Xi Lin, Jun Wu, Ali Kashif Bashir, Jianhua Li · 6 authors
Recently, edge artificial intelligence techniques (e.g., federated edge learning) are emerged to unleash the potential of big data from Internet of Things (IoT). By learning knowledge on local devices, data privacy preserving and Quality of Service (QoS) are guaranteed. Nevertheless, the dilemma between the limited on-device battery capacities and the high energy demands in learning is not resolved. When the on-device battery is exhausted, the edge learning process will have to be interrupted. In this article, we propose a novel wirelessly powered edge intelligence (WPEG) framework, which aims to achieve a stable, robust, and sustainable edge intelligence by energy harvesting (EH) methods. First, we build a permissioned edge blockchain to secure the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy and knowledge sharing in our framework. To maximize edge intelligence efficiency, we then investigate the wirelessly powered multiagent edge learning model and design the optimal edge learning strategy. Moreover, by constructing a two-stage Stackelberg game, the underlying energy-knowledge trading incentive mechanisms are also proposed with the optimal economic incentives and power transmission strategies. Finally, simulation results show that our incentive strategies could optimize the utilities of both parties compared with classic schemes, and our optimal learning design could realize the optimal learning efficiency.
Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang, Hans‐Arno Jacobsen
The untrusted centralized nature of energy markets and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructures result in several privacy and security threats to the private information of EV users. These security and privacy threats include targeted advertisements, privacy leakage, selling data to third party, etc. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based privacy-preserving intelligent charging station (CS) selection for EVs to ensure the security and privacy of the EV users and availability of the CSs. We introduce a blockchain-based framework to implement secure charging services and trusted reservation for EVs through the execution of smart contracts. We also formulate the problem of privacy-preserving intelligent CS selection and propose a mechanism for EVs to select the optimal CS locally based on dynamic requirements. Finally, we present an example scenario of our proposed framework.
Onel L. Alcaraz López, Hirley Alves, Richard Demo Souza, Samuel Montejo‐Sánchez · 6 authors
Recent advances on wireless energy transfer (WET) make it a promising\nsolution for powering future Internet of Things (IoT) devices enabled by the\nupcoming sixth generation (6G) era. The main architectures, challenges and\ntechniques for efficient and scalable wireless powering are overviewed in this\npaper. Candidates enablers such as energy beamforming (EB), distributed antenna\nsystems (DAS), advances on devices' hardware and programmable medium, new\nspectrum opportunities, resource scheduling and distributed ledger technology\nare outlined. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the suitability of\nchannel state information (CSI)-limited/free strategies when powering\nsimultaneously a massive number of devices. The benefits from combining DAS and\nEB, and from using average CSI whenever available, are numerically illustrated.\nThe pros and cons of the state-of-the-art CSI-free WET techniques in ultra-low\npower setups are thoroughly revised, and some possible future enhancements are\noutlined. Finally, key research directions towards realizing WET-enabled\nmassive IoT networks in the 6G era are identified and discussed in detail.\n
Wireless power transfer is a promising approach to charge low-power IoT devices for energy replenishment. However, energy attacks from malicious IoT devices can result in significant energy loss to energy transmitters. In this article, we propose a new distributed and secure wireless power transfer architecture by utilizing blockchain. The proposed architecture includes two planes: the energy plane and blockchain plane. We further abstract three types of traffic flows, transaction flow, consensus flow and coin flow, to provide a profound insight into the workflow of blockchain. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal amount of transferred energy in the energy plane, and to resolve high operational overhead of the consensus process in the blockchain plane, we develop a contract theory based wireless power transfer scheme and a DPoS based lightweight consensus scheme, and design an efficient wireless power transfer mechanism by combining the two schemes. Illustrative results demonstrate that our proposed schemes offer significant energy loss reduction with moderate operational overhead.
Tasnimun Faika, Taesic Kim, Justin J. Ochoa, Maleq Khan · 6 authors
Wireless battery management systems (WBMSs) are recently proposed to solve critical wiring-harness issues in conventional BMSs. It is expected that the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud/edge computing technologies are expected to advance the WBMSs by fully utilizing IoT wireless network, powerful computing and unlimited cloud support, resulting in providing significant value in cost reduction, extended scalability, and greater visibility in the lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. However, the WBMSs present a growing threat from cyber-attacks as the WBMSs are always connected on networks and a lack of cybersecurity perspective is still prevalent in BMS usage and design phase. This paper explores blockchain technology for ensuring the communication and data security of an loT-enabled WBMS from malicious cyber-attacks. The concept of the proposed blockchain-based IoT network for WBMSs is validated by experimental studies.
Vehicular energy network (VEN), as an important part of the Internet of Things for the smart city, can facilitate the renewable energy (RE) transportation over a large geographical area by means of electric vehicles (EVs) through wireless power transfer technology. However, due to the potential security vulnerability in VEN, EV users can be attacked by external or internal adversaries. In addition, owing to the selfishness of EVs, it is a great challenge to optimally schedule the charging/discharging behaviors of EVs to realize regional energy balance in VEN. To tackle the above issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based secure incentive scheme for energy delivery in VEN. First, a novel permissioned energy blockchain system is introduced in VEN to implement secure energy delivery services for EVs and energy nodes through the use of distributed ledgers and cryptocurrency. Second, a proof of reputation consensus protocol is proposed to efficiently reach consensus in energy blockchain, where the reputation derivation is constructed based on the local trust computing and credibility computing. Third, motivated by the pricing mechanism, an incentive model is developed to stimulate EVs to cooperatively deliver RE to various areas with different electricity loads while maximizing EVs' utilities. Finally, extensive numerical results are provided, which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme through the comparison with conventional schemes.
Áron Lászka, Abhishek Dubey, Michael Walker, Douglas C. Schmidt
Power grids are undergoing major changes due to rapid growth in renewable\nenergy resources and improvements in battery technology. While these changes\nenhance sustainability and efficiency, they also create significant management\nchallenges as the complexity of power systems increases. To tackle these\nchallenges, decentralized Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions are emerging,\nwhich arrange local communities into transactive microgrids. Within a\ntransactive microgrid, "prosumers" (i.e., consumers with energy generation and\nstorage capabilities) can trade energy with each other, thereby smoothing the\nload on the main grid using local supply. It is hard, however, to provide\nsecurity, safety, and privacy in a decentralized and transactive energy system.\nOn the one hand, prosumers' personal information must be protected from their\ntrade partners and the system operator. On the other hand, the system must be\nprotected from careless or malicious trading, which could destabilize the\nentire grid. This paper describes Privacy-preserving Energy Transactions\n(PETra), which is a secure and safe solution for transactive microgrids that\nenables consumers to trade energy without sacrificing their privacy. PETra\nbuilds on distributed ledgers, such as blockchains, and provides anonymity for\ncommunication, bidding, and trading.\n
In this paper, we address the problem of decentralized parameter estimation via hierarchical organizations of sensors. In this setup, the nodes are organized in clusters, and a sensor is designated as a cluster-head depending on its channel conditions. The task of the network is to estimate an unknown parameter with the minimum possible distortion, while ensuring a prescribed total power consumption. To this aim, we consider analog transmissions and, further, we decompose the problem into smaller subproblems, which can be autonomously solved for each cluster-head. We show that by balancing the total amount of power between the cluster-heads and the sensors, one can increase the estimation accuracy, and we derive a closed-form expression of the optimum balancing for the Uniform Power Allocation(UPA) case. Next, we propose some hybrid solutions which combine UPA with optimal WF schemes. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed schemes by means of computer simulations, and we carry out a comparison with the non-hierarchical strategy as a baseline.
Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms