Blockchain Papers

Sh. Mussiraliyeva, M. Shaizat, A. Beketova, Y. Abayuly · 5 authors

БАС РЕДАКТОР: МҰТАНОВ Ғалымқайыр Мұтанұлы, техника ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі, ҚР БҒМ ҚҰО ақпараттық және есептеу технологиялар институтының бас директорының м

Benjamin S. Thompson, Sascha Rust

No abstract is available for this record.

Volkan Dedeoglu, Sidra Malik, Gowri Ramachandran, Shantanu Pal · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

T. Asha Vijay, M S Raju

Urbanization has led to increasing fish consumption, resulting in high demand for fish and fish products. Challenges in this sector, include fraudulent fish supply, overfishing, unscientific handling, quality concerns, etc. Blockchain-based systems in the seafood sector could provide traceability access to the seafood for the consumers and authorities to know if the seafood consumed/sold is legal, ethical, hygienic, economic, etc. Blockchain platforms like Ethereum promote secure digital collaboration of the actors across the supply chain eliminating the intermediaries. The literature documents a very limited number of blockchains that operate in the fisheries sector. Pacifical Atato is designed to promote and develop yellowfin tuna supply chains of Pacific island nations. Project Provenance Limited seeks to bring an end to the unsustainable fishing practices. Tuna distribution through transparent, novel chains is the goal of TraSeable solutions. Treum explored the investments to develop the supply chains of fisheries in the South Pacific. IBM’s Food Trust traces food supplies, including farmed shrimp from India, and is affiliated with retailers like Walmart, Nestle, etc. OpenSC is a World Wildlife Fund (WWF) project that ensures ethical product sourcing and uses QR (Quick Response) code scanning and RFID (Radio Frequency Technology) to track fish.

Amirmohammad Pasdar, Young Choon Lee, Paul Ryan, Zhongli Dong

No abstract is available for this record.

Jochen Heussner, Michael Paul Kramer, Jon Henrich Hanf

Wine fraud and counterfeiting is a problem that spans from entry level wines to cult bottles. It poses significant challenges such as impacting consumer trust and causing financial losses. The study explores potential blockchain-based applications used to prevent wine fraud. Responding to the research questions regarding how blockchain technology can help prevent wine fraud and what potential benefits and limitations may exist in this context, we performed a literature review and conducted an exploratory use case analysis of over 100 solutions. Our findings unveiled that only a few operationalized use cases exist. These are predominantly based on non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are employed for verification of authenticity purposes. We also found that the adoption is at an early stage. While the benefits of using blockchain are promising, further research should be performed to address its potential limitations within the organizational, technical, as well as legal and regulatory realms.

Yuting Wu, Xiu Jin, Honggang Yang, Lijing Tu · 6 authors

A framework combining the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain can help achieve system automation and credibility, and the corresponding technologies have been applied in many industries, especially in the area of agricultural product traceability. In particular, IoT devices (radio frequency identification (RFID), geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), etc.) can automate the collection of information pertaining to the key aspects of traceability. The data are collected and input to the blockchain system for processing, storage, and query. A distributed, decentralized, and nontamperable blockchain can ensure the security of the data entering the system. However, IoT devices may generate abnormal data in the process of data collection. In this context, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the source data of the traceability system. Considering the whole-process traceability chain of agricultural products, this paper analyzes the whole-process information of a tea supply chain from planting to sales, constructs the system architecture and each function, and designs and implements a machine learning- (ML-) blockchain-IoT-based tea credible traceability system (MBITTS). Based on IoT technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors, this article proposes a new method that combines blockchain and ML to enhance the accuracy of blockchain source data. In addition, system data storage and indexing methods and scanning and recovery mechanisms are proposed. Compared with the existing agricultural product (tea) traceability system based on blockchain, the introduction of the ML data verification mechanism can ensure the accuracy (up to 99%) of information on the chain. The proposed solution provides a basis to ensure the safety, reliability, and efficiency of agricultural traceability systems.

Jian-E Dong, Song Zhang, Jieqing Li, Yuanzhong Wang

No abstract is available for this record.

Ulpan Tokkozhina, João C. Ferreira, Ana Martins

No abstract is available for this record.

Lodovica Marchesi, Katiuscia Mannaro, Michele Marchesi, Roberto Tonelli

There is a growing demand for transparency along the agri-food chain, both from customers and governments. The adoption of blockchain technology to enable secure traceability for the management of the agri-food chain, provide information such as the provenance of a food product and prevent food fraud, is emerging rapidly, due to the inherent trust and inalterability provided by this technology. However, developing the right smart contracts for these use cases is even more of a challenge than it is for those used in other fields. Several management systems for the agri-food chain based on blockchain technology and smart contract have been proposed, all however ad-hoc for a specific product or production process and difficult to generalize. In this paper, we propose a new approach to easily customize and compose general Ethereum-based smart contracts designed for the agri-food industrial domain, to be able to reuse the code and modules and automate the process to shorten development times, while keeping it safe and reliable. Starting from the definition of the real production process, we aim to automatically generate both the smart contracts to manage the system and the user interfaces to interact with them, thus producing a system that works semi-automatically. Additionally, we describe a honey production case study to show how our approach works. Future work will first extend the scope of the approach to other supply chains, furthermore, while the current platform used is Ethereum, in the future our approach will be easily extended to other blockchain platforms.

Matteo Pio Prencipe, Behzad Maleki Vishkaei, Pietro De Giovanni

This chapter identifies the existing challenges in the winery industry and proposes to analyze their resolution by the adoption of blockchain technology. Blockchain allows the traceability of the whole process linked to wine production, from the cultivation of the grapes to the distribution of the bottles. Blockchain allows winery firms to unlock the potential value existing in some processes, especially when they create a competitive advantage. The chapter investigates these concepts within the case of Cantina Volpone, which has been the first case in Italy to adopt blockchain technology in the winery industry. This chapter studies the implementation path for blockchain technology in the winery industry and highlights the operational and financial challenges emerging from its adoption.

Luisanna Cocco, Roberto Tonelli, Michele Marchesi

This work presents how a digital identity management system can support food supply chains in guaranteeing the quality of the products marketed and the compliance of the several supply-chain’s nodes to standards and technical regulations. Specific goal of this work is to present a system that provides full visibility of process/food certifications, which nowadays are issued by accredited and approved certification bodies (issuers) and delivered and stored in paper version by the several participants (holders) of the supply chain. The system is designed and implemented by combining the latest most innovative and disruptive technologies in the market—Self Sovereign Identity system, Blockchain, and Inter Planetary File System. The crucial aspects that it aims to hit are the storage and access of food/process certifications, and the proper eligibility verification of these certifications exploiting the concepts of the Self Sovereign Identity-based models. The proposed system, realized by using standards that are WWW Consortium-compatible and the Ethereum Blockchain, ensures eligibility, transparency, and traceability of the certifications along a food supply chain, and could be an innovation model/idea that the companies that adopt the Open Innovation paradigm might want to pursue.

Qinqin Zhou, Hao Zhang, Suya Wang

Abstract Food safety plays an essential role in our daily lives, and it becomes serious with the development of worldwide trade. To tackle the food safety issues, many advanced technologies have been developed to monitor the process of the food industry (FI) to ensure food safety, including the process of food production, processing, transporting, storage, and retailing. These technologies are often referred to as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain, which have been widely applied in many research areas. In this review, we introduce these technologies and their applications in the food safety domain. Firstly, basic concepts of these technologies are presented. Then, applications for food safety from a data perspective based on these technologies are analyzed. Finally, future challenges of the applications of AI, big data, and blockchain are discussed.

Xu Wang, Guangsheng Yu, Ren Ping Liu, Jian Zhang · 15 authors

Accurate assessment of fish quality is difficult in practice due to the lack of trusted fish provenance and quality tracking information. Working with Sydney Fish Market (SFM), we develop a Blockchain-enabled fish provenance and quality tracking (BeFAQT) system. A multilayer Blockchain architecture based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) is proposed to tackle the privacy issue caused by applying Blockchain to secure supply chain data and achieve trusted and confidential data sharing among parties in fish supply chains. An Internet-of-Things (IoT) chain saves encrypted fish provenance and quality tracking data, and an ABE chain is specifically designed for the access control to the data in the IoT chain. Latest IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including NarrowBand-IoT, image processing, and biosensing, are developed for fish origin proof, supply chain tracking, and objective fish quality assessment. As proven by field trials with SFM and a local fish supply chain, the BeFAQT is able to provide trusted and comprehensive fish provenance and quality tracking information in real time.

Leema Roselin G, K Kiruba, P.K. Hemalatha, J. Manikandan · 6 authors

As a result of specific international products and agricultural product distribution , there is a greater emphasis on security , dependability , and the centralization of many required food and agricultural production standards. A growing number of food security problems and pollution threats has also generated a powerful need for an effective tracking solution to ensure the safety of products throughout the agricultural industry, using it as an instrument for quality management . The block-chain is an effective disruptive technology that offers a state-of-the-art solution for food production and marketing . Our intended response eliminates centralized power , intermediaries and records of performance , which increases security and efficiency while retaining high integrity, reliability and safety . All is encrypted and saved with the distributed recording system connection to a non-removable block chain logger , which provides an exceptionally safe , reliable and economic level of disclosure and a cable supply system.

Bruno Bogaz Zarpel�ão, Sylvio Barbon, Amanda Teixeira Badaró, Douglas Fernandes Barbin

No abstract is available for this record.

Sotiris P. Gayialis, Evripidis P. Kechagias, Grigorios D. Konstantakopoulos, Georgios A. Papadopoulos · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Lodovica Marchesi, Katiuscia Mannaro, Raffaele Porcu

Supply chain management, product provenance and quality certification are among the first and most popular applications of blockchain technology, due to the inherent trust and inalterability provided by the blockchain technology. However, the proposed supply chain management systems based on blockchain and smart contract technology tend to be specific to the particular production and production process. In this paper we present a general-purpose approach for the agri-food supply chain management, proposing a system that can be configured for most agri-food productions. The primary purpose is to provide a methodology to facilitate and make more efficient the development of such applications. It is based on general smart contracts and apps interacting with the same smart contracts, which are configured, starting from the description of the specific system to be managed, given using json files. A case study on olive oil production is described, to show how our approach works.

Wen Lin, David L. Ortega, Danielle Ufer, Vincenzina Caputo · 5 authors

Abstract Amid stringent traceability requirements and a nearly 14‐year ban, the U.S. beef industry is rebuilding its market presence in China. Blockchain technology offers a responsive means of meeting Chinese import traceability requirements while also addressing consumers' food safety concerns. We evaluate Chinese demand for U.S. beef and blockchain‐based traceability and find that a sizeable segment of the market (37%) is willing to pay a premium for U.S. beef that is traceable using blockchains. Results indicate that investments in traceability systems that utilize blockchain technology may be an effective way for producers to capture a significant market share in China.

Yan Xü, Xiangxin Li, Xiangquan Zeng, Jiankang Cao · 5 authors

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology and is expected to face some difficulties and challenges in various industries due to its transparency, decentralization, tamper-proof nature, and encryption security. Food safety has been paid increasing attention in recent years with economic development. Based on a systematic literature critical analysis, the causes of food safety problems and the state-of-the-art blockchain technology overview, including the definition of blockchain, development history, classification, structure, characteristics, and main applications, the feasibility and application prospects of blockchain technology in plant food safety, animal food safety, and processed food safety were proposed in this review. Finally, the challenges of the blockchain technology itself and the difficulties in the application of food safety were analyzed. This study contributes to the extant literature in the field of food safety by discovering the excellent potential of blockchain technology and its implications for food safety control. Our results indicated that blockchain is a promising technology toward a food safety control, with many ongoing initiatives in food products, but many food-related issues, barriers, and challenges still exist. Nevertheless, it is expected to provide a feasible solution for controlling food safety risks.

Shoufeng Cao, Warwick Powell, Marcus Foth, Valéri Natanelov · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Antonio Biscotti, Carlo Giannelli, Cedric Franck Ngatcha Keyi, R. Lazzarini · 7 authors

In modern society, food safety is becoming more and more important. The adoption of appropriate practices, such as the ones defined in the HACCP system, during food production, handling, preparation, and storage can reasonably guarantee food safety. However, it is not easy to apply HACCP methodologies in an automatic form, thus hindering its use in industrial machines. To solve this problem, the paper presents a novel solution adopting Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain technologies in the ice cream production process to automate the enforcement of HACCP directives. The new Carpigiani ice cream making machines exploit IoT for the automation of data gathering (in particular the temperature, that is of particular concern for dairy products) and a Blockchain solution for a tamper-proof and non-repudiable distributed storage of HACCP sensitive production data.

Robert Garrard, Simon Fielke

We explore the potential for a blockchain ledger to record supply chain provenances in an inherently trustworthy manner. The use of blockchain in this setting may allow for traceability of products through the supply chain without fear that an item’s provenance is fraudulent or has been tampered with. We compare the desirable properties of a blockchain ledger to those of a traditional database. We also consider challenges to the trustworthiness of a provenance idiosyncratic to the context of supply chains. We present a case study in which we conduct a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the prawn aquaculture industry in Australia. This industry was chosen as it stands to gain from robust provenances due to international competition. We find that blockchain based technology is unlikely to deliver substantial gains to the industry when compared to alternatives. Rather, most gains are likely to arise from the industry becoming digitalized, which would be a precondition for any blockchain technology to be operational.

Erik Mahan

The seafood supply chain is largely opaque, which allows for overfishing, organized crime,and even human rights abuses. Illegally caught fish enter the supply chain at various points, andimportant data about the fish (e.g. species, provenance, catch method, etc...) can be lost orfabricated. Although some third-party auditors offer to trace an actor’s supply chain, these services are expensive and the data are siloed away, leaving only the third-party’s guarantee. One option for seafood traceability lies in blockchain technology, which marries a network of computers to an immutable, add-only ledger of transactions. In a supply chain managed by digital ledger technology, the potential for transparency is far greater than in the status quo. However, because the global seafood supply chain is so fragmented, and adoption of blockchain technology requires stakeholder buy-in at all levels of the supply chain, there exists no reliable roadmap for implementation. This Capstone Research Project will use a start-up company – DockChain – as a proxy to examine how to incentivize actors in the seafood supply chain to adopt blockchain technology.DockChain is a blockchain-enabled restaurant distributor and direct-to-consumer seafood subscription service. Dockchain aims to use blockchain in order to connect local seafood consumers with San Diegan fishermen through the use of a distributed application, and QR codes. This application will allow seafood consumers to scan a QR code to access a story showing all relevant key data elements and critical tracking events, such as the identity of the harvester, and where the seafood had been processed and filleted. The business will have three phases of development in which it will focus on particular markets for adoption. The primary fish that DockChain will purvey will be opah, because of its potential as to grow in popularity. Although opah will be the primary fish the company deals, DockChain will be eager to distribute other fish as well.