In today’s interconnected digital era, email stands as a primary platform for communication across various fields, such as business, academia, and personal interactions. Since it operates on shared mediums, email is inherently susceptible to interception and misuse of sensitive information. To cover this issue, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) ensures the confidentiality of email contents. However, while PGP effectively encrypts the body of messages, a significant vulnerability emerges during key sharing. Blockchain technology comes with its immutability aspect. Once data is embedded into the blockchain, modifying it becomes exceedingly challenging. This makes it a potential safeguard against the vulnerabilities in PGP’s key sharing mechanism. Additionally, smart contracts remove the requirement of a Man-in-the-Middle for sharing key, which enhances the sharing key’s security and builds trust among users. In this paper, we integrate the strengths of blockchain into the PGP encryption process, specifically targeting the key sharing vulnerability. Also, we adopt Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to ensure the confidentiality of the PGP’s key. First, generate the PGP’s key. Then, encrypt it using ECC. After that, deploy a smart contract and continue with the encrypted PGP’s key transactions in blockchain networks. Through this integration, we aim to enhance the security, ensuring both confidentiality and integrity of the PGP’s key. We demonstrated that the proposed system is workable by experimental observation.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In recent times, the proliferation of fake certificates has become a growing concern, undermining the credibility of educational and professional qualifications. This paper presents a system based on blockchain designed to avoid the issuance and circulation of counterfeit certificates using Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Using the unchangeable and see-through nature of blockchain technology, the proposed system ensures secure verification and authentication of certificates. By employing NFTs, each certificate is tokenized, making it unique, indivisible, and tamper-resistant. The system provides a robust and trustworthy platform for institutions, employers, and individuals to eradicate the menace of fake certificates, promoting trust and integrity in the certification ecosystem.
User Authentication and Security Systems
Biometric Identification and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Mehak Zia, Muhammad Kamran, Naeem Aslam, Muhammad Fuzail
Smart contracts, a unique form of blockchain technology, enable financial transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. However, the blockchain paradigm's decentralized structure raises security concerns and has been linked to significant financial losses. Contrary to typical financial entities, Ethereum lacks centralized controls to solve these challenges. These problems have been addressed and Ethereum's security has been enhanced by symbolic execution, which has grown to be a well-known technique for guaranteeing programme integrity. The security of the blockchain can be improved more efficiently by using this method to assess Ethereum's security and identify areas that require the attention of security experts.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In order to improve the secure transfer of sensitive data, this paper investigates the integration of blockchain, steganography, and optimization algorithms. By obscuring data within files, boosting anonymity in blockchain transactions, and enabling watermarking for evidence of ownership, steganography enhances blockchain. By concealing access credentials, it protects document exchange and guarantees data integrity for IoT. Steganography and blockchain work together to improve data security and privacy. A strong solution is put forth by combining these technologies to guarantee the integrity and security of information across a range of sectors. Using steganography and optimization, this method efficiently hides data while also utilizing the security and transparency of blockchain technology. Together, these techniques provide a promising way to handle and send private information securely, especially when it comes to the medical industry. It strengthens the overall security of sensitive medical data transfer by utilizing optimization-based embedding within a blockchain architecture to assure data safety, verifiability, and patient confidentiality. Also parametric assessment of the framework utilized in the current standard techniques is also the part of this study. The proposed method produced a correlation coefficient and PSNR for the Salt and Pepper noise that were, respectively, 0.89 and 52.0.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
This paper introduces an approach to detect a thief’s wallet by analyzing linked transactions connected to centralized exchanges mandating KYC verification. The proposed methods are designed to provide valuable insights into the intricate flow of funds and the behavioral patterns of malicious actors, explicitly focusing on thieves. By inputting a thief’s wallet address, our analysis examines associated transactions, capturing vital details such as the amount of Ethereum (ETH) transferred and all related transactions, including those involving ERC-20 tokens. The primary objective is comprehending the money flow among different addresses, emphasizing wallets interacting with centralized exchanges. By monitoring the movements of ETH and ERC-20 tokens, this analysis aims to identify suspicious transactions and uncover behavioral patterns indicative of illicit activities. Leveraging this analytical approach, we can track the thief’s identity, making a substantial contribution to the prevention and detection of cryptocurrency theft, thus ensuring the security of blockchain ecosystems.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
RaghunadhaReddi Dornala, Sudhir Ponnapalli, KalakotiThriveni Sai
The rapid growth of edge computing and the increasing adoption of block-chain technology have led to the emergence of block-chain-based applications at the edge. However, ensuring security in such edge applications poses unique challenges due to the distributed nature of edge devices and the inherent vulnerabilities of block-chain networks. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a novel load-balancing (NLB) approach for enhancing blockchain security in edge applications. Firstly, the study investigates the security vulnerabilities of blockchain networks deployed at the edge. It analyzes the potential threats such as Sybil attacks, double-spending attacks, and collusion attacks that can exploit the distributed nature of edge devices. The research also explores the limitations of existing load-balancing techniques in ensuring security in edge applications. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, a novel load-balancing approach is proposed. The system leverages machine learning algorithms and block-chain consensus mechanisms to distribute computational tasks across edge devices securely. By considering the trustworthiness and capabilities of individual edge devices, the load-balancing algorithm optimizes the allocation of functions, minimizing the risk of malicious attacks. Furthermore, the proposed approach incorporates a reputation system that evaluates the behavior and reliability of edge devices based on their past performance. The effectiveness of the proposed load-balancing approach is evaluated through extensive simulations and comparative analysis with existing load-balancing techniques. The results demonstrate that the novel approach significantly improves the security and performance of block-chain in edge applications, effectively mitigating the impact of various attacks and ensuring reliable and secure data processing at the edge.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Payment channel hubs (PCHs) serve as a promising solution to achieving quick off-chain payments between pairs of users. They work by using an untrusted tumbler to relay the payments between the payer and payee and enjoy the advantages of low cost and high scalability. However, the most recent privacy-preserving payment channel hub solution that supports variable payment amounts suffers from limited unlinkability, e.g., being vulnerable to the abort attack. Moreover, this solution utilizes zero-knowledge proofs, which bring huge costs on both computation time and communication overhead. Therefore, how to design PCHs that support variable amount payments and unlinkability, but reduce the use of huge-cost cryptographic tools as much as possible, is significant for the large-scale practical applications of off-chain payments.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
The Information Age, embraced by the 21st century, has seen the rapid adoption of new technologies, including in the election process. However, the security and transparency of both voters and their votes remain a concern with the centralized traditional system. The database can be tampered with, vote rigging, hacking, and booth capturing are possible. Blockchain technology provides a solution based on a decentralized and distributed system, where the database is controlled and owned by multiple users. E-voting is a quick, inexpensive, and effective way to cast a vote. Our proposed V2E system uses a Peer-to-peer network that enhances accountability and security. We will employ distributed ledger technologies to prevent vote faking and design a user credential model based on cryptographically secure Hash Functions to provide authenticity and non-repudiation. Since votes will be updated synchronously to the ledger, vote rigging, hacking, or system destruction will be nearly impossible.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Spam and Phishing Detection
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Several countries have been researching digital voting methods in order to overcome the challenges of paper balloting and physical voting. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has compelled the remote implementation of existing systems and procedures. Online voting will ultimately become the norm just like unified payments interface (UPI) payments and online banking. With digital voting or electronic voting (e-voting) a small bug can cause massive vote rigging. E-voting must be honest, exact, safe, and simple. E-voting is vulnerable to malware, which can disrupt servers. Blockchain’s end-to-end validation solves these problems. Three smart contracts-voter, candidate, and voting-are employed. The problem of fraudulent actions is addressed using vote coins. Vote coins indicate voter status. Sidechain technology complements blockchain. Sidechains improve blockchain functionality by performing operations outside of blockchains and delivering the results to the mainchain. Thus, storing the encrypted vote on the sidechain and using the decrypted result on the mainchain reduces cost. Building access control policies to grant only authorized users’ access to the votes for counting is made simpler by this authorization paradigm. Results of the approach depict the proposed e-voting system improves system security against replay attacks and reduces the processing cost as well as processing time.
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Ethereum developed the idea of a decentralized application to benefit from the capabilities of blockchain technology. Even though blockchain is one of the most talked-about topics in the IT industry right now, most of it is about cryptocurrency hype and its limited application. On the Ethereum platform, decentralized applications can be developed and tested with the help of the Ethereum virtual computer. As more smart contracts are added, it gets stronger. The process of writing code into the blockchain is known as a smart contract. To protect the blockchain&s;s integrity, smart contracts establish a virtual contract between the owner and the user. The contract must be accepted by all users. Transactions on the blockchain are governed using smart contracts. Although electronic voting is popular, it is essential to have a trustworthy and secure online voting platform. A transparent and decentralized voting platform is in high demand in a democratic democracy. An electronic voting platform needs to be safe, offer one vote per person, be open, and be simple to use. Ethereum and its extensive network are the best platforms for developing such applications. We are working on a decentralized, Blockchain-based electronic voting system as part of this project. Several nodes store the voting information of users, and if one node fails or is unavailable, users can retrieve their voting information from other operating nodes. Voting information were managed in a single server in the previous centralized server, and if this server was hacked or went down, all voting details would be inaccessible, and this server might be attacked or hacked, altering vote counting data. Immutable data storage is supported by Blockchain storage, which means that data cannot be altered or hacked because each node in the Blockchain will verify each Block storage with the help of hash codes, and if verification fails, the Blockchain or users will receive notification that data has been changed.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Zheyi Zhang, Yinghong Cao, Hadi Jahanshahi, Jun Mou
With the rapid development of blockchain technology, the security of non-fungible tokens (NFT) in the transaction process has attracted much attention. In the transaction process, the commoditized NFT images will inevitably involve display and leakage problems, which is likely to lead to economic losses drink copyright disputes between the trading parties. To protect transaction security, a chaotic color multi-image compression encryption/LSB data-type steganography scheme is proposed in the paper. A series of chaotic sequences are obtained by iterating the chaotic map, while compression sensing (CS) is introduced to compress multiple secret images and fuse the compressed secret images into one large secret image. Then this image is encrypted, and the encrypted large secret image is hidden on multiple cover images by steganography. This encryption can hide the change in the statistical properties caused by steganography. Finally, the cover image is combined with the 3D object model by using it as a texture for the 3D object model to realize the type steganography of the image data. The simulation and performance test results of the scheme illustrate that the scheme has a large enough key space and steganography capacity, as well as good resistance to differential attacks, statistical attacks, compression reconstruction quality, and robustness. This scheme can well protect the transaction security of NFT images, and at the same time open a channel connecting 2D images and 3D obj textured models, which provides a new idea for steganography.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital cryptocurrency. Its network is a Peer-to-peer(P2P) network consisting of distributed nodes. Some of these nodes are always online and in this article are called Bitcoin backbone nodes. They have a significant impact on the stability and security of the Bitcoin network, so it is meaningful to analyze and discuss them. In this paper, we first continuously collect information about Bitcoin nodes from July 2021 through June 2022 (which is the longest duration of data collection to date). In total, we collect information on 127,613 Bitcoin nodes. At the same time, we conclude that the fluctuation of Bitcoin nodes is directly related to the fluctuation of onion network nodes. Further, we filtered 2694 Bitcoin backbone nodes based on our algorithm. By analyzing the backbone nodes' attributes such as geographic distribution, client version, operator, node function, and abnormal port number, it is demonstrated that these nodes are centralized and play an important role in the Bitcoin network. Based on this, three unsupervised machine learning algorithms are selected to cluster multiple attributes of backbone nodes in a more scientific way. In this paper, the whole process from data collection to cluster analysis is completed and the best results are obtained by comparison. The experiments proved the existence of centralization of Bitcoin backbone nodes and obtained the number of nodes within each cluster. Finally, cluster nodes are de-anonymized based on the optimal results. Through our experiments, we obtain organizational information about the deployers of 103 nodes, linking the Bitcoin backbone nodes to the real world, thus accurately demonstrating the existence of Bitcoin centrality.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blockchain based E-voting system can be revolution- ary in terms of security and tamper proof, transparent elections and hence empower the democracy. Blockchain E-voting is already implemented at organisational level. But at state/national level it faces challenges such as privacy, stability, latency etc. To counter them we require advanced implementation techniques from multiple disciplines. These techniques are 2-layer-solution, sharding for scalability issue, optimizing consensus algorithm and off-chain transaction for reducing latency, zero knowledge proof, using multiple protocols for user privacy etc. General architecture of blockchain is explained in details which combines election creation, voter registration, voter transaction, tallying the results and vote verification. We have discussed how integrating E-voting with blockchain document verification system can be benificial. It is complicated to implement at state, national level and need additional research and implementation to make blockchain E- voting acceptable in elections across the world. Through research and innovation we can make blockchain voting mainstream.
Open access
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Blocakchain is now one of the most secure options for data protection. The rapid advancement of digital technology has brought forth new challenges in terms of data security. Organizations must adopt reliable authentication and key vaulting mechanisms to secure their data. It is advantageous to construct a secure data network due to the distributed ledger system's high level of security. Consumer goods and service providers secure and store customer data using blockchain technology. With the help of Blockchain, one of the most significant technological advancements of this century, we Although blockchain technology has high levels of security, there are still some difficulties that need to be resolved. To, solve this issue we proposed homomorphic blockchain Algorithm Secure money transactions. It can maintain our competitiveness without relying on the confidence or trust of other parties.More chances to compete with market services and consumer goods emerge as technology develops.With the development of various facets of the global economy, this technology will be employed more widely.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Nov 1, 2023·2023 International Conference on Research Methodologies in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunication Engineering (RMKMATE)
S. Gnanapriya, M Ram Eshwar, C G Shrikhiran, J Vijay Chandar · 5 authors
Electronic voting has become an increasingly popular topic of discussion in recent years but it has some security issues. Ethereum's smart contract capabilities make it possible to develop tamper-proof and transparent e-voting systems. Smart contracts are self-executing programs that are stored on the Ethereum blockchain, and can be used to automate the process of voting and ensure that the results are accurate and verifiable. This paper explores the use of Ethereum for e-voting, including the advantages and challenges of using this platform for voting. The paper discusses the use of smart contracts for implementing e-voting systems, the security and privacy considerations that must be taken into account, and the potential benefits of using Ethereum for e-voting. The paper also discusses the challenges that must be overcome to ensure the widespread adoption of Ethereum-based e-voting systems, including issues related to scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance. In conclusion, this paper argues that Ethereum has the potential to revolutionize the field of e-voting, offering a secure, transparent, and efficient solution for conducting political elections. While there are still many challenges to overcome, the use of Ethereum for e-voting represents an exciting opportunity for governments, businesses, and individuals around the world to participate in democratic processes in a more secure and efficient way.
2 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Due to the continuous improvement of traffic analysis technology, traditional covert channels have become insecure and vulnerable to human sabotage. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of immutability and anonymity, making covert communication more unmonitored and robust. However, it also brings about low communication efficiency. In this article, we adopt the idea of transaction rounds and propose for the first time the construction of HMAC values order (HVO) scheme. Furthermore, we further propose a HMAC values and transaction matrices (HV-TM) scheme to improve communication efficiency. This article is the first to use the gas field to embed data to improve the embedding rate. Use the random numbers generated by the Mersenne Twister algorithm to disrupt the order of addresses to improve the concealment of reused addresses. Experiments have shown that the two schemes have higher communication efficiency and better embedding rate than existing schemes.
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Existing zero-watermarking algorithms for remote sensing images heavily rely on traditional feature extraction techniques, which are vulnerable to targeted attacks and lack discriminability for images captured by different sensors or at different time periods in the same geographical area. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel watermarking algorithm based on blockchain and Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) to achieve lossless copyright protection for high-resolution remote sensing images (HRRS). The algorithm utilizes SDAE to extract deep and robust features from local square feature regions (LSFR) for watermark construction. Moreover, the algorithm incorporates a watermark registration scheme designed with Hyperledger Fabric and IPFS to ensure secure and trustworthy registration of watermarks and associated parameter information, enhancing the algorithm's uniqueness. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm against various watermark attacks and its high discriminability for similar images. This algorithm holds significant potential for wide-ranging applications in the field of lossless copyright protection for HRRS, effectively safeguarding the commercial interests of data providers.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
<title>Abstract</title> Blockchain technology has gained significant attention in recent years due to its decentralized and secure nature. Ethereum a popular blockchain platform supports the execution of smart contracts and enables the storage of data on the blockchain. However Ethereum's public nature may not be suitable for scenarios where sensitive or private data needs to be stored and accessed securely. In this paper we present GANACHE an efficient private Ethereum blockchain tool that addresses the confidentiality and security concerns associated with data storage. GANACHE leverages various cryptographic techniques such as encryption and zero-knowledge proofs to ensure the privacy of stored data while maintaining the benefits of blockchain technology.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cryptography and Data Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques