Benito Samuel López Razo, José Israel Campero Domínguez, Victor Hugo de la O. Martinez, Nicolás Trejo de la Cruz
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar un sistema basado en tecnología Blockchain y la red Ethereum para la emisión y validación de certificados digitales en una institución de educación superior, garantizando seguridad, trazabilidad e inmutabilidad mediante contratos inteligentes. Marco teórico: La investigación se fundamenta en el uso de Blockchain como una tecnología distribuida que permite el registro transparente y seguro de transacciones, aplicando los estándares X.509 y ERC-721 para la autenticación y unicidad de los certificados digitales. Método: Se diseñó un prototipo funcional utilizando el lenguaje de programación Python, la biblioteca web3.py y la infraestructura de Ethereum. El sistema integra firmas digitales y códigos QR para facilitar la verificación en tiempo real. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados preliminares muestran un uso promedio de gas de 221,189 y un consumo de 0.00442378 ETH por transacción, con una reducción del 43% en los costos de verificación respecto a sistemas tradicionales. Esto demuestra la viabilidad técnica y económica del modelo propuesto. Implicaciones de la investigación: El sistema puede aplicarse en contextos educativos e industriales, fortaleciendo la confianza en la emisión y validación de documentos digitales. Originalidad/Valor: La propuesta contribuye al campo de la certificación digital al integrar estándares abiertos y contratos inteligentes, ofreciendo una solución escalable, segura y de bajo costo.
In the modern digital landscape, traditional cen- tralized storage models are increasingly vulnerable to security breaches, suffer from single points of failure, incur high main- tenance costs, and present scalability limitations. The Decen- tralized Storage System (DSS) is proposed as an alternative solution, utilizing distributed ledger technologies, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, and advanced cryptographic mechanisms to establish a fault-tolerant, secure, and highly available data storage infrastructure. This paper presents the design and imple- mentation of a decentralized storage framework that integrates key blockchain concepts—such as immutability, transparency, and consensus validation—to enhance data integrity and security. The system enables users to store, retrieve, and share data in a fully decentralized manner while ensuring confidentiality through encryption. The work includes a comprehensive architectural and functional analysis of a full-stack, decentralized file storage platform built specifically on the Filecoin Protocol, leveraging the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for distributed content addressing and efficient data retrieval. The platform employs a hybrid architecture combining Web2 technologies—Next.js for the frontend, Node.js/Express for the backend, and MongoDB for centralized metadata management—with core Web3 protocols. The analysis confirms the project's success in creating a practical, non-custodial storage solution that abstracts the complexities of the decentralized web. However, a key architectural trade-off is identified: the system's reliance on provider-centric tooling (Boost CLI) and third-party Remote Procedure Call (RPC) endpoints (Glif API) simplifies development but introduces dependencies that compromise the ideal of full, end-to-end decentralization.
Regulated service platforms like Upwork liaise freelancers with employers. These platforms require strong identity verification and transaction monitoring, but use an opaque and custodial escrow to orchestrate payments to users. This project proposes and implements “FR33”, a hybrid Web2-Web3 architecture for conditional escrow payments that preserves on-chain auditability, while enforcing identity-based access for critical payment logic. It combines various components: (i) off-chain identity verification that uses existing identity infrastructure, (ii) an on-chain registry that manages credential-based access control, (iii) a state-machine-based smart contract that enforces escrow payments, and (iv) an off-chain event indexing and rule-based monitoring layer that intervenes in suspicious transactions. These components are demonstrated via a prototype freelance marketplace that aligns with Singapore’s regulatory context. The prototype is evaluated via its functional correctness, where 11 unit and cross-layer test suites cover these workflows. At the same time, its cost of operation is evaluated by benchmarking gas usage across 30 executions of escrow operations on the Polygon Amoy testnet. Finally, the operational trade-offs introduced by the hybrid architecture were evaluated qualitatively against fully on-chain escrows. Experimental results on the network show that the escrow lifecycle incurs an average on-chain cost between $0.006 and $0.013 USD, which is more efficient and consistent than fees charged by centralised platforms for settling payments. These results illustrate the feasibility of the design for a proof-of-concept (PoC) system, by depicting the tradeoffs between performance and trust assumptions.
Este estudo analisa a arquitetura da interoperabilidade no ecossistema <b>Ethereum</b>, investigando como a padronização de interfaces e os mecanismos de comunicação entre contratos sustentam a natureza compostável da <b>Web3</b>. A pesquisa detalha a evolução dos padrões de tokens, partindo do <b>ERC-20</b> para ativos fungíveis, passando pelo <b>ERC-721</b> para ativos não-fungíveis (NFTs), até o advento do <b>ERC-1155</b>, que permite a gestão multi-token em um único contrato, otimizando custos de transação (<i>gas</i>).Além dos padrões, o texto explora os mecanismos de comunicação <i>cross-contract</i>, como o delegatecall, essenciais para a criação de sistemas modulares e contratos atualizáveis. No entanto, a obra ressalta que a interoperabilidade amplia a superfície de ataque, destacando a vulnerabilidade de <b>reentrância</b> e a importância do padrão <i>Checks-Effects-Interactions</i> para mitigar riscos financeiros. Por fim, o trabalho discute fronteiras emergentes, como o padrão <b>ERC-6551</b> (tokens vinculados a contas) e a necessidade de soluções seguras para a interoperabilidade entre diferentes blockchains (<i>cross-chain</i>).<br>
Bharathi Panduri, Lohith Matcha, Sai Darshan Lingamanthula, Vineet Katta
Pharmaceutical providers are now facing problems such as counterfeit drugs, lack of openness, different data systems, and weaker regulation. As a result of these shortcomings, medicinal products may be unsafe for patients and this can damage the public's trust in these products. Traditional centralized structures do not have the necessary traceability, security, and resilience for effective management of supply chains. In the context of Industry 4.0, there is an increasing shift toward digital transformation and decentralized industrial systems to improve transparency and automation. This paper describes PharmaChain, a DApp created using blockchain, which is intended to add transparency and trust to the way drugs are managed in the supply chain. With the help of Ethereum and Solidity-based smart contracts, PharmaChain develops a permanent record of every step in the supply chain, starting with buying raw goods and finishing with delivering them to end-users. The platform uses role-based access control, such as manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and regulatory bodies. With a modern MERN stack, PharmaChain ensures the UI is flexible and works well on any device, and Web3.js and MetaMask handle the connection to blockchain on the frontend. The proposed system aligns with Industry 4.0 principles by enabling secure, automated, and decentralized traceability across the pharmaceutical supply chain. Smart contracts significantly reduce the involvement of intermediaries and manual work in the process.
Bin Xie, Rui Song, Zecheng Li, Xiaotie Deng · 5 authors
Decentralized identity systems have emerged as a transformative paradigm, granting users unprecedented data sovereignty and privacy-preserving capabilities, fueling critical innovations in Web3 ecosystems. However, these systems primarily serve as identity-layer solutions, forcing verifiers to design special cryptographic protocols for access control deployment, which is an error-prone and expert-dependent process. Moreover, existing approaches fail to effectively combat credential fraud (e.g., credential theft and revoked credential reuse) without compromising privacy guarantees. This paper presents FRAC (Flexible Fraud-Resistant Access Control), an efficient decentralized access control framework that achieves two paradigm shifts: 1) Streamlined access control deployment: a logic-centric paradigm encodes access criteria through declarative verification rules, eliminating manual cryptographic protocol design while enabling instant verifier onboarding and efficient presentation generation; 2) Provable fraud resistance: a format-agnostic defensive mechanism based on Merkle trees prevents malicious credential use, requiring only lightweight hash operations and signature verification instead of computation-intensive operations. We conduct rigorous security analysis based on universally composable security and evaluate the performance, demonstrating FRAC’s security and efficiency.
Кваліфікаційна робота бакалавра складається зі вступу, чотирьох розділів, висновків, списку використаних джерел та додатків. У першому розділі виконано аналіз предметної області, наведено приклади існуючих рішень та визначено основні функціональні потреби користувачів. Другий розділ містить специфікацію функціональних і нефункціональних вимог до інформаційної системи, її логічну структуру та ключові компоненти. У третьому розділі було здійснено розробку вебзастосунку з підтримкою смарт-контрактів для безпечного виконання криптотранзакцій на базі бібліотеки React та мови програмування Solidity, доповнивши цей технологічний стек хмарною платформою Supabase та бібліотекою Ethers.js для взаємодії з криптогаманцем MetaMask. У четвертому розділі наведено спеціальні розрахунки, зокрема здійснено ергономічну оцінку функціональних компонентів програмного продукту з використанням математичних моделей, розраховано час на виконання повного циклу замовлення в Web3-системі з урахуванням мережевих затримок та фізичного введення даних, а також обґрунтовано високу ефективність спроєктованого інтерфейсу. У висновках узагальнено результати виконаної роботи та визначено перспективи подальшого розвитку системи.
Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.
Everything has shifted into a new gear with technology advancement and so has literature. Literature publication is no longer limited to printed pages or e-content. This paper explores the new domain of digitalised literature, crypto-literature. The tools employed for this are blockchain technology and NFTs (Non- Fungible Tokens). Together, these are transforming literary ownership and distribution while empowering authors. This paper delves into how with the help of an alternative to traditional publication, tokenisation of literary works and smart contracts, authors gain transparent royalties, decentralised publishing and copyright gains, which in turn provides creators a greater control over their creations. This paper also explores how, while crypto-literature through Web3 platforms provides creative autonomy and economic empowerment, it also poses several concerns regarding digital equity, accessibility and ecological implications. With the global trends and Indian market in focus, this paper evaluates the advantages and limitations put forward to creators as well as consumers while engaging with this advancing literary system. In short, this paper puts crypto-literature as a focal point of literary innovation, while looking for ethical, inclusive and sustainable practices of this new paradigm.
Open access
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Abstract Originally designed to support cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, blockchain technology has evolved into a powerful tool with applications far beyond digital currency. This paper explores how blockchain is transforming software development by enabling decentralized, secure, and transparent systems. Key areas of focus include digital identity verification, smart contract automation, supply chain tracking, decentralized data storage, and secure e-governance solutions such as digital voting. The study outlines fundamental blockchain components—such as distributed ledgers, consensus mechanisms, and tokenization—and explains how they contribute to building tamper-resistant applications. It also examines blockchain’s role in powering Web3 technologies, decentralized finance (DeFi), and cross-chain interoperability. Through real-world case studies in healthcare, logistics, and digital governance, the paper highlights the tangible benefits of blockchain-based solutions while acknowledging current limitations like scalability, energy use, and regulatory issues. The analysis offers a forward-looking perspective on how software developers and organizations can harness blockchain to create resilient, next-generation applications.