Blockchain Papers

Ashutosh Kumar Rao, Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi, Manoj Kumar Shukla

No abstract is available for this record.

Giuseppe Spadavecchia, Marco Fiore, Marina Mongiello, Daniela De Venuto

The increase of Internet of Things devices has created new opportunities for collecting and processing data, but it also poses significant challenges in terms of management and security. Blockchain technology, originally introduced as the backbone of decentralized finance and payment systems, has evolved significantly since its inception. The immutability of stored data, achieved through cryptographic techniques and distributed consensus mechanisms, renders it particularly suitable for securing information across a network of interconnected devices, commonly referred to as nodes. Recent advancements, notably the introduction of Ethereum Blockchain, have broadened the scope of blockchain applications, popularizing concepts such as Smart Contracts and Non-Fungible Tokens, thus enabling greater flexibility for diverse use cases. This paper explores the utilization of a multi-layer blockchain-based architecture for temperature and humidity monitoring in a smart city environment. Building upon the foundational principles of blockchain technology, the proposed architecture leverages Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum blockchains, providing a robust framework for IoT data management. A practical implementation with a Raspberry Pi device is presented, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Mohammad Hijjawi, Faisal Jamil, Harun Jamil, Tariq Alsboui · 6 authors

The scientific community has recently focused on intelligent models for predicting and optimizing EV energy management. Despite numerous studies in energy management optimization, there’s a critical need to address the trade-off between energy consumption and occupant comfort. Existing IoT systems face challenges in data analytics security and authenticity, highlighting the need for contemporary models to overcome data privacy and cost-related issues. This study introduces a smart contract model based on optimization and control modules, aiming to manage energy consumption while satisfying user comfort requirements intelligently. Introducing a smart contract model with hierarchical layers—prediction, optimization, control, and Blockchain—the proposed approach intelligently manages energy consumption while meeting user comfort requirements. Utilizing a Kalman filter for prediction and the BAT algorithm for optimization, the model integrates modules to tailor user preferences and enhance comfort. The synergy between the optimization module and a convolutional FLC enhances system performance, ensuring minimized energy usage and elevated user comfort levels. The study also evaluates the model’s implementation of the Hyperledger Fabric network, assessing outcomes regarding caliper, latency, throughput, and resource utilization.

Syed Sarosh Mahdi, Zaib Ullah, Gopi Battineni, Muneer Gohar Babar · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Dr. Mrs. Yasmin Z. Shaikh

No abstract is available for this record.

Trishla Kumari, Rakesh Kumar, Rajendra Kumar Dwivedi

No abstract is available for this record.

Atta Rahman, Mohammed Almomen, Abdullah Albahrani, Abdullah H Alhamoud · 12 authors

In the past, healthcare industry used paper-based systems to manage and store medical records.However, these systems are vulnerable to data breaches, loss, and errors.To overcome these issues, a research study has been conducted to create a safe and efficient Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) system for healthcare using blockchain technology.The study utilized various tools and methods including Python as the programming language to implement the blockchain environment, the pyQT5 library for graphical user interface (GUI), and the MySQL database management system as a repository for Electronic Health Records (EHR) with DBeaver, a cross-platform tool for data management.The research work involves the development of a blockchain-based smart contract for the storage, exchange, and retrieval of EHR.Additionally, a Python application based on pyQT5 is created to provide users with a friendly GUI.The proposed blockchain-based healthcare system provides a secure and efficient platform for storing and managing EHR as well as enabling secure EDI among healthcare stakeholders like practices, doctors, labs, and pharmacies.Furthermore, the system is scalable and user-friendly, and includes various features like patient visits, history, practices, doctors, and appointment scheduling.Blockchain technology ensures EHR integrity, secure EDI, and confidentiality, while the user-friendly interface enhances the user experience compared to the existing EDI standards like health level 7 (HL7).

R. Thanga Selvi, R. Elakya, U. Vignesh

The utilization of electronic health record (EHR) has become common in the healthcare industry, enabling the storage and exchange of patients' medical information across different healthcare organizations. However, concerns regarding the security and privacy of patient data have arisen due to the centralized nature of conventional systems. To address these issues, a blockchain-based solution has been proposed to enhance data security and system efficiency. This chapter introduces a blockchain-based system designed to manage and secure patient data within a single record controlled by the patient. The Ethereum network was utilized to develop this decentralized system. The solution not only empowers users by granting them enhanced authority over their confidential information but also advocates for the incorporation of blockchain advancements within the healthcare domain. The proposed system offers improved data security and accessibility, addressing concerns related to the privacy and integrity of patient records in traditional EHR systems.

Piyush Kumar Pareek, E. Naresh, A. Ashwitha, A.B. Shashikala · 6 authors

Information about healthcare is crucial for both individuals and service providers. It is essential to increase the safe sharing and upkeep of electronic healthcare records (EHR). To communicate health data across healthcare stakeholders, EHR systems have traditionally depended on a centralized system (such as the cloud), which may have exposed undisclosed and secret persistent intelligence. EHR has had trouble addressing the needs of many participants and approaches in relationships of separation, security, and supplementary legal requirements. Blockchain is a distributed, decentralized journal system that can offer capabilities for safe, verified, and unchangeable data transfer. Blockchain uses consistent cryptographic techniques (hashes) to construct a distributed ledger system that enables distributed activity without the need for a central authority. Due to the immutability of a blockchain network, data exploitation is challenging and obvious. We provide a a blockchain-based architecture that uses the Proof of Stake (POS) cryptographic consensus mechanism to authenticate user identification and secure EHR exchange amongst multiple electronic healthcare systems. In order to safeguard the data that was outsourced This study suggests the use of Secure Partially Homomorphic Encryption (SPHE), which allows users to multiply and divide the ciphertext. The cloud environment&s;s access control policy is more adaptable. The results demonstrate that, in terms of superpower use, authenticity, and medical data protection, the suggested technique outperforms the alternatives.

Namrata Singh, Ayan Kumar Das, Ditipriya Sinha

No abstract is available for this record.

Zhengxian Jin

The rapid development of Bitcoin and blockchain technology is shocking. In the development of Bitcoin and other industries, machine learning has contributed a lot and has unlimited potential. It can not only analyze the data in the transaction process, but also bring security and predict the development trend of the market. The combination of multiple technologies promotes the efficiency of Bitcoin transactions, and provides effective support for making correct decisions, which is enough to show that financial technology can still undergo unpredictable changes in the next stage of development. In this research, the application of machine learning technology in the development of Bitcoin is analyzed in depth, especially in improving efficiency, improving intelligent contracts, monitoring transactions and so on. Through the analysis, efficiency and prediction accuracy of the model will change positively because of the application of algorithm and data processing technology. This study also points out the significance of protecting user privacy and enhancing data security, which brings effective strategies for the development of Bitcoin technology, the wide use of encryption technology and the improvement of regulatory efficiency, and fully taps the potential of machine learning.

Sagar Kumar Satpathi, Yash Jain, Aryan Shrivastav, Er. Nisha Rathore

Blockchain technology, initially designed as the underlying infrastructure for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, has evolved into a transformative force with applications across multiple industries. This research paper explores the fundamental principles of blockchain, emphasizing its decentralized and secure nature. It delves into the concept of distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and consensus algorithms, which enable tamper-resistant and transparent data management. The paper discusses real-world applications, including supply chain management, healthcare, finance, and more, showcasing how blockchain is reshaping these sectors. Additionally, it examines challenges, such as scalability and regulatory concerns, and offers insights into the technology's potential future impact.

N. Mangala, Naveen D.R., B. Eswara Reddy, Rajkumar Buyya · 7 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

M. Vijayanand, R. Rama Kishore, Tantri Keerthi Dinesh

The top preeminence of the current healthcare system is the direct supply of medications amongst the manufacturer supply unit to the consumer. The pharmaceutical medication supply chain mechanism embraces a huge number of stakeholders, inclusive of distributors, product suppliers, retailer, medicine dealers and consumers. Today, forecasting ahead of time is also compelling and essential. Although it has becoming harder to track down the origin of raw materials and keep track of commodities as they move through the supply chain network, this has created chances for fake goods to join the real supply chain. Thus, to elevate and parlay the trackable goods in the pharmaceutical drug business logistics management using blockchain technology and machine learning. Blockchain is a sort of distributed ledger (DLT) that maintains an unchangeable record of all transaction data which is stored in Ethereum network that is transparent to all stakeholders and cannot be manipulated or changed. Implementing a blockchain-based machine learning system will provide the pharmaceutical industry with the tools necessary to improve drug traceability throughout the supply chain, leading to more efficient and secure healthcare in India.

Lavina Balraj, A. Prasanth, K.K. Devi Sowndarya, T. Kuntavai

In today’s world, there will probably be an enormous rise in the volume of data sensed by sensors on the Internet of Things-enabled Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN). The sensed data from sensor nodes is gathered and transmitted to the sink. These sensor nodes suffer from several consequences including security, transparency, trust, and immutability. Furthermore, other technical impairments like computation, storage of sensed data, privacy, and energy conservation enhance the issues of the IWSN. To overcome this, a novel Blockchain Interplanetary File Access Control System (BIFACS) has been proposed to manage intelligent autonomous access control for IWSN. Efficient data security and data transmission can be achieved in the proposed scheme by using the BIFACS algorithms. Further, the proposed scenario is implemented in the Solidity programming language and deployed on the local Ethereum. The efficacy of the proposed system has been analyzed based on computing, storage, and network performance.

Abdulkadir Taşdelen

Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that allows digital information to be recorded, stored and shared securely and transparently. It is achieved through a network of computers that verify and record transactions, using cryptographic algorithms to ensure the integrity and security of the data. Blockchain technology was created in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto to record and verify transactions without a central authority. In 2014, Ethereum was introduced, allowing developers to create and deploy decentralized applications on top of the blockchain. Since then, blockchain technology has evolved and found new use cases in industries such as finance, supply chain management, healthcare, and voting systems. There are four types of blockchain: including public, private, hybrid, and consortium blockchains. Public blockchains are open networks that anyone can join and participate in, while private blockchains are closed networks that are only accessible to a select group of people or organizations. Hybrid blockchains combine the features of two or more types of blockchains. Consortium blockchains are a hybrid of public and private blockchains. The choice of which type to use will depend on the specific needs and goals of the project or application. Blockchain technology has a bright future ahead of it, with many of possible uses and room for innovation. Increased adoption, interoperability, scaling, decentralized finance, and environmental sustainability are a few of them. Ultimately, the development of new applications and use cases, growing adoption, and ongoing innovation will likely define the future of blockchain technology.

Aifang Zhang

The safety and security of e-commerce transactions are critical in today's digital landscape, where cyber risks abound. Blockchain technology's decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledger system offers a viable solution to these concerns. This study investigates the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), specifically Decentralized Identifiable Distributed Ledger Technology (DIDLT), in conjunction with the innovative Blockchain Consent Algorithm (BCA), to improve the safety and security of e-commerce transactions. Secure data storage and retrieval in e-commerce can be achieved by accurate digital signature production, key generation, blockchain building, and validation. This paper investigates how DIDLT, which combines decentralized identity management with blockchain technology, and BCA, a cutting-edge consensus algorithm designed for blockchain environments, work together to protect e-commerce transactions from identity theft, payment fraud, and data manipulation. This paper throws insight into DIDLT and BCA's potential to transform the e-commerce safety and security market by providing an in-depth analysis of their implementation. Using the incorporated DIDLT-BCA model significantly improves the safety effectiveness of the network, resulting in 98% security, shorter performance times of as much as 150 milliseconds, and mining times of up to 0.98 s.

A. Senthilselvi, Aniket Kumar, Bharathwaj, Manoharan Charan Kumar · 5 authors

This research possesses the potential of two emerging technologies – Machine Learning and Blockchain, to tackle the challenges in the educational sector. Our main objective is to establish an optimized and secured system for career recommendations for student based on their educational data, ensuring the data management and storage is done through blockchain technology. The paper envisions a ecosystem that has capability to guide students toward career pathways precisely aligned with their unique skill sets and aspirations.

Yuva Krishna Aluri, Sravani Katlagunta, Thanusri Musunuru, Anusha Mylarapu · 6 authors

The current healthcare ecosystem often faces challenges such as data breaches, unauthorized access, data silos, and difficulties in tracking and verifying medical device supply chains. These issues pose a threat to patient confidentiality, trust in healthcare data, and the efficiency of healthcare operations. To address these challenges, a proposed model introduces a unique approach to bolstering the security and efficiency of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in healthcare through the use of advanced cryptographic techniques. Specifically, the model utilizes a heavy computation algorithm known as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for packet verification in IoT devices. In addition to ECC, the model incorporates Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) for verification, providing a lighter alternative to ECC. ZKP works by signing the input messages and subsequently verifying the data, offering a robust security measure. The implementation strategy involves simulating IoT sensors, each equipped with ECC and Zero Knowledge proof capabilities for enhanced security.

Alireza Rouhanian, Mehdi Ghafari, Gevork B. Gharehpetian, Reza Asaadi · 6 authors

This study investigates the practicability of employing renewable energy sources to meet the power requirements of a geographically isolated Bitcoin mining farm. The study addresses the growing global energy demand, the environmental impacts associated with conventional energy sources, and the depletion of finite fossil fuel resources, thereby fostering an increased interest in sustainable energy alternatives. The authors carefully analyze the challenges of integrating wind turbines and solar panels into the energy supply infrastructure for Bitcoin mining operations, considering the intermittency of renewable energy sources, geographical considerations, and the economic feasibility of such an endeavor. Furthermore, the paper comprehensively analyzes the technical and economic aspects of this integrated system, encompassing the selection of energy-efficient mining equipment, solutions for energy storage, grid integration, and forecasting Bitcoin prices. The research outcomes offer valuable insights into the potential use of renewable energy sources to power Bitcoin mining activities, particularly in remote or isolated areas. Furthermore, the study explores the environmental benefits of using renewable energy for Bitcoin mining, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Additionally, the research examines the regulatory landscape surrounding Bitcoin mining and the integration of renewable energy, and discusses potential challenges and opportunities associated with it.

Özlem Sabuncu, Bülent Bilgehan

No abstract is available for this record.

Elham Fazel, Mahmoud Zahedian Nezhad, Javad Rezazadeh, Marjan Moradi · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Sajeesh Eringotkavil Raman, D. Venkatramaraju

In order to improve the safety and openness of transactions, particularly in the context of dairy supply chains, this study incorporates cutting-edge cryptographic and consensus techniques into the IOTA Tangle. The major objective is to improve upon the Tangle agreement method, the method used to reach agreement on the IOTA Tangle, by including novel techniques such MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) Tip Selection. The purpose of this enhancement is to improve the speed and accuracy of validating Tangle transactions. IOTA Proof of Work (PoW) and the Curl-P Hash Function are being investigated for their potential to strengthen the Tangle's cryptographic underpinnings and hence make it a more secure distributed ledger. The primary goal of this study is to develop a protocol for honest dealings that can be used to safeguard and track the origin of dairy products all along their supply chains. This study is unusual since it is the first to do such a thorough analysis of these cryptographic and consensus components, providing insights into their synergistic ability to solve security issues and guarantee transaction integrity in real-world applications.

Rishabh Rajavardhan Singh Rishabh Ratnesh Singh

Fictitious products have emerged as a substantial challenge in the manufacturing sector, inflicting adverse consequences on a company's financial health, reputation, and overall prosperity. Thankfully, blockchain technology provides an effective remedy for discerning fake items and verifying the legitimacy of authentic ones, all within a decentralized and widely distributed digital ledger. Quick Response (QR) codes serve as pivotal tools in the fight against fictitious goods, as each product is now furnished with a QR code that acts as a direct bridge to the blockchain system, essentially bestowing each item with a digital identification card. QR code scanners communicate with the blockchain to promptly validate whether a product is genuine or fictitious. Moreover, customers can harness this technology to track a product's journey through the supply chain and authenticate ownership details, akin to a digital breadcrumb trail that securely preserves product information and unique codes as database blocks. Considering the globalized business landscape and the perpetual advancements in technology, industrial manufacturers and distributors are wholeheartedly committed to optimizing their supply chain processes, ensuring they remain one step ahead of fictitious product proliferation and fortifying their operations against the dissemination of spurious items. In this paper we compare Different Fake product identification Methods like Barcodes, QR Codes, RFID Tags, Serial numbers with methods using Blockchain technology which is having high security, transferability & traceability throughout Supply Chain.