Oliva · 5 authors
Edge computing have received considerable attention as a promising candidate for the evolution of robotic systems. In this work, we propose COTORRA, an Edge driven robotic testbed that combines context information with robot sensor data to validate innovative concepts for robotic systems prior to being applied in a production environment. We have tested COTORRA in a controlled university environment as an easy applicable, serverless, and modular testbed on top of commodity network infrastructure. COTORRA supports pluggable robotic applications. To verify its feasibility and assess its performance, we ran a set of experiments that show how autonomous navigation applications can achieve target latencies bellow 15 ms, and perform an inter-domain Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) federation within 19 seconds.
Kiril Antevski, Milan Groshev, Gabriele Baldoni, Carlos J. Bernardos
The concept of federation in 5G and NFV networks aims to provide orchestration of services across multiple administrative domains. Edge robotics, as a field of robotics, implements the robot control on the network edge by relying on low-latency and reliable access connectivity. In this paper, we propose a solution that enables Edge robotics service to expand its service footprint or access coverage over multiple administrative domains. We propose application of Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) for the federation procedures to enable private, secure and trusty interactions between undisclosed administrative domains. The solution is applied on a real-case Edge robotics experimental scenario. The results show that it takes around 19 seconds to deploy & federate a Edge robotics service in an external/anonymous domain without any service down-time.
Abdeljalil Beniiche, Amin Ebrahimzadeh, Martin Maier
Today’s Internet powered by decentralised blockchain technology is bringing us a true peer-to-peer platform that has the potential to go far beyond digital currencies. A blockchain technology of particular interest is Ethereum, which provides capabilities that Bitcoin lacked, to enable new models of distributed ownership and help realise future techno-social systems such as the Tactile Internet, the next evolutionary leap of the Internet of Things (IoT), by adding a new dimension to human-to-machine interaction. After explaining the commonalities and specific differences between Ethereum and Bitcoin blockchains, we first provide an up-to-date survey on how Ethereum can be used for realising the emerging blockchain IoT (B-IoT), briefly reviewing recent progress and open challenges. We then elaborate on how specific Ethereum blockchain technologies may be leveraged to realise future techno-social systems, notably the Tactile Internet, which at present is yet unclear in many ways how it would work. Towards this end, we explore the salient features that set Ethereum apart from other blockchains, including its symbiosis with other emerging key technologies such as artificial intelligence and robots as well as decentralised edge computing solutions, to let new hybrid forms of collaboration emerge among individuals benefitting from automation at the centre and humans at the edges.
This paper researches the consensus mechanism of Ethereum, focusing on the analysis and research of the consensus algorithm. The consensus algorithm is the kernel of Ethereum implementation, which is the most computationally intensive, time-consuming and occupies much memory. The concrete implementation architecture and method of heterogeneous operation are analyzed and implemented on the Xilinx ZCU106 platform. Finally, the verification content has been obtained.
The blockchain is a secure and trustworthy distributed transaction management system that is being extensively researched and developed for various applications and use cases. This study introduces a novel distributed control system using the Blockchain. A multi-robot path planning application is developed and deployed to benchmark a blockchain platform, the Hyperledger Fabric. Blockchain technology has the reputation of being sufficiently dilatory that it is inappropriate for time-sensitive applications. This research demonstrates how the enterprise-grade blockchain solutions overcome this shortcoming and investigates their potential for enabling secure and trusted distributed control systems for IoT.
Intelligent space is an environmental robot system where many intelligent sensor nodes are distributed for supporting humans and mobile robots. This paper introduces a blockchain-based sensor network system for the intelligent space. Blockchain is a system for distributed ledgers of crypto currencies such as bitcoin. Recently, blockchain is considered to be effective for construction of distributed sensor network systems without central servers. In this paper, a prototype sensor system with blockchain based on Ethereum is introduced for intelligent space.
Open access
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Robotics and Automated Systems
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
Swarms of robots will revolutionize many industrial applications, from targeted material delivery to precision farming. However, several of the heterogeneous characteristics that make them ideal for certain future applications --- robot autonomy, decentralized control, collective emergent behavior, etc. --- hinder the evolution of the technology from academic institutions to real-world problems. Blockchain, an emerging technology originated in the Bitcoin field, demonstrates that by combining peer-to-peer networks with cryptographic algorithms a group of agents can reach an agreement on a particular state of affairs and record that agreement without the need for a controlling authority. The combination of blockchain with other distributed systems, such as robotic swarm systems, can provide the necessary capabilities to make robotic swarm operations more secure, autonomous, flexible and even profitable. This work explains how blockchain technology can provide innovative solutions to four emergent issues in the swarm robotics research field. New security, decision making, behavior differentiation and business models for swarm robotic systems are described by providing case scenarios and examples. Finally, limitations and possible future problems that arise from the combination of these two technologies are described.
Raphael Maas, Erik Maehle, Karl-Erwin Grosspietsch
This paper presents an overview of the Organic Robot Control Architecture (ORCA) and its previous applications. The architecture supports the decentralized operation and organization of autonomous subsystems and the avoidance of states that are considered as unhealthy. Additionally the paper discusses the application of ORCA in the context of cyber-physical systems (CPS), as CPS share common characteristics with organically controlled system, such as self-organization, self-configuration, self-optimization and other ones. This is underlined by an exemplary CPS layout that follows the ORCA design principles.
Ruy de Queiroz, Luiz Carlos Pereira, Edward Hermann Hæusler
This volume contains the Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'2003). The Workshop was held in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil from July 29 to August 1, 2003, in the Escola de Minas of the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto ( UFOP ). WoLLIC is a series of workshops which started in 1994 with the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research in pure and applied logic . The idea is to provide a forum which is large enough in the number of possible interactions between logic and the sciences related to information and computation, and yet is small enough to allow for concrete and useful interaction among participants. Previous versions were held at: Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil) in 1994 and 1995; Salvador (Bahia, Brazil) in 1996; Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) in 1997; São Paulo (Brazil) in 1998; Itatiaia (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in 1999; Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) in 2000; Brasília (Distrito Federal, Brazil) in 2001; Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 2002. Scientific sponsorship comes from the Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logics ( IGPL ), the European Association for Logic, Language and Information ( FoLLI ), the Association for Symbolic Logic ( ASL ), European Association for Theoretical Computer Science ( EATCS ), the Sociedade Brasileira de Computação ( SBC ), and the Sociedade Brasileira de Lógica ( SBL ). Funding was kindly given by:(i) CNPq ( Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico , the scientific and technological development council of the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia ) (grant 450709/2003-5);(ii) CAPES ( Fundação Coordenação de Apoio ao Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , a Foundation for the Development of Higher-Education under the Brazilian Ministério da Educação e do Desporto ) (grant PAEP0565/03);(iii) FAPEMIG ( Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais , the Minas Gerais state foundation for the support of scientific research);(iv) Escola de Minas da UFOP ( Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto ). Contributions were received in the form of short papers in all areas related to logic, language, information and computation, including:pure logical systems, proof theory, model theory, algebraic logic, type theory, category theory, constructive mathematics, lambda and combinatorial calculi, program logic and program semantics, logics and models of concurrency, logic and complexity theory, proof complexity, foundations of cryptography (zero-knowledge proofs), descriptive complexity, nonclassical logics, nonmonotonic logic, logic and language, discourse representation, logic and artificial intelligence, automated deduction, foundations of logic programming, logic and computation, and logic engineering. Apart from the contributed papers (15), and the invited talks (5), the programme includes 5 tutorial lectures: 1. Algorithmic Randomness and Derandomization by Eric Allender (Department of Computer Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA) 2. Generalized Quantifiers by Lauri Hella (Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Philosophy, University of Tampere, Finland) 3. Implicit computational complexity by Jean-Baptiste Joinet (Preuves-Programmes-Systèmes, Université Paris 7, France) 4. Proof search foundations for logic programming by Dale Miller (INRIA/Futurs/Saclay, and Laboratoire d'Informatique, École Polytechnique, France) 5. Iterated theory change by Hans Rott (Institut für Philosophie, Universität Regensburg, Germany) All papers in the volume were reviewed by the program committee consisting of Mauricio Ayala-Rinóon ( Departamento de Matemática, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil ) Argimiro Arratia ( Depto. Matematicas, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Venezuela ) Alessandra Carbone ( Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, and Université de Paris XII, France ) Marcelo Coniglio ( Centro de Lógica e Epistemologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil ) Gilles Dowek ( INRIA, France ) Arnaud Fleury ( Facoltà di Scienze, Università di Verona, Italy ) Dexter Kozen ( Cornell University, USA ) Maarten Marx ( ILLC, Faculty of Science, Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands ) Anto˚nio Carlos da Rocha Costa ( Escola de Informática, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Brazil ) Dieter Spreen ( Fachbereich Mathematik, Theoretische Informatik, Universität Siegen, Germany ) Luiz Carlos Pereira ( Departamento de Filosofia, PUC-Rio and UFRJ, Brazil ) Jouko Väänänen ( Department of Mathematics, University of Helsinki, Finland ) Renata Wassermann ( Departamento de Cie˚ncia da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ) The organising committee consisted of Lucília Figueiredo ( Departamento de Computação, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil ) Fred Ulisses Maranhão ( Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil ) Anjolina Grisi de Oliveira ( Center of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil ) Elaine Pimentel ( Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil ) (Co-Chair) Ruy de Queiroz ( Center of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil ) (Co-Chair) Maria Angela Weiss ( Departamento de Matemática, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil ) The volume will be published as volume 84 in the series Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science ( ENTCS ). This series is published electronically through the facilities of Elsevier B.V. and its auspices. The volumes in the ENTCS series can be accessed at the URL http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/entcs A printed version of the current volume has been distributed to the participants at the workshop in Ouro Preto. We are very grateful to the following persons, whose help has been crucial for the success of WoLLIC'2003: Mike Mislove, one of the Managing Editors of the ENTCS series, for his assistance with the use of the ENTCS style files; Thanks are also due to the Department of Mathematics of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and the Department of Computing of the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, which has provided the logistic support to the organising committee. August 2, 2003 Ruy de Queiroz, Elaine Pimentel, Lucilia Figueiredo