Blockchain Papers

Azz-eddine Meafa, Abla Chaouni Benabdellah, Kamar Zekhnini

No abstract is available for this record.

İskender Peker, İlker Murat Ar, İsmail Erol, Cory Searcy

No abstract is available for this record.

Philipp C. Sauer, Guido Orzes, Giovanna Culot

Despite the hype about blockchains among supply chain management (SCM) practitioners and researchers, the technology’s adoption is still low, and confusion remains about its potential benefits for operational efficiency and effectiveness. Building on a multiple case study research, this paper clarifies current value creation opportunities enabled by the blockchain for product/material tracking and tracing. We highlight that the setup of blockchain projects depends on the presence of different drivers on customer value or efficiency and the focus towards products/components or raw materials. Based on how tracking and tracing drivers and focus influence the initial blockchain setup, contingent factors are discussed and possible evolutionary patterns are identified. These findings are elaborated in one setup matrix and three propositions. The study is one of the few to add empirical evidence to the mainly conceptual SCM blockchain literature and provides a middle-range theoretical contribution based on contingency theory. Furthermore, it offers actionable guidance for managers and policy makers about SCM blockchain adoption.

Samir Yerpude, Kiran Sood, Simon Grima

The objective of this article is to assist the reader in understanding the journey from traditional Supply Chain Management to Digital Supply Chain Management. It aims to augment the concept of Digital Supply Chain Management with blockchain technology and create an extensive literature review to assist in formulating the gaps and discovering the variables that contribute towards the efficiency of a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain. Moreover, this article aims to validate the impact of specified parameters resulting in customer retention and market leadership for an organization. Digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, etc., are disrupting the traditional ways of doing business and creating value propositions for customers. Supply Chain Management is a key business process for an organization that helps them compete in the market. Organizations have seized competition not as individual brands but as supply chains. Digital Supply Chain Management is the implementation of digital technologies to capture customer data at every interaction to create customer engagement strategies. This article provides an empirical analysis of parameters influencing a Blockchain-Augmented Digital Supply Chain resulting in customer retention and market leadership and shows how, through a Blockchain-Based Digital Supply Chain, the business objective of being a customer-centric organization is assisted with the customer data generated at each interaction that is enabled.

Tejinder Kaur, Susama Bagchi, Sanjoy Kumar Debnath, Jayashree Mohanty

Time stamp digital documents so that they cannot be backdated or tampered with. A two-day block chain hackathon will be organized in Bangalore on the 5th and 6th of next month. This hackathon has been named as Building Future Cities. This hackathon is being organized by crypto investing app Coin Switch. It will be organized by Karnataka government's initiative ‘Startup Karnataka’, Bangalore South MP Tejashwi Surya and Sequoia India. The organizers of the event have said that the purpose of this hackathon is to provide a platform to those working on it along with discussing the use and possibilities of block chain in India. During this hackathon, the winners will also be awarded up to three lakh rupees. Block chain has been the topic of discussion all over the world in recent times. Ever since the crypto currency era began, block chain has come into the limelight more and more, because crypto currency works on block chain technology itself. As the use of crypto currencies or NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) is increasing all over the world, the importance of block chain technology is also increasing. Block chain technology is now starting to have its impact on the life of the common man. Many of the services we use in our daily lives may be based on block chain technology, but we are not aware of it. In this way, in today's time, it is important to know about what block chain is and how our lives are connected to it.

Juanjuan Li, Rui Qin, Fei–Yue Wang

In the future, management in smart societies will revolve around knowledge workers and the works they produce. This article is committed to explore new management framework, model, paradigm, and solution for organizing, managing, and measuring knowledge works. First, the parallel management framework is presented that would allow for the virtual-real interactions of humans in social space, robots in physical space, and digital humans in cyberspace to realize descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive intelligence for management. Then, the management foundation models are proposed by fusing scenarios engineering with artificial intelligence foundation models and cyber–physical-social systems. Moreover, the new management paradigm driven by decentralized autonomous organizations and operations is formulated for the advancement of smart organizations and intelligent operations. On these basis, the management operating systems that highlight features of simple intelligence, provable security, flexible scalability, and ecological harmony are finally put forward as new management solution.

Reza Lotfi, Mohsen Rajabzadeh, Abolfazl Zamani, Mohammad Sadra Rajabi

No abstract is available for this record.

Xiaohong Chen, Caicai He, Yan Chen, Zhiyuan Xie

No abstract is available for this record.

K. Nethravathi, Ankit Tiwari, Dipesh Uike, Rachana Jaiswal · 5 authors

With greater frequency and granularity than ever before, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology can help businesses achieve next-level performance in the supply chain. Blockchain can reliably construct the framework for recording data across endpoints, whereas AI can assist in data matching. This study investigates how to apply blockchain technology and artificial intelligence together in supply chains to push the boundaries of operational effectiveness, promote sustainable growth, and monetize data. This study has examined how blockchain can be used to track financial operations in the supply chain and also aims to determine how artificial intelligence contributes to supply chain management. The study’s anticipated results will increase knowledge of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence in supply chain risk management and encourage practitioners and researchers to think about using these technologies in future context-aware research.

Javed Aslam, Aqeela Saleem, Nokhaiz Tariq Khan, Yun Kim

Oil and gas (O&G) supply chain management (SCM) is complex because it deals with different geographic locations to manage demand and supply, transportation, inventory, and distribution. Blockchain technology has created an interesting research gap in the SCM domain, and this study is designed to describe the relevancy of blockchain technology for O&G SCM. SCM is based on agile and lean supply chains (SCs). Agile SC focuses on increasing flexibility and responsiveness to gain competitive advantages, and lean SC is based on eliminating waste and processes to improve firm performance. This study is an initial effort to propose a framework that suggests the implication of blockchain for O&G by providing an overview of O&G SCM. Data were collected from SC managers of O&G companies, and we analyzed the impact of agile and lean SCs on firm performance. The results indicate that agile SC is highly important for O&G industries in comparison to lean SC. This study proposes the key requirements of agile SC and how blockchain can uplift agile SC technology with state-of-the-art properties such as data-driven management, information sharing, data privacy, cyber-security, transparency, smart contracts, visibility, traceability, and reliability, which boost SC agility as well as firm performance.

Yu Gao, Oskar Casasayas, Jiayuan Wang, Xiaoxiao Xu

As a decentralised ledger and data management technology, blockchain has attracted increasing interest and has been effectively applied in various areas. Despite its promising potential, there are few studies proposing effective strategies for promoting blockchain, particularly in providing a strategic analysis of blockchain in China's construction management. This study aims to investigate the external and internal environments of blockchain application and determine the roadmaps and strategies for blockchain application in construction management in China. A strength, weaknesses, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis is employed to draw a panorama of the blockchain development status. Six roadmaps and strategies for blockchain application are proposed. By using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), a quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the ranking of SWOT sub-factors and roadmaps and strategies. The results show that ‘traceability of information’, ‘high application threshold’, ‘national policy support’, and ‘low informatization level of the construction industry’ are the most important sub-factors in strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats respectively. The best roadmaps and strategies are ‘improving the informatization level of the construction industry’, followed by ‘promoting the technological innovation of blockchain’ and ‘providing standard’. This study facilitates an in-depth understanding of the blockchain application in China's construction management. It will not only help researchers to conduct targeted blockchain research for more efficient project management, but also help practitioners to develop effective strategies for adopting blockchain.

Pardis Roozkhosh, Alireza Pooya, Renu Agarwal

No abstract is available for this record.

Mahmoud Ashraf, Islam Ali

Disruption risks may arise in a project-based supply chain due to the involvement of various actors, e.g. suppliers and transport service providers, along the chain besides its decentralised structure. This paper addresses monitoring the project completion time estimates at different stages of a project lifetime through tracking package ownership transfer events. We track the ownership transfer events by employing blockchain technology and smart contracts. Blockchain technology offers data security and builds trust along the supply chain. Consequently, a blockchain-enabled tracking system for package ownership transfer enhances real-time monitoring of project completion time estimates. In addition, this paper uses a simulation-based approach to quantify the acquired benefits from a real-time blockchain-enabled traceability system in a project-based supply chain. The proposed approach considers a straightforward supply chain consisting of two parties. Our proposed approach examines multiple disruption scenarios to assess the impact of blockchain technology integration on the project completion time estimates accuracy. The results show, for all scenarios, the superior performance of the blockchain-enabled traceability system compared to the baseline model with limited tracking of ownership transfer events.

Agya Pathak, Sameer Shrivastava, Palempati Harsha Vardhini, Abhinay Meka · 7 authors

The coronavirus pandemic caused global health and economic disruption of an unknown scale. Several issues with the pharmaceutical supply chain such as the counterfeiting of drugs came to light in these dire times. While continual efforts are being applied in order to effectively treat and annihilate the coronavirus, so are the efforts of supply chains to prepare for patient care in case of a recurrence. The requirement of superior quality medicines has sky rocketed, subsequently, so has the influx of counterfeited drugs. The security of the pharmaceutical supply chain is unquestionably necessary due to the large scale increase in demand for drugs. Tampering of the supply chain is not easily detectable when unethical practices are suspected currently. A radical and innovative method that contains the potential to overcome the challenges of securing the pharmaceutical supply chain is the blockchain technology. So, our proposed solution amalgamates blockchain technology into the drug supply chain to make it tamper-proof. This study proposes a system that harnesses blockchain's properties to ensure supply of safe and traceable pharmaceuticals from end to end. The smart contracts designed have been deployed on a local blockchain using Ganache. Results of our experimentation indicate with certainty that not only is this solution feasible but it is more secure than the present day scenario of the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Hui Hu, Jiajun Xu, Mengqi Liu, Ming K. Lim

No abstract is available for this record.

Eleni Papadonikolaki, Algan Tezel, İbrahim Yitmen, Per Hilletofth

Purpose Rapid advancements in blockchain technology transform various sectors, attracting the attention of industrialists, practitioners, policymakers and academics, and profoundly affect construction businesses through smart contracts and crypto-economics. This paper explores the blockchain innovation ecosystem in construction. Design/methodology/approach Through a qualitative study of 23 diverse interviewees, the study explores how open or closed the blockchain innovation ecosystem in construction is and who its emerging orchestrators are. Findings The data showed that construction aims towards an open innovation blockchain ecosystem, although there are elements of hybridisation and closedness, each system pointing out to different orchestrators. Practical implications The study has implications for governments and large companies in construction, showing that open innovation initiatives need to be encouraged by policymakers through rules, regulations and government-sponsored demonstrator projects. Social implications The data showed that there is lack of readiness for business model change to support open innovation blockchain ecosystems in construction. Originality/value This is the first study applying the open innovation theory in the construction industry and sheds light into the phenomenon of blockchain, suggesting routes for further democratisation of the technology for policymakers and practitioners.

Rizwan Manzoor, B.S. Sahay, Sujeet Kumar Singh

No abstract is available for this record.

Linxiao Zhao

This article analyzes the risks of the free trade zone from the perspective of supply chain management. By analyzing the possible risks in the market, cooperation, technology, information, finance and system of supply chain management in the free trade zone, this article puts forward the concept of supply chain risk-return redundancy. Then, on the basis of the three-level supply chain model, this paper analyzes the supply chain risk and return redundancy under the complete information sharing and information decentralization decision-making. The research results show that under the condition of complete information sharing, the overall risk-return redundancy of the supply chain is greater than the risk-return redundancy under the condition of information decentralized decision-making. This shows that information sharing can fully improve the risk prevention capabilities of the supply chain.

Rohit Chowdary Atluri, Pankaj Pathak, Vimal Bhatt

In recent times, with technological advancements, businesses are looking at the digital transformation to create lucrative and sustainable methodologies to gain a competitive advantage over the competitors. With the awakening of consumers and stakeholders about the visible fraud in the operational activities and supply chain, the expectations from consumers regarding the supply chain are rapidly changing. Supply chain transparency, traceability, sustainability, and resilience have gained a lot of attention in recent years to end-users which potentially enables them to trace the goods and services flow and all the processes involved in manufacturing the raw materials to the final products. Maintaining a transparent supply chain has become a necessity rather than an additional service provided to the government, consumers, and other stakeholders. Companies around the globe are shifting towards technological advancements in the supply chain for effective utilization of resources and processes to gain an advantage by provisioning visibility in the Supply Chain Management (SCM). With the ability to maintain an immutable, distributed, unalterable ledger, Blockchain can be considered as one of the revolutionizing technologies in digital supply chain management. Blockchain technology can be used to overcome potential threats and vulnerabilities by channelizing the flow of information, thereby enhancing transparency and traceability in the process. Its potential can drive the SCM operations less costly and enrich the customer experience through transparency and traceability. In this paper we have proposed a novel framewok to avoid fraud in supply chain by using blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is considered more secure, however certain vulnerabilities may be possible due to service layers provided on the top of blockchain technology and it is not because of the core technology. Further scope to implement the proposed framework in the field of supply chain management.

Rafael Bettín-Díaz, Alix E. Rojas, Camilo Mejía-Moncayo

Abstract This exploratory study explains how to implement Blockchain technology for a supply chain by a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, an open distributed ledger platform. This approach allowed to identify the feasibility and some implementation challenges, yield feedback, and exemplify one manner of tracing product origin using a distributed ledger technology. For this purpose, the case study of origin coffee is analyzed, given the relevance of traceability in this type of coffee and the cultural and economic importance of this agricultural product in the Colombian context. In addition, the data stored in the Blockchain and some technological architecture aspects are discussed.

Mohammad Shamsuddoha, Mohammad Abul Kashem

Blockchain, in general, diversifies supply chain management in record-keeping and maintains authenticity. In addition, traditional issues and challenges like overflow and information overload press down mysteriously whenever the blockchain steering wheel of the supply chain turns. Factually, the miracle and twists in supply chain resilience have not been incorporated under systematic review homogeneously. As a result, this study reviews the potential impact of blockchain on logistics and supply chain (LSC) efficiency. The methodology of this study provides a subjective assessment of the utility of blockchain-based LSC performance.On the other hand, the review reveals new insights on its current acceptance and applications, with a particular emphasis on the Limit Redundancy Mechanism and Core Information-based Direct Comparison. Prospectively, the identified facts under the research paradigm and extensive literature survey will subsidize the practices of blockchain technology and possible areas of extension in supply chain resilience in luminous fashion in the future. After all, this study materializes new solid magnitudes, adaptability, and a realistic overview of blockchain-based LSC movements.

Alena Labanava, Richard Dreyling, Alex Norta

Timely supply of quality pharmaceutical products is seen as not only an important aspect of healthcare system but also a matter of national security. Taking into account the social orientation of the pharmaceutical business, states impose special requirements for the safety, effectiveness, quality, conditions for the sale, transportation and storage of medicinal products. These requirements are not always fulfilled, which gives room for the technology to step in and assist. The aim of this paper is to analyze how smart contracts can help in addressing pharmaceutical supply chain issues with a focus on Belarus, which is the first country in the world to explicitly state that smart contracts are legal. This research uses a case study methodology to examine the potential for implementation of smart contracts in the supply chain of pharmaceutical products, the barriers for that and the possible influence of smart contracts on various stakeholders. Data collection was organized through document review and expert interviews. Results indicated that there are weak spots in the current pharmaceutical supply chain process, such as different kinds of errors in supporting documentation, quality defects and failures in climate control systems. Some vulnerable points in supply chain could be eliminated by smart contracts, for example, faults in maintaining temperature regime during transportation. The study also reveals a number of challenges for implementing smart contracts, such as resistance of users, bureaucracy, costs, the necessity for a lot of participants to be a part of a single network. In this regard, the study went on to propose a pilot project for implementing smart contracts in pharmaceutical supply chain.

RMIT KELSIE NABBEN, Michael Zargham

This paper details ethnographic methods, experiences, and insights from an ethnographer and an industry engaged complex systems engineer in how to study resilience in blockchain‐based DAOs as a novel field site. Amidst digitization of numerous elements of government, work, and everyday life, ‘Decentralized Autonomous Organizations’ (DAOs) provide a field site for the generation of ethnographic insights into opportunities and limitations in organizational resilience in human‐machine assemblages. As a broad organizational form, DAOs aim to enable people to coordinate and govern themselves through automated rules deployed on a public blockchain (Hassan & Di Filippi, 2021). DAOs are an experiment in ‘computer aided governance’. These adaptive, socio‐technical infrastructures are envisioned as capable of restructuring the foundations of governance in human societies (Merkle, 2016; Kolestsi, 2019; Garrod, 2016). Ethnography provides a qualitative tool to elicit the social dynamics of governance, adaptability, and resilience in a context of algorithmic governance and automation. By foregrounding the social dynamics of organizational adaptability and resilience, our resilience framework and vulnerabilities mapping tools help us to operationalize complex domains to de‐mystify and re‐humanize algorithmic systems.

Sandipan Laskar

Abstract Disruptive innovation has extensively changed human interactions, market trends and other aspects such as transportation and communication. Over last decade many new technologies (artificial intelligence, block chain technology, Internet-Of-Things) has changed the way world do business. These new technologies are playing an important role in increasing efficiency and effectiveness in businesses around the world. This paper focuses on application of blockchain technology and use of distributed ledgers to leverage process safety and integrity management program. The focus of safety management system is to evaluate hazards and decrease risks with an assurance that the identified safeguards are effective. All the elements of process safety management program are interlinked so failure or gap in one element will adversely affect the efficacy of the overall process safety management program. The effectiveness of a process safety management depends on many factors such as management support, personnel participation, effective and tamper-proof data management and reporting. So, it takes considerable number of resources to set up and manage these systems. This paper explores use of blockchain and distributed ledgers to effectively manage elements of process safety management program with major focus around integrity management for oil and gas industry. The paper focuses on core 6 elements however the discussion could be applied for the other elements of the process safety management program. This paper provides an overview application of blockchain to different elements of process safety management program discussing the pros and cons. The paper provides a detailed scoping of application of blockchain and distributed ledgers for integrity management program.