Joshua Tan, Max Langenkamp, Anna Weichselbraun, Ann Brody · 5 authors
The governance of online communities has been a critical issue since the first USENET groups, and a number of serious constitutions -- declarations of goals, values, and rights -- have emerged since the mid-1990s. More recently, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have begun to publish their own constitutions, manifestos, and other governance documents. There are two unique aspects to these documents: they (1) often govern significantly more resources than previously-observed online communities, and (2) are used in conjunction with smart contracts that can secure certain community rights and processes through code. In this article, we analyze 25 DAO constitutions, observe a number of common patterns, and provide a template and a set of recommendations to support the crafting and dissemination of future DAO constitutions. We conclude with a report on how our template and recommendations were then used within the actual constitutional drafting process of a major blockchain.
Web3 provides users and service providers several benefits not found in Web2. However, despite the benefits provided, Web3 faces several obstacles that prevent the paradigm from gaining widespread adoption. Developers should understand the benefits and limitations of the technology in order to create more accessible Web3 smart applications.
Blockchain technology holds great potential for the gaming industry, but its inherent complexity can create significant barriers for game developers. Throughput's "Ledger as a Service" (LaaS) solution addresses this challenge, making blockchain technology and its benefits accessible to the gaming sector. By minimizing costs and technical overheads, it allows developers to prioritize building innovative and immersive game experiences. This research presents Throughput, a blockchain platform designed to excel in the gaming environment. Its groundbreaking approach employs a single process to manage multiple ledgers from different blockchains. This maximizes efficiency, reduces complexity, and significantly lowers the costs associated with running a layer 1 blockchain – critical advantages for supporting the resource-intensive nature of games. Throughput's consensus algorithm is carefully engineered to handle the demands of real-time gameplay, ensuring high throughput, minimal latency, and fast transaction confirmations. The ability for a single node to maintain multiple ledgers can be a significant breakthrough and can enable a validator to run multiple blockchains on single node with unified consensus. This efficiency boost not only saves resources but promotes exciting possibilities for interoperability, cross-game collaboration, and seamless asset exchange across different gaming blockchains. Furthermore, Throughput's validators benefit from increased block rewards by validating blocks across multiple ledgers. This unique incentive model encourages the maintenance of a robust and secure network, benefiting the entire gaming ecosystem. In conclusion, Throughput simplifies the integration of blockchain technology for game developers and offers features tailored explicitly to the needs of the gaming industry. By offloading complex node management, Throughput empowers developers to focus on their core strengths – ultimately accelerating the adoption of blockchain in gaming and driving innovation throughout the sector.
This paper presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of the Web3 ecosystem, comparing various Web3 tokens with traditional financial assets across multiple time scales. We examine probability distributions, tail behaviors, and other key stylized facts of the returns for a diverse range of tokens, including decentralized exchanges, liquidity pools, and centralized exchanges. Despite functional differences, most tokens exhibit well-established empirical facts, including unconditional probability density of returns with heavy tails gradually becoming Gaussian and volatility clustering. Furthermore, we compare assets traded on centralized (CEX) and decentralized (DEX) exchanges, finding that DEXs exhibit similar stylized facts despite different trading mechanisms and often divergent long-term performance. We propose that this similarity is attributable to arbitrageurs striving to maintain similar centralized and decentralized prices. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of Web3 tokens and the relationship between CEX and DEX markets, with important implications for risk management, pricing models, and portfolio construction in the rapidly evolving DeFi landscape. These results add to the growing body of literature on cryptocurrency markets and provide insights that can guide the development of more accurate models for DeFi markets.
A big industry secret often swept under the rug by the crypto industry is the notion of “wartime” vs. “peacetime” companies coupled with the ability to adapt swiftly. Once employed in the crypto industry, this takes on a distinct and stark reality that you need to be prepared for. Unlike the traditional corporate world where tech giants like Google epitomize the stability and growth of “peacetime” companies, their crypto counterparts inherently operate in a constant “wartime” state. This unique environment shapes every aspect of working in Web3, from leadership styles to daily operations and employee experiences. In the crypto sector, “wartime” isn't just a phase; it's the norm. Companies are perpetually navigating through a landscape rife with volatility, regulatory uncertainty, technological disruptions, and fierce competition. This environment necessitates a continual state of vigilance, quick decision-making, and adaptability.
Amit Kumar Singh Yadav, Abhijeet Choudhary, Preeti Sharma
This research paper provides a concise overview of Web 3 and the technologies based on it.Web 3, the decentralized web, integrates decentralization and block chain technology into internet architectures.Key components, such as decentralized data storage, smart contracts, decentralized identity, and decentralized finance, are explored.Practical applications in data security, automation, privacy, and finance are discussed.The paper highlights challenges such as scalability and regulatory frameworks while emphasizing on-going efforts to address them.Web 3 represents a transformative shift in internet architecture, enabling enhanced user empowerment and redefining traditional online systems.
Web 3.0 is the basis on which the proposed metaverse, a seamless virtual world enabled by computers and interconnected devices, hopes to interact with its users, but beyond the high-level project overview of what Web 3.0 applications try to achieve, the implementation is still down to low-level coding details. This article aims to analyze the low-level implementations of key components of Web 3.0 using a variety of frameworks and tools as well as several JVM-based languages. This paper breaks down the low-level implementation of smart contracts and semantic web principles using three frameworks, Corda and Ethereum for smart contracts and Jeda for semantic web, using both Scala and Java as implementing languages all while highlighting differences and similarities between the frameworks used.
Evaluating1 the popularity of content, developing personalized recommendation algorithms, and optimizing advertising revenue are crucial aspects of Over-the-Top (OTT) media content services. In order to achieve these goals, accurate viewership measurement of OTT content is essential. However, due to the stringent security policies of mobile platforms, it has been challenging to propose an easy and reliable method for measuring viewership. In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure viewership measurement technique for OTT content on the iOS platforms. The proposed technique utilizes audio filtering and zero-knowledge proof techniques to address the challenges. By leveraging audio filtering, the content can be quickly identified, enabling accurate viewership measurement. Additionally, the use of zero-knowledge proof ensures the protection of users' personal information, preventing indiscriminate acquisition of user data in OTT services.
Ela Mannai, Hella Kaffel Ben Ayed, Ilhem Abdelhedi Abdelmoula, Bilel Zaghdoudi
Blockchain plays a major role in the security field, it is a replicated and shared database among the network’s participants. The main feature of blockchain is that it allows untrusted individuals to securely interact and send transactions without the need for a trusted third party. Non-fungible tokens often referred to as NFTs, are blockchain-based tokens that each represents a unique asset like a piece of art, digital content, or media. An NFT can be thought of as an irrevocable digital certificate of ownership and authenticity for a given asset, whether digital or physical. It is designed to be cryptographically verifiable, unique, or scarce, and easily transferable. The large number and heterogeneity of the blockchains make NFTs interoperability management as one of the most complex and challenging tasks. The present paper provides an overview of the blockchain new projects for enabling NFTs interoperability.
Web 3.0, commonly referred to as the semantic web or the decentralized web.The article presents a summary of Web 3.0's current state, including its background, evolution, and important technologies including blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and decentralized apps (DApps).The evaluation of the decentralized web is also covered in the study, along with improvements to data privacy and security, the removal of middlemen, and more effective and transparent processes.The study concludes by discussing Web 3.0's future and its potential effects on several sectors, including ecommerce, social media, finance, and healthcare.The paper concludes that while there are still challenges that need to be addressed, the decentralized web is likely to continue to evolve and play an increasingly important role in the future of the internet.
‘Web3’ is shorthand for decentralized internet applications built on blockchains. Based on distributed ledger technology, Web3 applications seamlessly encompass value tokenization (the basis of peer-to-peer payments and many other uses) and decentralized management of information, with great emphasis on their aspiration to re-shape the digital economy. To date, Web3 initiatives have been attracting sizeable resources from venture capital firms. Nevertheless, the technological limitations at the basis of decentralized applications prevent a full understanding of the effective potential of Web3. Our work provides an essential overview of the phenomenon, with a focus on the actual incentives it offers to different economic agents as well as to individuals. We pinpoint the key drivers that may contribute to the large-scale establishment of distributed ledger technology as the new paradigm underlying internet applications, and differentiate them from the hype put forward by the crypto-community.
Web3 is leading a wave of the next generation of web services that even many Web2 applications are keen to ride. However, the lack of Web3 background for Web2 developers hinders easy and effective access and transition. On the other hand, Web3 applications desire for encouragement and advertisement from conventional Web2 companies and projects due to their low market shares. In this paper, we propose a seamless transition framework that transits Web2 to Web3, named WebttCom, after exploring the connotation of Web3 and the key differences between Web2 and Web3 applications. We also provide a full-stack implementation as a use case to support the proposed framework, followed by interviews with five participants that show four positive and one natural response. We confirm that the proposed framework WebttCom addresses the defined research question, and the implementation well satisfies the framework WebttCom in terms of strong necessity, usability, and completeness based on the interview results.
Web3 is introduced in 2014 to undo all the problems that came about in Web 2.0. This next generation of the internet is focused on shifting power away from big technology companies and towards individual users by Decentralization – instead of relying on a single centralized server, Web3 is built on top of blockchain-powered crypto networks that enable data to be stored across distributed devices worldwide. Ultimately, these distributed nodes can be anything, such as computers, laptops, or even bigger servers. They assist as the framework of the blockchain, collaborating with each other to enable the storage, spread, and safeguarding of data without the need for a trusted third party.
Les promesses d’usage du web3 mobilisent de nombreux acteurs, des communautés se créent, notamment celle qui s’auto-définit comme DéGen. Génération émergente, contre-culture, mouvement artistique ou nouvelle forme d’identité numérique, les DéGens échappent encore aux discours et catégories socio-anthropologiques. Les sciences de l’information et de la communication, la sociologie des médias et l’ethnographie numérique fournissent des méthodes et outils d’analyse des usages et des codes de ces individus représentatifs de l’hypermodernité et du web3. S’il est difficile, à ce stade, de savoir si le mouvement DéGens n’est qu’un épiphénomène transitoire ou un marqueur emblématique d’une évolution sociétale de fond, les efforts déployés par les DéGens pour construire des modes d’organisation adaptés à leurs pratiques hypermodernes justifient une étude approfondie du fonctionnement de cette communauté d’un nouveau type. Cette recherche vise à documenter et éclairer de manière transdisciplinaire, à travers l’apparition de ces nouveaux acteurs, des questions centrales sur les mutations en cours liées au web3, les changements de paradigmes économiques, sociologiques, axiologiques, identitaires. Ces pratiques numériques actent le hic et nunc d’un monde hybride, le numérique n’est plus le double d’une réalité tangible, il ne reproduit pas le monde, il en devient la matrice, il ouvre sur une vision post schopenhauerienne : d’un « monde comme volonté et représentation », dont il convient de décrypter le mode de développement.
A group of researchers, builders and activists came together to discuss platform cooperativism and the intersection with the web3 movement. We touched on some of the key takeaways from the history of cooperatives that can be applied to developing new internet platforms and protocols, as well as the challenges platform cooperatives face scaling alternative models of ownership and control. Consequently, we investigated how developers and emerging internet companies might learn from the shared history of cooperatives and how, in practice, they can construct systems that respect cooperative ideals.
In a corpus of 45,821 app reviews of the top five mobile cryptocurrency wallets, we identified and qualitatively analyzed 6,859 reviews pertaining to the user experience (UX) with those wallets. Our analysis suggests that both new and experienced users struggle with general and domain-specific UX issues that, aside from frustration and disengagement, might lead to dangerous errors and irreversible monetary losses. We reveal shortcomings of current wallet UX as well as users’ misconceptions, some of which can be traced back to a reliance on their understanding of conventional payment systems. For example, some users believed that transactions were free, reversible, and could be canceled anytime, which is not the case in reality. Correspondingly, these beliefs often resulted in unmet expectations. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations on how to design cryptocurrency wallets that both alleviate the identified issues and counteract some of the misconceptions in order to better support newcomers.
Distributed Ledger Technology is demonstrating its capability to provide flexible frameworks for information assurance capable of resisting to byzantine failures and multiple target attacks. The availability of development frameworks allows the definition of many applications using such a technology. On the contrary, the verification of such applications are far from being easy since testing is not enough to guarantee the absence of security problems. The paper describes an experience in the modelling and security analysis of one of these applications by means of formal methods: in particular, we consider the Tweetchain protocol as a case study and we use the Tamarin Prover tool, which supports the modelling of a protocol as a multiset rewriting system and its analysis with respect to temporal first-order properties. With the aim of making the modeling and verification process reproducible and independent of the specific protocol, we present a general structure of the Tamarin Prover model and of the properties to verified. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the Tamarin Prover approach considering three aspects: modelling, analysis and the verification process. Copyright
We propose TickEth, a system that aims at mitigating some of the problems encountered by the ticketing industry. The name TickEth is built by combining the words ticket, its application domain, and Ethereum, the underlying platform we adopted for the development of the prototype.
현재 많은 사람들이 주로 사용하는 모바일 메신저는 중앙 집중형 서버를 이용하고 있다. 서버를 거쳐서 전송되는 메시지 내용은 서버에 일정 시간 보관된다. 따라서 데이터를 보관한 서버가 해킹될 경우 저장된 데이터에 대한 안전이 보장되지 않는다. 기존의 모바일 메신저에서는 공격자에 의해, 혹은 내부자에 의해서 서버에 저장된 데이터가 유출될 경우 이에 따르는 데이터 위/변조, 프라이버시 침해 뿐만 아니라 서비스량이 많아질 경우 발생되는 서버 과부하에 따른 문제들이 빈번히 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결한 새로운 모바일 메신저를 제안한다. 제안하는 모바일 메신저는 Ethereum의 Whisper를 사용하여 서버를 사용하지 않고 메시지를 전송할 수 있으며 모바일 쿠폰의 관리 및 전송 기능까지 지원한다. 전송하는 모든 데이터는 암호화 전송됨으로써 데이터의 기밀성을 보장하고 디지털 서명을 통해 메시지에 대한 무결성 및 인증을 보장한다.
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques