The U.S. Navy seeks to leverage emerging technologies to manage massive amounts of data from multiple geographically separated systems. It is aware of the importance of data usage and data transfer in supporting its operations. Data management requires a data transfer system that is safe, fast, and scalable. Autonomous Navy Unclassified Software Distribution (ANUSD) is an application for delivering software to all nodes on the Navy's enterprise network based on blockchain technology. Blockchain is the right candidate and emerging solution to ensure the triad of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In this thesis, we perform a comparison of public blockchain and private blockchain with the aim of determining which one would perform better in conjunction with ANUSD. We used an IBM Hyperledger (private blockchain) network and an Ethereum blockchain (public blockchain) network as the basis of the comparative analysis of their latency and scalability. We compared the transactions per second (TPS) achieved with Ethereum against that of Hyperledger with the ANUSD application installed. The results showed that as we scaled up the Ethereum network, there was a significant increase in TPS. In contrast, increasing scalability did not have a significant impact on TPS for the Hyperledger network.
Iván García‐Magariño, Moustafa M. Nasralla, Shah Nazir
Real-time data management analytics involve capturing data in real-time and, at the same time, processing data in a light way to provide an effective real-time support. Real-time data management analytics are key for supporting decisions of business intelligence. The proposed approach covers all these phases by (a) monitoring online information from websites with Selenium-based software and incrementally conforming a database, and (b) incrementally updating summarized information to support real-time decisions. We have illustrated this approach for the investor–company field with the particular fields of Bitcoin cryptocurrency and Internet-of-Things (IoT) smart-meter sensors in smart cities. The results of 40 simulations on historic data showed that one of the proposed investor strategies achieved 7.96% of profits on average in less than two weeks. However, these simulations and other simulations of up to 69 days showed that the benefits were highly variable in these two sets of simulations (respective standard deviations were 24.6% and 19.2%).
U. Palani, Sure Sai Mahesh, D. Vasanthi, D. Sathish Kumar
Thirty-five % of the US population is affected by data breach occurred in the healthcare industry. It is a total of 114 million people affected in 2015. On average of 4 data breaches happens per week. Health care industry is losing 300 billion dollars each year in poor data integration. we can overcome this problem by bringing a decentralized system in the hospital organization. This prototype helps us to stop and prevent data breaching in the health care industry and to remove fake patient IDs in the hospital data base.
William Villegas-Ch, Xavier Palacios-Pacheco, Milton Román Cañizares
Currently, universities, as centers of research and innovation, integrate in their processes various technologies that allow improving services and processes for their members. Among the innovative technologies are the Internet of Things that, through a variety of devices, allows obtaining data from the environment and people. This information is processed in cloud computing models and Big Data architectures that obtain knowledge through data analysis. These results lead to improving processes and making better decisions that improve the services available at the university. The integration of technologies allows for the generation of a sustainable environment that seeks the cohesion of the population with the environment, in such a way that economic growth is guaranteed in balance with the environment. However, all technology needs to guarantee the security of processes and data, and for this purpose, a new technology such as blockchain is integrated, which seeks to respond to two needs, the security and agility of processes. Integrating this technology in a university requires the analysis of the blockchain components to generate a new layer that adapts to the architecture of a university campus. This ensures that the data are kept cryptographically private to avoid exposure and that the entire process is verified by multiple blocks.
Blockchain technology presents significant potential along with risk. The blockchain technology transformation framework informs decision makers on how blockchain fits in their processes, what data will be in the transactions, and who the participants will be, allowing users to lower risks and increase their chances for a successful blockchain solution.
Blockchain technology has garnered much hype since the introduction of Bitcoin, but over a decade later, the technology is still lacking mature use cases outside that of cryptocurrencies. This paper makes use of a systematic literature review to identify non-cryptocurrency use cases of blockchain to establish an overview of existing or hypothesized solutions using the technology. The identified use cases are subsequently assessed on their technology readiness level (TRL) using the guidance of established research [1] to determine the maturity of individual blockchain solutions described in peer-reviewed literature. By categorizing the individual use cases into groups, a generalized assessment of maturity for different application areas is assessed for blockchain technology. The literature review and subsequent estimation of TRL revealed that there are highly mature blockchain use cases, although they are quite limited in terms of industry-wide utility. As an example, the Everledger use case has tracked over two million diamonds and is estimated to be TRL 9 (the highest level) in the specific scope of diamond provenance tracking, but other luxury-tracking blockchain initiatives are years behind this [2].
Thomas Ankenbrand, Denis Bieri, Roland Cortivo, Johannes Hoehener · 5 authors
Developments in the distributed ledger technology have led to new types of assets with a broad range of purposes. Although some classification frameworks for common instruments from traditional finance and some for these new, so-called cryptographic assets already exist and are used, a holistic approach to integrate both worlds is missing. The present paper Our research is part of the FinTech programme supported by Finnova, Inventx, Swiss Bankers Prepaid Services, and Swisscom. fills this research gap by identifying 14 attributes, each of which is assigned different characteristics, that can be used to classify all types of assets in a structured manner. Our proposed taxonomy, which is an extension of existing classification frameworks, summarises these findings in a morphological box and is tested for practicability by classifying exemplary assets like cash and bitcoin. The final classification framework can help to ensure that the various stakeholders, such as investors or supervisors, have a consistent view of the different types of assets, and in particular of their characteristics, and also helps to establish standardised terminology.
Roger Bons, Johan Versendaal, Liudmila Zavolokina, Weidong Shi
New ways to organize economic activities are emerging, facilitated by Blockchain technology or the broader term Distributed Ledger Technology. Blockchains consist of dynamic shared ledgers that can be applied to ensure transparency and traceability and to save time when recording transactions between parties, remove costs associated with intermediaries (or, according to Nakamoto ( 2008 ), remove the need for intermediaries altogether), while enabling the introduction of pseudonymous parties on the Internet. First, and probably the most known application of blockchain technology, is cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. It has taken businesses and industries some time to recognize that the underlying technology of Bitcoin could be the next wave for disruption of their existing business models. All too often, the focus of the media coverage is on the connection of cyber-currencies to criminal activities or on the highly speculative nature of their exchange rates and issues with coin exchanges.
Blockchain technologies provide a platform for a new wave of project management systems, providing managers with a range of characteristics, capabilities, and feature sets to aid their praxis as they engage in increasingly complex processes and projects. This paper presents an explorative case-study in which open-ended interviews are conducted with practicing project managers. The interviews are analysed to understand currently deployed project management tools, technologies, and methods and to contextualise how blockchain based systems may allow for improvments. Five constructs emerge: transparency, control, dynamic status updating, incentives, and trust. Feedback suggests blockchain based alternatives could offer significantly better performance within each of these constructs, and thus should be explored as the technological backbone to the next generation of project management systems.
Tadas Limba, Andrejus Novikovas, Andrius Stankevičius, Antanas Andrulevičius · 5 authors
Two mainstream topics have been widely discussed over the past few years: ways to reduce the human impact on nature and the way that the industrial revolution 4.0 changes industries. The aim of this research topic is to analyse the positive and negative factors of big data implementation in the sector of cryptocurrency (as part of the industrial revolution 4.0) and in the sector of municipal waste management. The analysis reveals the differences and similarities between the cryptocurrency and municipal waste management sectors in the context of big data. The findings are significant for the estimation of the technological development of digitalized and non-digitalized sectors.
Blockchain is a developing innovation that can possibly reform the worldwide business and make a confided in relationship in a multi-party business organize. Square chain is one of the steadiest open records that jelly exchange data, and is hard to produce. Since, the data put away in square chain is not identified with by and by recognizable data, it has the attributes of namelessness. There are various reasonable use situations where blockchain has been applied. All through the instructive course, students get different sort of execution certificates, score transcripts, marksheets and so on which can turn into a critical ascribe for having admissions to new schools or new works. Because of hostile to manufacture mechanism, its simple to make fraud documents. So, as to take care of the issue of falsifying testaments, the advanced authentication framework dependent on blockchain innovation would be proposed. By the unmodifiable property of blockchain, the computerized authentication with hostile to fake and unquestionable status could be made. Through the unmodifiable properties of the blockchain, the framework not just improves the believability of different paper-based endorsements, yet additionally electronically decreases the misfortune dangers of different sorts of authentications.
Critical infrastructure sectors are increasingly adopting enterprise Distributed Ledgers (DL) to host long-term assets, systems, and information that is considered vital to an organization’s ability to operate without clear or public plans and strategies to migrate safely and timely to Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC). A quantum computer (QC) compromised DL would allow, eavesdropping, unauthorized client authentication, signed malware, cloak-in encrypted session, a man-in-the-middle attack (MITM), forged documents and emails. These attacks can lead to disruption of service, damage of reputation and trust, injury to human life, and the loss of intellectual property, assets, regulated data, and global economic security. In 2018, Gartner revealed that a QC is a digital disruption that organizations may not be ready and prepared, and CIOs may not see coming. On September 18, 2019, IBM announced the largest universal QC available for commercial use would be available in October 2019. On October 23, 2019, Google officially announced “Quantum Supremacy,” “by performing a calculation in 200 seconds that would take a classical supercomputer approximately 10,000 years.” DL Cyber Resilience requires “reasonable” measures, policies, procedures, strategies, and risk management before large-scale deployment. Cyber Resilience implementations must be a critical component during the design and building phase, or during the initialization phase. The most significant existing attack vectors for enterprise DLs is the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which is fundamental in securing the Internet and enterprise DLs and is a core component of authentication, data confidentiality, and data and system integrity [1] [2]. Effectively implementing and managing a quantum-resistant PKI solution requires adherence to PKI standards, industry requirements, potential government mandates, certificate management policies, training personnel, and data recovery policies that currently do not exist. This research discusses security risks in enterprise DL PKI, areas that can be compromised, and provides an idea of what should be in a PKI DL Risk Management Framework plan.
Daniel Ruzza, Francesca Dal Mas, Maurizio Massaro, Carlo Bagnoli
Blockchain is considered as one of the most disruptive technologies, with an estimated growth from USD 1.2 billion in 2018 to USD 23.3 billion by 2023 worldwide. Blockchain has the potential to disrupt all business activities as much as the internet, social media, and mobile technologies did in the past. It enhances the creation of new business models, and forces organizations to work differently. The chapter aims to analyze the potentiality and the effects of blockchain on current and future business models from an intellectual capital perspective, by applying a Structured Literature Review (SRL) on the most recent scientific as well as professional production on the topic. The findings highlight how the design principles of blockchain technology can enhance the intellectual capital of an organization, as well as lead to a business model innovation.
Decentralized applications development on the Ethereum platform is becoming very popular in last few years. However, it requires developer to have knowledge and skills to integrate large number of components, such as smart contracts programming, IPFS decentralized storage, RPC calls or True for smart contracts management and various JavaScript libraries (e.g. Web3.js, TrueContract, JS-IPFS). This makes the development process very complex and dicult. At the same time, the developer has multiple front-end frameworks available, which however lack the ability to easily integrate the majority of previously mentioned components. To solve this problem, there are integration tools which address above issues and are intended to support a comprehensive development of decentralized applications (e.g. Drizzle, Vortex, Web3-React). The paper focuses on these integration tools and analyses the code complexity of decentralized application development using such tools. The analysis of code complexity was performed using multiple code complexity metric assessment methods.
Charla Griffy‐Brown, Howard Miller, Vincent Zhao, Demetrios Lazarikos · 5 authors
Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and distributed ledger continue to transform businesses, enabling new value creation in transformative ways. Their potential social impacts create risks. These risks are not easily identified or evaluated making it difficult to address them. There are upside and downside risks. Business leaders from companies deploying these technologies are initially interviewed. Development and preliminary testing of three different risk optimization models using scenario analysis data are informed by this information. Using this analysis, we introduce the foundations for a risk model and potentially a dashboard that executives could use to consider these technologies.
Julio Moreno, Manuel Serrano, Eduardo B. Fernández, Eduardo Fernández‐Medina
Big data ecosystems are increasingly important for the daily activities of any type of company. They are decisive elements in the organization, so any malfunction of this environment can have a great impact on the normal functioning of the company; security is therefore a crucial aspect of this type of ecosystem. When approaching security in big data as an issue, it must be considered not only during the creation and implementation of the big data ecosystem, but also throughout its entire lifecycle, including operation, and especially when managing and responding to incidents that occur. To this end, this paper proposes an incident response process supported by a private blockchain network that allows the recording of the different events and incidents that occur in the big data ecosystem. The use of blockchain enables the security of the stored data to be improved, increasing its immutability and traceability. In addition, the stored records can help manage incidents and anticipate them, thereby minimizing the costs of investigating their causes; that facilitates forensic readiness. This proposal integrates with previous research work, seeking to improve the security of big data by creating a process of secure analysis, design, and implementation, supported by a security reference architecture that serves as a guide in defining the different elements of this type of ecosystem. Moreover, this paper presents a case study in which the proposal is being implemented by using big data and blockchain technologies, such as Apache Spark or Hyperledger Fabric.
Blockchain technology is most likely to change the next decade of business.It enables transfer of digital property from one Internet user to another in a secure way without any intermediaries.The consequences of this breakthrough technology have a vast potential in all areas of business.Information Technology (IT) provides ready to use, end-to-end solutions and allow small businesses to focus on their core business.Recent innovations in IT have positively impacted businesses.With the emergence of blockchain technology, the convergence of telecom and computing is finally reaching maturity in a unified platform for doing business in the 21 st century.In this paper, we study the various ways in which blockchain technology can help small businesses and propose a framework that helps in choosing the appropriate blockchain application in the context of business process reengineering.
The Internet of things (IoT) Internet of Things (IoT) is considered a key driving force of what the JapaneseJapan government refers to as Society 5.0Society5.0, the image of an ideal future society that the JapaneseJapan government currently advocates. Society 5.0Society5.0 is defined as “a human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that integrates cyberspace and physical spacePhysical space.” According to the government, “In Society 5.0Society5.0, a huge amount of information from sensorsSensors in physical spacePhysical space is accumulated in cyberspace.
The three cutting-edge technologies virtual reality, blockchain, and 5G have increasingly attracted public attention. While virtual reality became a popular concept in the 1990s, recent technological advances and decreased costs have created a resurgence in the technology. With significant funding and early adoption, blockchain and 5G have begun to make their mark on the world. Each technology alone may disrupt business and society, but, together, they provide multiple opportunities. In this paper, we summarize a 2018 Association for Information Systems Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) panel session with IS researchers and industry practitioners that tackled important topics related to these technologies. In particular, the panel made the case for IS research that focuses on topics that emerge when these technologies intersect. Each panelist presented their perspectives based on their experience and knowledge along with current issues and future directions. This topic has significant business implications as practitioners continue to note their advancements and develop strategies to adapt in a rapidly changing environment. The topic also has implications for future research as these technologies continue to become more prevalent.