MIPT, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russian Federation, I. A. Fedotov, Anton Khritankov, HSE, Moscow, 115432, Russian Federation · 6 authors
One can use a multi-party agreement in distributed ledger systems and blockchain networks to reach an agreement on changes of the state of the system. If one of the network members proposes а transaction, then certain network participants shall confirm it. After that the whole network can consider transaction as a valid one. A multiparty agreement or consensus determines the composition of these participants. Based on the historical data set, one can calculate the probability of confirming a transaction for each of the participants. In this paper, we use a statistical model checking approach to determine the likelihood that the network accepts a transaction. Sending confirmation requests may require an additional fee. We calculate the probability, and the mathematical expectation of the number of messages before reaching a consensus. Further, consensus models are built in the form of a Markov chain with various strategies for sending messages. Based on the proposed methods, we design a tool that automatically builds models for various strategies of sending messages and verifies the model using a statistical model verification approach. After choosing the optimal model, one can send confirmation messages using the scheduler module of developed tool.
The mathematical model "Peer-to-peer distributed system for securable information storage and processing in enterprise networks" is described hereinafter. It is a versatile distributed operating system designed for the protection of distributed computing and insulation of private networks without restricting the possibilities of effective interactions, cryptographic security, protection from unauthorized access with the application of biometry and an innovative protocol of data exchange for topology control based on distributed ledger technology. The modeling was performed with the purpose of evaluation of performance of the system depending on productivity of the hardware of its nodes and the network's telecommunications equipment.
The increasing number of computationally intensive tasks induced by digital economy development (within the framework of implementing block-chain solutions, distributed ledgers, etc.) requires more and more computational resources. At the same time users tend to move the computational process to the cloud in order to minimize costs, and the owners of cloud services are forced to look for solutions to improve their efficiency. In this paper we consider approaches that allow optimize the use of parallel computing resources for incoming sets of resource-intensive tasks, analyze different approaches to the strategy of assigning tasks to computing resources. The results of modelling experiments are provided taking into account task distribution, parameterized by execution time limit within modeling the service level agreement with the user.
In the framework of creating a digital ecosystem of commercial real estate objects, the main problem is the formation of a digital environment for managing all components of engineering systems that ensure the vital activity of the real estate object. The aim of this work is to develop a system for accounting for mutual settlements for electricity consumed on the basis of a distributed ledger using blockchain technology. To assess the effectiveness of the system a simulation model was built using AnyLogic system. Based on the model the system architecture was designed and a software application of the distributed ledger was developed. Keywords- Blockchain technology, distributed ledger, simulation model, software application.
Abstract The paper proposes a new approach to constructing a decentralized hierarchical network of modular type for solving complex problems in the paradigm of training artificial neural networks (ANN) with a teacher. The main idea of the proposed approach to solving the problem is the formation of a system model in the form of a multilevel hierarchical network, consisting of typical autonomous modules built on an ANN of two configurations: а coordinator and a terminal model. The coordinator is a specially designed ANN, which forms, based on the target set of its level, the target set of the next subordinate level of the network hierarchy. The terminal model is a traditional ANN of any architecture and organization of the learning process. The proposed hierarchical structure of the network allows solving a complex initial problem asynchronously in time and in parallel in space, using distributed computing resources and geographically dispersed teams of researchers. The paper provides an example of numerical modeling that demonstrates the proposed approach for the synthesis of a multilevel hierarchical network and confirms all the declared and expected results of its use.
Advanced Data Processing Techniques
Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
Mahsud M. Sultanov, Yulia A. Gorban, A. A. Smirnov, Viktor A. Yurov
The article discusses ways to store data on reliability and safety indicators of energy equipment using distributed ledgers and centralized storage. Method of joint use of blockchain and software complex for centralized data storage is proposed. The work describes the composition of software developed to store information on reliability and safety indicators of power equipment throughout the life cycle - from production to decommissioning. This solution is based on various database management system for storing both relational data and measured parameters directly from the equipment, as well as a software interface for accessing data through the GraphQl query language.
Amir Makhmutov, Sergey Trishin, Konstantin Mironov, Alexey Vulfin
Abstract This paper describes the modeling of the industrial Internet-of-Things network for further exploration of its security properties. The goal is to increase the security of process control systems for industrial facilities based on the development of conceptual foundations, methodology, mathematical models, methods and software tools for comprehensive analysis and cyber security risk management of process control systems for industrial facilities using cognitive modeling technology and data mining. One specific task is modeling DLT implementation for industrial network. Common structure of the proposed modeling network is described. Example of smart contracts for the distributed ledger are presented. Performance of lightweight implementations for ciphers and hash functions are given.
Open access
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The article is devoted to the review of Blockchain technology capabilities. The article presents the main advantages and disadvantages of this technology that arise in the implementation of this decentralized system. The main threats of this technology, which slow down its implementation in modern society, are also considered. In addition, the problems of network scaling and 51% attack are considered.
This research proposes a new method of data synchronization between public blockchain networks and local machines. We discussed the proposed algorithm, and the mathematical model which achieves the shortest delay required for data synchronization. Tests were conducted to verify the correctness of the proposed model. Then a comparison is made with the current available classical synchronization methods. Suggested method may be useful for future DApps applications on Ethereum network.
P. S. Belyaev, Khu Ven–Tsen, Л Г Варепо, Zh. D. Iztayev · 6 authors
Development of conventional automated systems with a centralized structural organization, satisfying the applicable operational requirements in terms of an accurate solution to the control problem, speed and the required computing resources is usually difficult or impossible for such industrial facilities as complex reactor systems. This is explained by the fact that the emerging control problems are extremely complex due to the necessity of taking into account a large number of parameters that remain in diverse, numerous and complex relations. Hence, the creation of automated control systems based on the centralized principle of construction and holistic representation of the control object is often cost-intensive due to the need for significant computing resources to ensure its effective functioning. The elimination of these difficulties can be achieved by a structured representation of the reactor system and structuring the control problem. In such a case, this problem is assumed to be solved in the decentralized control system consisting of a set of local control systems that operate autonomously, and the coordinating body which correlates their functioning. The desired optimum for the reactor system as a whole is achieved as a result of information interchange between local control systems and the coordinating body. In the process of this interchange, local control systems solve optimization problems for individual elements of the reactor system taking into account the impacts of the coordinating body, while the coordinating body solves the global problem of the reactor system optimization as a whole by means of proper coordination of local problem solutions. The arising local optimization problems and the global coordination problem are much simpler than the initial problem of the reactor system control. Therefore, their solution is less expensive in terms of consumed computing resources. To realize the decentralized approach in this class of control objects, it seems appropriate to use a method of situational decomposition. This method provides ample opportunities for varying the control scheme, and it does not impose special requirements on the structure of the initial optimization problem as opposed to the classical decomposition methods. Verification of this assumption is performed through experimental research in the form of model reactor system control simulation with situational decomposition of the control problem.
The work out the developed method of interaction of components of distributed multi-level system of detection of malicious software on the basis of decentralized and self-organized architecture in local networks. Its feature is the synthesis of its requirements of distribution, decentralization, multilevel and self-organization. This allows you to use it autonomously. The basis of the distributed distributed system is its structural components, which are represented by autonomous software modules that can be in different states. The transition between module states is based on a defined set of transitions. Interaction and communication between autonomous software modules is based on their presence in certain states during operation and is determined by the rules of the developed method. Distributed system is a responsive system that will monitor selected events. Each program module places a resident mechanism, the motive mechanisms for the transition between states, the transitions between which are given by subsets of transitions, the data for which will be formed using the technologies of artificial intelligence. In addition, the feature of the components of the system is the same organization, which allows the exchange of knowledge in the middle of the system, which, unlike the known systems, allows us to use the knowledge gained by separate parts of our system in other parts. The developed system allows to fill it with subsystems of detection of various types of malicious software in local area networks. The method of interaction of components of a distributed multilevel detection system of malicious software provides a procedure for communication between parts of the system and the exchange of knowledge between them. It will be used to organize the interaction of system components and maintain its integrity. In order to solve the problem of the direct detection of malicious software in local area networks, methods will be applied that will be applied to the lower level of the system, which will include the architectural features of the distributed system and the technology of detecting the malicious software-based software. However, the developed method of interaction includes the ability to determine the state of a distributed multi-level system, depending on the states of individual modules, and on its basis, in accordance with it will be decided on the further operation of the system as a whole and its configuration. The method regulates the actions of the part of the system that relates to the bundling software of the distributed system. The conducted experiments on the use of the developed distributed system showed the possibility of attracting to the detection of the malicious software of computing power of 78 # 24 (2018) other hosts of the local network. The obtained results of experiments show an increase in the reliability of the detection of malicious software.
M. R. Biktimirov, A. V. Domashev, P.A. Cherkashin, A. Yu. Shcherbakov
The project elaboration of the configuration and mathematical model of distributed blockchain data storage, blockchain applications for implementing various information technologies, and blockchain requirements that stem from its analytical and structural features are considered.
Ховансков Сергей Андреевич, Румянцев Константин Евгеньевич, Хованскова Вера Сергеевна
There are many complex tasks with strict time limit solutions. To reduce the time for solving such problems and improve the security of computing process we propose a method of organizing distributed computing based on the scalable network. The Network is an unstable computing environment consisting of autonomous nodes. For the organization of computing network uses multi-agent system. Under the multi-agent system is a set of identical software modules located on network computers. During task all the agents in order to reduce solution time, form a decentralized system of management of distributed computing. This system allows for features such as dynamic optimization purposes of computing units computer tasks according to their computing resources, tracking progress of the task and, if necessary, reassign the processing load between nodes. This allows you to ensure the safety and persistence generated computing processes in a computer network.