Blockchain Papers

Jacob Lohmer, Lasse Bohlen, Rainer Lasch

No abstract is available for this record.

Ifeoluwa Oreofe Oluwafemi, T. Prabhakar Clement, Oluwasanmi Segun Adanigbo, Toluwase Peter Gbenle · 5 authors

The global pharmaceutical industry faces growing threats from counterfeit and substandard drugs, undermining public health, regulatory compliance, and supply chain trust. To address these challenges, this paper evaluates the efficacy of DIDChain-enabled blockchain frameworks, which integrate Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) with distributed ledger technology to establish real-time provenance verification and anti-counterfeit control. Drawing on a comprehensive body of literature, including conceptual frameworks in digital transformation, cybersecurity, business intelligence, and cloud-based analytics, the study explores how DIDChain infrastructure can enhance transparency, immutability, and interoperability in pharmaceutical logistics. The analysis incorporates findings from prior research on AI-driven fraud detection, supply chain resilience, and data governance models, particularly those applied in the financial, energy, and SME sectors. The evaluation highlights the role of DIDChain in supporting secure product authentication, automated compliance auditing, and cross-border regulatory coordination. This research contributes to emerging discourse on digital trust technologies, offering a scalable and interoperable solution for ensuring drug integrity in complex and globalized pharmaceutical ecosystems.

Jerzy Kisielnicki, Marek Michal Markowski

Abstract The current, fast market changes require enterprises to dynamically adapt the way they conduct their business. This poses many challenges for information technology. Market requirements for immediate response to business changes became the basis of the idea of a real-time information processing (RTE) company. RTE provides real-time information to employees and business partners. Integrated IT systems supporting management constitute a common platform – the foundation of a real-time enterprise. The aim of the article is to present the basic problems of building an IT system that is the basis of a real-time information processing (RTE) company. It is a summary of our work on this type of system. The article justifies the thesis about the need to build a system for the RTE's requirements and the conditions of its implementation. Such a system is designed to provide employees and business partners with the information they need in real time. The use of integrated systems such as ERP, CRM, SCM, and so on provides the ability to implement the main business processes of a real-time enterprise. The article presents both literature analysis and the characteristics of own work on designing IT systems for RTE. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of success factors (determinants) in system design and the use of MUST methodology (MUST is a Danish acronym for theories of and methods for design activities). The final part of the article presents a proposal for further work on IT systems for RTE in the context of existing trends such as DARQ technology (Distributed Ledger, Artificial Intelligence, Extended Reality, Quantum computing).

Charla Griffy‐Brown, Mark Chun, Howard Miller, Demetrios Lazarikos

No abstract is available for this record.

Befekadu G. Gebraselase, Bjarne E. Helvik, Yuming Jiang

Bitcoin has become the leading cryptocurrency system, but the limit on its transaction processing capacity has resulted in increased transaction fees and delayed transaction confirmation. As such, it is pertinent to understand and probably predict how transactions are handled by Bitcoin such that a user may adapt the transaction requests and a miner may adjust the block generation strategy and/or the mining pool to join. To this aim, the present paper introduces results from an analysis of transaction handling in Bitcoin. Specifically, the analysis consists of two-part. The first part is an exploratory data analysis revealing key characteristics in Bitcoin transaction handling. The second part is a predictability analysis intended to provide insights on transaction handling such as (i) transaction confirmation time, (ii) block attributes, and (iii) who has created the block. The result shows that some models do reasonably well for (ii), but surprisingly not for (i) or (iii).

Yasmine Ben Hamadi, Samedi Heng, Yves Wautelet

No abstract is available for this record.

Ajay Bandi

No abstract is available for this record.

Aaron M. French, Jaeruen Shim, Marten Risius, Kai R. Larsen · 5 authors

The 21st century has introduced the 4th Industrial Revolution, which describes an industrial paradigm shift that alters social, economic, and political environments simultaneously. Innovative technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and advanced mobile networks power this digital revolution. These technologies provide a unique component that, when integrated, will establish a foundation to drive future innovation. In this paper, we summarize a 2019 Association for Information Systems Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) panel session where researchers who specialize in these technologies discussed new innovations and their integration. This topic has significant implications to business and academia both as these technologies will disrupt the social, economic, and political landscapes.

Michael J. Scherm

No abstract is available for this record.

Sherwyn D'souza, Darlene Nazareth, Cassia Vaz, Monali Shetty

No abstract is available for this record.

Faezeh Mostajabi, Ali Asghar Safaei, Amir Sahafi

Nowadays, data are generated in a continuous streaming manner as the inputs of various applications. The sources of such generated data can be wired or wireless sensor networks commonly used in various fields of geographical, traffic, Internet of Things (IoT), financial tickers, Web2 and Web3, e-commerce, social networks, and online communities. The high volume, high variety, and high velocity of data have recently posed the challenge of 3Vs to this field, also known as the Big Data Problem. The 3Vs dimensions of complexities for the big data entails high-speed storage, scalability of database systems, suitable data models, real-time responsiveness and so on. Data model, as the representation schema of data is an essential issue since many others (e.g., DBMS systems’ design, DB languages, etc.) rely on. So, the study of data models is a key and fundamental aspect in structuring, organizing, storing, and manipulating big data. It is also the essence in various areas of cloud migration, web-scale, and so forth. In this paper, we have systematically reviewed different types of data models, the rationale behind them, their applications and support capabilities, and the technologies to switch from one model to another. To address the user needs in various fields, a systematic review method is adopted to classify and present different types and characteristics of data models.

Abdullah Alharbi, Osama Sohaib

Today’s world is increasingly dependent on technology directly or indirectly. The rapid technological advancement has impacted people to adopt the technology. As cryptocurrency recently commenced, few studies have attempted to investigate this use of technology. In this study, the technology readiness aspects- Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, and Insecurity are used to understand the people’s adoption of cryptocurrency. A multi-approach of Partial Least Squares- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Deep learning Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis was performed. Deep learning Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis was performed to complement PLS-SEM findings and predict higher accuracy. This study shows that technology readiness dimensions - Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, and Insecurity have meaningful relationships with cryptocurrency adoption.

Adrian Spătaru

This paper proposes a decentralized framework for the orchestration of Cloud Services using heterogeneous resources residing in the homes of private individuals or small-scale clusters. The framework makes use of Ethereum Smart Contracts to provide a decentralized mechanism for discovering the different interfaces exposed by Cloud Components. The paper introduces a novel concept of Component Administration Networks, which are peer-to-peer networks that monitor and ensure the availability of the software components. The concept applied for the Orchestration process to ensure that the deployment of an Application continues in the presence of Orchestrator component failure. Checkpoints are used to address the continuity of the Management components, in general, and of the Orchestrator, in particular. In our proposal, checkpoint metadata is stored in a Smart Contract to assess the execution time of a Service to reimburse the participants that ensure its execution.

Authors unavailable

Digital finance encompasses digital information feedback on credit credibility and electronic transactions based on digital currencies.In recent years, driven by blockchain technology and cloud computing, digital finance has boomed in developed countries, giving rise to new issues and potential risks.With the transformation of digital finance from 'crypto' to 'cloud', a new trend is emerging.Digital finance driven by cloud computing, whether on public clouds or on-chain clouds, offers a plethora of opportunities, but the migration to native digital finance systems based on cloud infrastructure would be fraught with risk.Cloud computing, with its convenience, flexibility, security and scalability, continues to become a mainstream technology in retail finance.Multi-modal federated machine learning and federated cloud transactions can potentially construct a decentralized market with permissioned access while achieving snapshot privacy.Blockchain will continue its widespread adoption in developer-centric financial backends as technology matures, with larger public chains evolving to handle benchmark trading volumes.On miniambilest, native public and enterprise banks, decentralized exchanges, NFT-backed loans and on-chain credit scores will rise, creating liquidity for illiquid assets and granting borrowing access to previously excluded participants.The rising popularity of cryptocurrencies may, on the contrary, accelerate KYC, AML and the adoption of CBDCs.Security issues in cloud computing may cause significant financial losses, as there have been cases in the past where public cloud services have suffered data breaches.In some cases, thousands of GB of customer financial and transaction data have leaked online and caused significant reputational damage, emphasizing the importance of choosing a reliable cloud service vendor [2].Observations made during web scraping consisting of an analysis of exchange user cases showed that data breaches have exposed customer account information, previous transactions, and even 3D model photos of the vault and keys used to hide hardware wallets in a bank deposit facility.Furthermore, the archive and backup of large-scale retail finance databases in the public cloud may incur long data retrieval delay of over 100ms.The lost backup can also put the entire institution at risk if the vendor service becomes bankrupt, or if a natural disaster damages their facilities.Despite the rapid year-on-year growth of this new financial market, currently, only limited assets, such as the Bitcoin reward for blockchain mining, can be traded on-chain.

Malik Junaid Jami Gul, Barathi Subramanian, Anand Paul, Jeonghong Kim

No abstract is available for this record.

Hesam Hamledari, Martin Fischer

Supply chain integration remains an elusive goal for the construction and engineering industry. The high degree of fragmentation and the reliance on third-party financial institutions has pushed the physical and financial supply chains apart. The paper demonstrates how blockchain-based crypto assets (crypto currencies and crypto tokens) can address this limitation when used for conditioning the flow of funds based on the flow of products. The paper contrasts the integration between cash and product flows in supply chains that rely on fiat currencies and crypto assets for their payment settlement. Two facets of crypto asset-enabled integration, atomicity and granularity, are further introduced. The thesis is validated in the context of construction progress payments. The as-built data captured by unmanned aerial and ground vehicles was passed to an autonomous smart contract-based method that utilizes crypto-currencies and crypto tokens for payment settlement; the resulting payment datasets, written to the Ethereum blockchain, were analyzed in terms of their integration of product and cash flow. The work is concluded with a discussion of findings and their implications for the industry.

Roxana Martínez, Rocío Andrea Rodríguez, Pablo Martín Vera

This paper analyzes the quality of the data in the data sets presented in the open portal sites of the Argentine Republic, considering the portal of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A) and the decentralized organizations of the country. The objective is to show results compared to the analysis of the data sets published in the open portals, with some important considerations when maintaining, managing and reusing systems, in order to generate added value to the community. Finally, the open data catalogs are validated, using a Python library (pydatajson), to verify if they comply with a standard catalog structure, proposed by the government of the Argentine Republic.

Boris Tušek, Ana Ježovita, Petra Halar

Nowadays audit profession is faced with an excessive evolution of the information and communication technology (ICT). The effects of ICT on auditing are dual. On the one hand, auditing is faced with the digitalization of companies’ business operations, and on the other, auditors must be able to adapt their methodologies to these changes in order to be able to audit implemented ICT in the companies’ business operations. One of the latest ICT innovations includes the application of blockchain technology (BCT) in different business operations of a company, which represents the object of auditing. In order to audit BCT, auditors must apply appropriate audit procedures, whereas analytical procedures (APs) represent the most useful one. The subjects of this paper are external and internal auditors, and their application of APs for auditing implemented BCT in the companies’ business operations, in Croatia. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the differences in the APs’ application and its usefulness for auditing BCT, as an emerging ICT, between external and internal auditors. To investigate the main objective of the paper, desk research and survey research were conducted. Overall results indicated that external and internal auditors in Croatia are aware that auditing BCT requires the application of advanced APs, for what they need to possess excellent knowledge about APs and BCT. Obtained results showed that auditors in Croatia possess below-average knowledge about APs and BCT. Therefore, the necessity for specialized education of external and internal auditors is inevitable. Regarding the investigation of differences in the readiness to audit BCT between external and internal auditors in Croatia, the results confirmed that external auditors are more ready to audit BCT than internal auditors. Finally, research results confirmed that the application of advanced APs in audit engagements will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of companies’ business operations supported by the BCT.

Jens Ducrée, Martin Etzrodt, Bert Gordijn, Max Gravitt · 7 authors

An overwhelming majority of experts has been flagging for decades that “Saving the Planet” requires immediate, persistent and drastic action to curb a variety of catastrophic risks over the 21st century. However, despite compelling evidence and a range of suggested solutions, transnational coordination of effective measures to protect our biosphere continues to fall short. To remedy, we propose a novel platform for addressing the central issue of affording trust, transparency and truth while minimizing administrative overheads. This will empower an even loosely organised, global grass-roots community to coordinate a large-scale project on a shared goal (“Commons”) spanning the digital and real world. The Web3 concept is based on the swiftly emerging “Blockchain” and related cryptographic, distributed and permissionless technologies. “Wisdom of the crowds” mechanisms involving competitive parallelisation and prediction markets are enabled by formalised reputation and staking to incentivise high-quality work, fair validation and best management practice. While these mechanisms have been (mostly separately) applied to science, business, governance, web, sensor, information and communication technologies (ICT), our integrative approach around Blockchain-enabled ‘operating principles and protocols’ sets the basis for designing novel forms of potentially crowdfunded Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs).

Fredrik Milani, Luciano García‐Bañuelos, Hajo A. Reijers, Lilit Stepanyan

Blockchain has emerged as one of the most promising and revolutionary technologies in the past years. Companies are exploring use cases in the hope of reaping benefits from this technology. However, to achieve the desired impact, it is not sufficient to merely replace existing technologies. Current business processes must be redesigned to realize benefits. This paper shows how a number of best practices for Business Process Redesign can be applied to leverage blockchain technology. Specifically, we adapt these best practices for redesigning processes intended to execute on blockchain. We further explore their applicability using a case study. The major elements of process redesign for blockchain are: (1) changing the view from intra- to inter-organizational processes by using the shared data ledger of blockchain, (2) using smart contracts performers of tasks and connectors of processes, (3) using blockchain as means for data communication, and (4) using tokens to manage digitally represented assets.

Authors unavailable

Block chain is a technology Such as mathematics, algorithms, cryptography and economic models Developed using a combination of different techniques. The Black Chain is all digital and decentralized is the general ledger of crypto currenc y transactions. Block chain is posts or all is a database of transactions or digital events Public ledgers are a database that is activated and shared between participants. In the company of each transaction in a public parade Verified with the consensus of the majority of participants. Also, once logged in, Information can never be erased. Made so far on the Black Chain There is a specific and verifiable record of each transaction. Bit coin, decentralized probing digital currency, for the use of block chain technology The most famous example. Bit coin, the digital currency, is highly controversial, But the basic block chain technology Flawless, it is pervasive Detected applications. The world of operating finance and finance. These white papers are some specific applications of block chain technology Describes the financial and non-financial sectors. We see challenges and business opportunities in this basic technology; it is ready to revolutionize our digital world..

Martin Angerer, Christian Hugo Hoffmann, Florian Neitzert, Sascha Kraus

No abstract is available for this record.

Sam Goundar, Anil Kumar Singh, Semiti Saini, Fariha Tafsil · 6 authors

Cryptocurrencies have evolved erratically and at unprecedented speed over the course of their short lifespans. Since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009, more than 1600 cryptocurrencies have been developed, with majority of them witnessing success in the market. With the advent of cryptocurrencies, the possibility of online trading has reached new heights. Thus, this chapter focuses on enterprise cryptocurrencies and provides a thorough analysis of the various opportunities that lie with the use of cryptocurrencies for online payments. This chapter is presented as there is a need to draw a fine line between using fiat currencies and using cryptocurrencies for online transactions. It is also important as there is not much research done on using cryptocurrencies in enterprise systems, and so this will give a fair idea to researchers and organizations and help them in making decisions while making corporate payments. We are basing our research using grounded theory, and our research will focus on the certainty of using cryptocurrencies.

R. Venkatesh, L. Godlin Atlas, Chintu Kumar

The blockchain is a revolutionary technology that works on a distributed ledger system. It is a decentralized network topology with a heightened level of security. All the transactions are stored in individual blocks. Each new transaction is recorded in a new block which has to be validated by the users connected to the network. All of these blocks are interlinked in the form of a chain. Hence, the name blockchain. The timestamp of each transaction is recorded in a tamper-proof manner. In other words, any addition or changes in data is recorded with a time stamp that cannot be altered. Because of the high level of transparency in the system, the blockchain is much more secure and the data integrity is preserved. Machine learning is when a machine learns either by programs or by its experience, it is called as machine learning just the way the name suggests. Just like the process of human learning, machine learning also constitutes of identifying patterns in given data and designing a more efficient system to outperform the previous versions. A simple day-to-day example of this is when we mark an email as spam and the mailbox assigns the future emails from that email id to the spam folder without human intervention. Machine learning can be very useful in financial sectors or consulting sector where new patterns can be unearthed. Machine learning is a technology that relies on extensive quantities of data for model building and accurate prediction. A lot of time is invested in collecting, organizing and auditing this data for accuracy. This is where blockchain comes into play as the time taken can be considerably decreased by using blockchain technology. By using smart contracts in this case, data can be transferred directly and securely. Blockchain and machine learning perfectly complement each other and very much are the two pillars on which the future innovations are to be built. These two together are bound to make ground-breaking innovations in the near future while also making our present more secure. By using machine learning to govern the chain, there’s also an opportunity to significantly enhance security. Further, as machine learning loves to work with a lot of data, it creates an opportunity to build better models by taking advantage of the decentralized nature of blockchains (that encourage data sharing).