The article analyzes the legal support of the reform of public authority decentralization in Ukraine. In this regard, we have indicated the normative legal acts, which laid the conceptual foundations of the municipal reform, in particular, the Concept for the Reform of Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of April 1, 2014, the Law of Ukraine «On Principles of State Regional Policy» of February 5, 2015, «Strategy − 2020», approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine of January 15, 2015, No. 5/2015. Also, attention is focused on the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (with regard to the decentralization of power)», previously approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on August 31, 2015, the final adoption of which is unjustifiably delayed. We have also indicated the legislative acts which created the legal basis for the formation of economically and financially viable territorial communities, as well as enhanced the process of community consolidation, in particular, the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation of Territorial Communities» of June 17, 2014 and the Law of Ukraine «On Voluntary Association of Territorial Communities» of February 5, 2015, as amended. However, particular attention is paid to characterizing the draft legislative acts, which are to be addressed and adopted by the Parliament at the earliest possible time to successfully promote the local self-government reform, as well as to complete the process of association of territorial communities in Ukraine. In particular, it refers to the Law of Ukraine «On Principles of the Administrative and Territorial Order of Ukraine», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Voluntary Association of Territorial Communities (with regard to the perspective plans for the formation of territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions)», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law «On Regulation of Urban Development», the Law of Ukraine «On the Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Service in Bodies of Local Self-Government», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Civil Registration» and some other legislative acts of Ukraine on decentralization and bringing administrative services in the civil registration sphere closer to citizens.» We have concluded that, based on the real configuration of affairs regarding the formation of capable communities in Ukraine and taking into account foreign experience, it is considered appropriate to complete the municipal reform by administrative means by the next local elections in 2020.
Nowadays, Blockchain is one of the most desired technologies, because almost every industry seeks to apply it. Tourism was no exception. Manufacturers of services on the basis of a distributed database claim that thanks to the blockchain it is possible to completely get rid of the monopoly in the market, which in turn will lead to lower prices for services and increase the level of tourist comfort. The technology was first applied to the Bitcoin network. Now blockchain finds application in a wide variety of areas, from processing financial transactions to storage of data on the purchase of virtual cats. The tourism sector can use the blockchain to store publicly available information about the quality of hotels and the behaviors of tourists, to process transactions for the purchase of tickets and reservation of housing, to create databases for storing identity cards, etc. The subject of the article research is the use of blockchain in the tourism industry. The goal is to analyze the current state and determine the prospects for using blockchain technology in the tourism business. The tasks are to highlight the main problems and prospects for using the blockchain, as well as formulating a strategy for using this technology in the tourism market as a means of improving the quality of travel. The study uses theoretical, methodological and systematic methods of source analysis, including statistical materials, regulatory documents, scientific articles to assess the state of the use of blockchain technology in tourism and the prospects for its application. The following results were obtained: the main directions of the use of the blockchain in tourism were identified, its influence on the creation of a more diverse and flexible offer in the tourism services market. It is concluded that blockchain technology can provide greater security and transparency in the tourism industry thus increasing its profitability, which in turn affects the creation of new jobs and the standard of living of the population.
It is substantiated that creation of regional tourist destination management organizations based on public-private partnership (in terms of combining funds and efforts) in the tourism industry can become an effective model of tourism management under conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine. There are several key benefits for government authorities, civil society and business from combining their efforts and funds to develop the tourism industry. The conclusions are based on European and world experience, as well as recommendations of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) on the success factors of destination management/marketing organization (DMO – term that defines regional tourist destination management organizations in Western countries). The current state of work of destination management organizations in the world has been challenged by changing the course from marketing to management as their leading function, which requires increasing responsibility and rethinking their activities. The essence of the term “destination” is revealed according to UNWTO recommendations and this term is determined as the main one used when determining the tourist region. The basic success factors, components of an effective regional tourist destination management organization are revealed, such as: leadership, institutional determination, integration of public and private budgets, effective management and strategic vision that is related to sustainable development of tourist destination. The possible ways of financing and legal subordination of regional tourist destination management organizations according to legislation of Ukraine are considered and it is substantiated that these issues require deeper study and development of practical recommendations on implementation, as today there is no transparent system that would allow financing of non-state institution from state funds.
Digital marketing is any form of advertising, which utilizes digital mediums to offer goods or services to customers. Therefore, the businesses utilizing the internet for the promotions of their products and services, they are engaged in digital marketing. As we know that nowadays, no company can get success without digital marketing. As all of us recognize, the marketing industry is pretty dynamic and liable to change. By its very nature, it has to evolve to new technologies and consumer wishes. And now, we have a large alternate on the horizon that promises to shake up the advertising enterprise from top to bottom, along with several other industries as properly. We’re talking about the Blockchain. The technology has already made a few critical waves within the economic international. This article is an attempt to explain the role and impact of Blockchain in the digital marketing industry.
L. Horoshkova, Ievgen Khlobystov, Victoriya Trofymchuk
In work is proved, that it is impossible to ensure sustainability development of the state without creation of conditions of sustainability development of administrative - territorial units on the basis of model, which components is to economic, social and ecological structure by. The proved necessity of a concentration of attention on an ecological component. Is shown, that one of major ecological-economic tools of nature protection activity in Ukraine are the ecological tax and tax for pollution of an environment. By results of the analysis of dynamics of the tax for pollution of an environment is established, that last years the volumes of emissions of polluting substances have decreased. Is established, that the increase of volumes of the ecological tax in the incomes of the local budgets in 2015 is connected to the beginning of decentralization and brought in changes in the Tax code. Is proved, that the delay of rates of growth of receipt of the ecological tax in the local budgets is by a consequence of inefficient system of filling of the budgets of the incorporated territorial communities (ITC) and local budgets. The estimation a level of development of the economic mechanism of regulation and stimulation rational nature usage is carried out on the basis of parameters of nature protection financing. The analysis of dynamics of change of volumes of the charges on protection of an environment is carried out. Is established, that the charges of the budget of Ukraine grow by protection of environmental natural environment annually, but rates of this growth reduce meaning by the inflationary factors. Is established, that there is a delay of rates of financing from the state budget with simultaneous increase of financing from the local budgets. It has given the bases to assert, that created IТC more is weighed concern to ecological politics and necessity of financing of nature protection measures. The interrelation between receipt of the ecological tax in the budgets and dynamics of the charges on nature protection measures is investigated. Is established, that dynamics of receipt of the ecological tax in the budget does not coincide with dynamics of the charges of the budget on protection of an environment. It testifies to imperfection regulating mechanisms of ecological politics, both on the equal states, and at a level of separate territories. The necessity of development of the methodological approaches to a substantiation of effective directions of realization of state politics in sphere of protection an environment at a level IТC, recommendations for their scientific support, development of a complex of measures on their introduction and improvement of working organization-legal base is proved. The analysis of dynamics both sources financing of the capital and current investments in protection of an environment is carried out. Is shown, that dynamics of rates of growth of the capital investments is astable, owing to what there are no cardinal changes of an ecological situation in the country. Is shown, that the rates of growth of the current investments are insignificant, at a level of an official rate of inflation, which reduces their economic efficiency. The analysis of structure of sources financing of the capital and current investments in nature protection activity is carried out. The received results have confirmed the made conclusions concerning an inefficiency of state politics of realization of the capital investments in nature protection measures.
A. Goriacheva, N. Jakubenko, O. Pogodina, Dmitry S. Silnov
This article is devoted to the exploration of services of anonymizing transactions, based on the Mixer, CoinJoin and CoinSuffle technologies, as well as to the description of the core principles of operation of these technologies and technical details. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different realizations of this service. It formulates the problem of cryptocurrency laundering through anonymization services and offers solutions to this problem.Keywords: cryptocurrency, blockchain, bitcoin, mixing service, mining, money laundering.
Revealed a variety of approaches and concepts ethnogeny of the Ukrainian people in the context of its primary mentality. Within historiosophical Ukrainian mentality paradigm study describes key milestones ethnogeny of Ukrainians. Emphasized on the bright tilling discovered the nature of Tripoli culture — protocultural Ukrainian, which defined the original features of their mentality. Ants state is seen as the first proto-Ukrainian political community, which laid the mental qualities that find their further development in the political mentality of the Ukrainians: democracy, decentralization, regionalism and more. The article made the following conclusions. To solve the problem of Ukrainian ethnogeny finally and clearly, convincingly and consistently play its period features and is quite a difficult task given the complex dynamic processes ethnogeny. The process of the emergence of ethnicity is not always adequate and comprehensive reflection of scientific sources. But we can talk about the possibility and the need to find the most acceptable and scientifically correct hypotheses concerning Ukrainian ethnogeny. In this connection, the indigenous-origin Ukrainians autonomous version looks like is that most meets the requirements. Summarizing some moments Ukrainian ethnogeny should pay attention to the specific features of the formation of primitive mentality of pre Ukrainians who subsequently receive proper development of the mentality of the Ukrainian people. Prolonged existence of matriarchal clan system in the distant predecessors Ukrainian ensured the dominance of women in their mentality primary which is fixed at the time of Tripoli culture in the cult of the earth-mother, typical, however, for all grain-growing nations. Surely this time there is a future mental dominant Slavs — female archetype of the Earth Mother. The emergence of a day of metals territorial community where there is communal land ownership, and processing is carried out a separate family, on the one hand, determines saving big role family (actually a mother) in the education and life of a particular individual, and withother hand, reinforces sedentary, propensity to a certain piece of land that forms the mentality of a no-aggressive expansionist motivations and as a result — peacefulness. The latest feature best manifested in Ukrainian, which for all its history never won one but, however, were themselves the object of permanent conquest. The existence of modern Ukrainian territory ScythianSkolot, Ants States is representative of the capacity of the substrate to the proto-Ukrainian political organization. Study of the socio-political system Ants state, which M. S. Grushevsky generally believed the first Ukrainian state formation, and to determine certain characteristics of political mentality of their own immediate ancestors Ukrainian. The decisive role of tribal assembly, which later transformed into Kiev Rus in the council, shows immanence democratic guidelines original Ukrainian mentality. At the same time the actual exercise of functions among convening meetings of tribal council of elders, which often had the sole head — his head, which writes the same M. S. Grushevsky [6, p. 33], indicating both the propensity to collective forms of governance, and in disregard of the principle of autocracy and a mistrust or neglect their own authorities. The latter attitude will develop in a typical Ukrainian political mentality and will be called «egalitarian negativity» with respect to their political leaders and the political elite. Polycentric state system Ants state determines the political and mental focus our ancient predecessors decentralism that evolutionary regionalism to Ukrainian
Cătălina Liliana Andrei, BOGDAN OANCEA, TUDOREL ANDREI
Reforming the public health system is a complex and long process, involving different categories of people. To accelerate the process of integration into the European Union, Romania is currently implementing strategies and programs aimed to increase the quality of public services. In the medical field a series of measures have been undertaken aimed at accelerating the decentralization process and optimize the activities of medical institutions. During the transition period a series of measures have been taken to decentralization and privatization of health services. However, currently we are witnessing a fragmentation of the system, which stressed the inequality in the distribution of medical personnel and reduced people's access to certain types of medical services. Please note that the number of doctors per capita in rural areas is only 20% of the urban area. Another major shortcoming of the system is linked to the financing system and its correlation with the strategies of decentralization. Frequently, decentralization has emerged as a way of placing the central tasks in the task of local government. Using panel data from developing regions we highlight a number of implications of the decentralization process.