Rong Wang, Wei‐Tek Tsai, Juan He, Can Liu · 6 authors
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has played an increasingly important role in the medical field. AI based on big data analysis and deep learning algorithms has become the core driving force for the future development of the medical industry, but the biggest obstacle to its development is incompleteness and inaccuracy of medical data. The main reason is that medical big data is difficult to achieve sharing. This paper studies and analyzes the problems of medical big data sharing, proposes a medical data sharing platform based on permissioned blockchains (BCs), which uses dual-BCs architecture (Account BC and transaction BC), Concurrent Byzantine Fault Tolerance (CBFT) consensus mechanism, encryption technology and smart contract technology. Account BC (ABC) is used to store user data hash after encryption and transaction BC (TBC) is used to process computing tasks. The use of encryption technology ensures that users have full autonomy in their own medical data. Smart contract technology is used to enable users to set up different access permissions of medical data. A TBC can be used by multiple ABCs and TBC does not save users' medical data, but only obtains users' medical data from ABCs when needs computation. When the computing task is completed, the TBC deletes all users' medical data and packages the operation record to save into ABCs, thereby it realizes data sharing while protecting users' privacy. In addition, this paper compares the functions with other medical data systems, analyzes and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the conclusions and future works of the medical data sharing platform based on BC technology are prospected.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Most enterprise blockchain applications rely on real world trust relationship such as the business in financial institutions, entertainment industry, supply chain industry, transportation, education, healthcare services, etc. Hyperledger aims to advance blockchain technology that confederate in the cross-industry to open standard platform for distributed ledgers, which can transform the way business transactions are controlled globally. As we know currently the model of blockchain have permissionless blockchain and permissioned blockchain, which the permissionless blockchain such as Bitcoin cryptocurrency that anyone can operate a node and participate through spending CPU cycle and demonstrating a proof of work. On the other hand, permissioned blockchain model control who participates in validation and in the protocol. More over these nodes typically have established identities and form a consortium. Therefore, to make the innovation application that need the authority and permission for submitting the transaction we will select the hyperledger fabric framework to develop our project. Hence this paper will focus to study to develop a prototype of healthcare service application in dental clinic service. In order to keep records transactions that are accessible and controlled the authority by participants which it has a transaction id number that generate by hash number mechanism running by hyperledger composer. This application will create a trust relationship wherein the goal is to set up a set of participants in an ecosystem that it needed in health care service in the field of sharing the medical equipment and transaction that can save a variety of costs and make an interoperability process in the clinics.
We present an energy-efficient, security-enhanced consensus algorithm to compensate for the security weaknesses that may arise when a node that generates a block is vulnerable in a closed blockchain environment. Consensus algorithms, which are usually used in blockchain environments, use a large amount of hash to create a new block, producing significant energy waste. The consensus algorithm that is proposed in this paper reduces energy waste by generating new blocks in a single operation according to the defined rules of all miner nodes that can generate blocks and converging them into blocks with many identical block values, forming a blockchain.
Xiaochen Zheng, Raghava Rao Mukkamala, Ravi Vatrapu, Joaqun Ordieres-Mere
With the advent of rapid development of wearable technology and mobile computing, huge amount of personal health-related data is being generated and accumulated on continuous basis at every moment. These personal datasets contain valuable information and they belong to and asset of the individual users, hence should be owned and controlled by themselves. Currently most of such datasets are stored and controlled by different service providers and this centralised data storage brings challenges of data security and hinders the data sharing. These personal health data are valuable resources for healthcare research and commercial projects. In this research work, we propose a conceptual design for sharing personal continuous-dynamic health data using blockchain technology supplemented by cloud storage to share the health-related information in a secure and transparent manner. Besides, we also introduce a data quality inspection module based on machine learning techniques to have control over data quality. The primary goal of the proposed system is to enable users to own, control and share their personal health data securely, in a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant way to get benefit from their personal datasets. It also provides an efficient way for researchers and commercial data consumers to collect high quality personal health data for research and commercial purposes.
Blockchain technology is a revolution started as a new economy with an alternative currency namely Bitcoin. Besides the economical aspect, the technological capabilities of Blockchain such as distributed computing, record keeping, irrecoverability of transactions, reliability and etc., are harness
This paper provides a vision and proposes mechanisms to transform the blockchain duplicated computing into distributed parallel computing architecture by transforming smart contract which features data driven from the ground up to support moving computing to native data strategy. This new distributed parallel computing architecture can be employed to build a large size of data set from various distributed hosted medical data sets which might consist of personal electronic medical record (EMR) and various medical data. This large medical data set will enable researchers to jump start the deep learning research for medical domain. Distributed data management, distributed data sharing, and distributed learning are the core mechanisms in the new architecture. The required new researches and developments to employ Google federated learning and transfer learning algorithms in this new architecture are discussed. The approach and mechanism enabled by the new architecture is illustrated to build a real world evidence of clinical trial toward personal and precision medicine. Research issues and technical challenges are provided.
Systems that use blockchain technology to improve the know-your-customer (KYC) process have only been proposed at a conceptual level and all share certain attributes that make their adoption very difficult. We propose and program a blockchain-based system that reduces and shares out among the financial institutions (FIs) that work with a customer the costs of the KYC process and also makes it possible for FIs to dynamically update information related to customers and disseminates this information among participating FIs. Additionally, our system addresses some of the attributes that hinder the adoption of previously proposed solutions by FIs. The result is a stand-alone solution that reduces the cost of the KYC process without requiring any central instance to store the customer's data, and in which FIs share the initial costs of the KYC process as well as the running costs of keeping the information about customers up to date.
David Mendes, Irene Pimenta Rodrigues, César Fonseca, Manuel José Lopes · 6 authors
We introduce our solution developed for data privacy, and specifically for cognitive security that can be enforced and guaranteed using blockchain technology in SAAL (Smart Ambient Assisted Living) environments. Personal clinical and demographic information segments to various levels that assures that it can only be rebuilt at the interested and authorized parties and no profiling can be extracted from the blockchain itself. Using our proposal the access to a patient's clinical process resists tampering and ransomware attacks that have recently plagued the HIS (Hospital Information Systems) in various countries. The core of the blockchain model assures non-repudiation possible by any of the involved information producers thus maintaining ledger fidelity of the enclosed historical process information. One important side effect of this data infrastructure is that it can be accessed in open form, for research purposes for instance, since no individual re-identification or group profiling is possible by any means.
Blockchain is gaining traction and can be termed as one of the furthermost prevalent topics nowadays. Although critics question about its scalability, security, and sustainability, it has already transformed many individuals' lifestyle in some areas due to its inordinate influence on industries and businesses. Granting that the features of blockchain technology guarantee more reliable and expedient services, it is important to consider the security and privacy issues and challenges behind the innovative technology. The spectrum of blockchain applications range from financial, healthcare, automobile, risk management, Internet of things (IoT) to public and social services. Several studies focus on utilizing the blockchain data structure in various applications. However, a comprehensive survey on technical and applications perspective has not yet been accomplished. In this paper, we try to conduct a comprehensive survey on the blockchain technology by discussing its structure to different consensus algorithms as well as the challenges and opportunities from the prospective of security and privacy of data in blockchains. Furthermore, we delve into future trends the blockchain technology can adapt in the years to come.Index Terms- Blockchains, Future Trends of Blockchains, Security, Privacy