Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
5,430 results · page 162 of 227
Ahmed S. Almasoud, Farookh Khadeer Hussain, Omar Khadeer Hussain
No abstract is available for this record.
Wei Xiong, Li Xiong
No abstract is available for this record.
Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Eswaran Perumal, K. Shankar, Usman Tariq · 6 authors
In recent times, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have become a core part of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), which aim to achieve continual Internet connectivity among vehicles on the road. The VANET has been used to improve driving safety and construct an ITS in modern cities. However, owing to the wireless characteristics, the message transmitted through the network can be observed, altered, or forged. Since driving safety is a major part of VANET, the security and privacy of these messages must be preserved. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient privacy-preserving data transmission architecture that makes use of blockchain technology in cluster-based VANET. The cluster-based VANET architecture is used to achieve load balancing and minimize overhead in the network, where the clustering process is performed using the rainfall optimization algorithm (ROA). The ROA-based clustering with blockchain-based data transmission, called a ROAC-B technique, initially clusters the vehicles, and communication takes place via blockchain technology. A sequence of experiments was conducted to ensure the superiority of the ROAC-B technique, and several aspects of the results were considered. The simulation outcome showed that the ROAC-B technique is superior to other techniques in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), end to end (ETE) delay, throughput, and cluster size.
Yu-Kai Tseng, Chia-Hui Wang, Ray-I Chang
Due to the rapid development of IoT systems and applications, a large amount of sensors' data has been generated. Processing and analyzing these data provide users with better applications in diversity. However, current wireless sensing nodes still have a significant issue of power consumption. As the application requirements usually have bounded-error tolerance in IoT systems, our previous research proposed bounded-error data compression to extend the lifetime of IoT system. Meanwhile, the IoT data storing and sharing often rely on the third party service providers. It created another issues of data privacy. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a bounded-error IoT (BIoT) data privacy protection scheme via blockchain smart contract to provide secure data storing and sharing. BIoT not only extends the lifetime of IoT systems, but also provides different levels of service quality in privacy protection according to the agreement of the rights and payment in smart contract. Experimental results demonstrate that BIoT can prolong the IoT system lifetime with data privacy protection.
Xuanmei Qin, Yongfeng Huang, Zhen Yang, Xing Li
No abstract is available for this record.
R. Mythili, Revathi Venkataraman
No abstract is available for this record.
Yan Xiao-yan, Qilin Wu, Sun You-ming
With its decentralization, reliable database, security, and quasi anonymity, blockchain provides a new solution for data storage and sharing as well as privacy protection. This paper combines the advantages of blockchain and edge computing and constructs the key technology solutions of edge computing based on blockchain. On one hand, it achieves the security protection and integrity check of cloud data; and on the other hand, it also realizes more extensive secure multiparty computation. In order to assure the operating efficiency of blockchain and alleviate the computational burden of client, it also introduces the Paillier cryptosystem which supports additive homomorphism. The task execution side encrypts all data, while the edge node can process the ciphertext of the data received, acquire and return the ciphertext of the final result to the client. The simulation experiment proves that the proposed algorithm is effective and feasible.
Yunlong Lu, Xiaohong Huang, Ke Zhang, Sabita Maharjan · 5 authors
Emerging technologies, such as digital twins and 6th generation (6G) mobile networks, have accelerated the realization of edge intelligence in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The integration of digital twin and 6G bridges the physical system with digital space and enables robust instant wireless connectivity. With increasing concerns on data privacy, federated learning has been regarded as a promising solution for deploying distributed data processing and learning in wireless networks. However, unreliable communication channels, limited resources, and lack of trust among users hinder the effective application of federated learning in IIoT. In this article, we introduce the digital twin wireless networks (DTWN) by incorporating digital twins into wireless networks, to migrate real-time data processing and computation to the edge plane. Then, we propose a blockchain empowered federated learning framework running in the DTWN for collaborative computing, which improves the reliability and security of the system and enhances data privacy. Moreover, to balance the learning accuracy and time cost of the proposed scheme, we formulate an optimization problem for edge association by jointly considering digital twin association, training data batch size, and bandwidth allocation. We exploit multiagent reinforcement learning to find an optimal solution to the problem. Numerical results on real-world dataset show that the proposed scheme yields improved efficiency and reduced cost compared to benchmark learning methods.
Unal Tatar, Yasir Gökçe, Brian Nussbaum
No abstract is available for this record.
Chung‐Hua Chu
No abstract is available for this record.
En Zhang, Ming Li, Siu‐Ming Yiu, Jiao Du · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Yunlong Lu, Xiaohong Huang, Ke Zhang, Sabita Maharjan · 5 authors
Emerging technologies, such as mobile-edge computing (MEC) and next-generation communications are crucial for enabling rapid development and deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the increasing scale of IoT networks, how to optimize the network and allocate the limited resources to provide high-quality services remains a major concern. The existing work in this direction mainly relies on models that are of less practical value for resource-limited IoT networks, and can hardly simulate the dynamic systems in real time. In this article, we integrate digital twins with edge networks and propose the digital twin edge networks (DITENs) to fill the gap between physical edge networks and digital systems. Then, we propose a blockchain-empowered federated learning scheme to strengthen communication security and data privacy protection in DITEN. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of the integrated scheme, we propose an asynchronous aggregation scheme and use digital twin empowered reinforcement learning to schedule relaying users and allocate spectrum resources. Theoretical analysis and numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme can considerably enhance both communication efficiency and data security for IoT applications.
Shuang Sun, Shudong Chen, Rong Du
In a distributed system, cross-domain access control is an important mechanism to realize secure data sharing among multiple domains. Most of the existing cross-domain access control mechanisms are generally based on a single-server architecture, which has limitations in terms of security and reliability (the access decision may be incorrect) and completeness and confidentiality (the access records can be modified). Blockchain technology with decentralization, verifiability, and immutability properties can solve these problems. Motivated by these facts, in this article, we construct a trusted and efficient cross-domain access control system based on blockchain. Consequently, we integrate blockchain and role mapping technology to provide reliable and verifiable cross-domain access process. We use blockchain to record user roles, role mapping rules, access policies, and audit records, realizing user self-validation, and access nonreputation. Considering the low throughput of the blockchain, we design an efficient smart contract to make the access decision based on the access history of users. Finally, a performance evaluation of the system is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.
Fan Li, Yuchuan Fu, Pincan Zhao, Changle Li
With the increase in the number of on-board sensors, vehicles have shown great potential in mobile crowdsensing. To ensure the capability of the vehicular crowdsensing system, it is necessary to inspire sufficient vehicles to participate. However, due to personal interests and privacy protection, this goal is not easy to achieve. In addition, uncertain mobility of vehicles also brings challenges to the design of incentive mechanism. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism for nondeterministic vehicular crowdsensing with blockchain (INVCB), which can effectively incentivize vehicles while protecting user privacy. We first propose a framework for nondeterministic vehicular crowdsensing with blockchain and design a series of smart contracts to automate the crowdsensing process. Then, in order to improve the quality of sensing data, we add reputation attribute to each user, and provide an incentive mechanism that considers reputation. Extensive simulation results show the performance of our proposal is reliable and effective.
Weimin Xin
This paper introduced a best practice on personal health data management on blockchain technology. When the global community is dealing with COVID-19 pandemic and economy reopen strategy, a solid solution is needed to cover various aspects: health data collection and monitoring, data privacy control, immutable data record, global identity and cross region collaboration. By using distributed ledger technology, decentralized identity, verifiable credential, and distributed storage, we built the GreenPass solution to address COVID-19 mitigation and economy reopen issues at the community level. We also envision GreenPass solution as the personal data vault with data ownership and permission management, as a green passport for a person to the future of "data as a personal property right" new world.
Jieren Cheng, Luyi Xie, Xiangyan Tang, Naixue Xiong · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Laizhong Cui, Xiaoxin Su, Zhongxing Ming, Ziteng Chen · 7 authors
Edge computing architectures can help us quickly process the data collected by Internet of Things (IoT) and caching files to edge nodes can speed up the response speed of IoT devices requesting files. Blockchain architectures can help us ensure the security of data transmitted by IoT. Therefore, we have proposed a system that combines IoT devices, edge nodes, remote cloud, and blockchain. In the system, we designed a new algorithm in which blockchain-assisted compressed algorithm of federated learning is applied for content caching, called CREAT to predict cached files. In the CREAT algorithm, each edge node uses local data to train a model and then uses the model to learn the features of users and files, so as to predict popular files to improve the cache hit rate. In order to ensure the security of edge nodes’ data, we use federated learning (FL) to enable multiple edge nodes to cooperate in training without sharing data. In addition, for the purpose of reducing communication load in FL, we will compress gradients uploaded by edge nodes to reduce the time required for communication. What is more, in order to ensure the security of the data transmitted in the CREAT algorithm, we have incorporated blockchain technology in the algorithm. We design four smart contracts for decentralized entities to record and verify the transactions to ensure the security of data. We used MovieLens data sets for experiments and we can see that CREAT greatly improves the cache hit rate and reduces the time required to upload data.
Monia Lusetti, Luca Salsi, Andrea Dallatana
No abstract is available for this record.
Junwei Zhang, Fan Yang, Zhuo Ma, Zhuzhu Wang · 6 authors
With the rapid development of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicle-based spatial crowdsourcing (SC) applications have been proposed and widely applied to various fields. However, location privacy leakage is a serious issue in spatial crowdsourcing because workers who participate in a crowdsourcing task are required to upload their driving locations. In this paper, we propose a decentralized location privacy-preserving SC for IoV, which allows vehicle users to securely participate in SC with ensuring the task's location policy privacy and providing multi-level privacy preservation for workers' locations. Specifically, we introduce blockchain technology into SC, which can eliminate the control of vehicle user data by SC-server. We combine the additively homomorphic encryption and circle-based location verification to ensure the confidentiality of task's location policy. To achieve multi-level privacy preservation for workers' driving locations, we only reveal a grid where workers are located in. The size of the grid represents the level of privacy preservation. We leverage the order-preserving encryption and non-interactive zero-knowledge proof to prevent workers from illegally obtaining rewards by forging their driving locations. The security analysis results show that our framework can satisfy the above requirements. In addition, the experiment results demonstrate that our framework is efficient and feasible in practice.
Gianluigi M. Riva
Blockchain is a disruptive technology presented in 2008 that allows both scarcity and timestamps to be introduced to the digital world. Whereas many technological applications may benefit from this architecture, it involves direct conflict with both Privacy rights and Data Protection rules, as introduced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study first provides an overview of what blockchain is, how it works, and how it can affect privacy. It describes how this technology functions, thanks to binary ledgers distributed amongst the system nodes, and what role they play in validating the succession of blocks. The work analyses how blockchain can be applied to innovative fields and investigates related Privacy issues. Indeed, the chain can certify the time, the parties and the object included in a ‘block’ but cannot guarantee the legal validity, the veracity or correctness of the content. Furthermore, its immutability is in direct conflict with the right to be forgotten. In addition, due to the distributed nature of the system, it does not allow identification of data controllers and, consequentially, the accountable subject for the personal data processed within the digital ledger. The aim of the study is to highlight the characteristics of the proposed solution, i.e. supporting centralised governance of blockchain infrastructures to ensure control over the distributed nodes, as well as having the capability to intervene in modifying the chain when the law requires it. This set of interventions would also render publicly available the personal information within the blockchain with different levels of accessibility (‘Privacy by Layers’ (PbL)) and, therefore, provide log control that can ensure compliance with the Data Protection regulatory framework. To provide complete analysis on the matter, the study also addresses how Intelligent Systems running on a blockchain-based infrastructure that holds pieces of personal information can clash with Article 22 of the GDPR on automated decisions when it affects the fundamental rights of individuals. Finally, the conclusions crystallise the legal remarks by stressing the essential elements of the analysis that emerged during the study and framing them within the bigger picture of how the Law addresses social or technological phenomena.
Ze Xu, Sanxing Cao
In the Internet era, electronic voting has replaced traditional paper voting forms with advantages of low cost, high work efficiency, and low errors. A blockchain as a trustworthy and secure decentralized and distributed network provides new ideas for electronic voting schemes. The paper proposes an electronic voting scheme based on a distributed SM2 encryption scheme with differential privacy mechanism, designing and implementing smart contracts based on the proposed secure voting scheme. The performance of the proposed voting scheme is tested on the Ethereum's private chain, and its test contents include the computing cost and network consumption of key methods. The test results show that the blockchain-based voting scheme designed in this paper has good performance, and it also proves the feasibility and correctness of the voting scheme.
Zhihuai Chen, Xiaoming Sun, Xiaohan Shan, Jialin Zhang
We use cooperative game theory to model mining pools and design reward allocation schemes in this paper. Specifically, we propose a cooperative game model named as “Decentralized Mining Pool Game (DMPG)” The player set of DMPG is the set of all pool managers and the utility function is defined as the sum of block rewards and transaction fees. In our model, we take miners in pools as normal nodes rather than only as computational powers, that is, all miners joining mining pools also participate in the propagation and validation of transactions in the network, this setting can effectively avoid the formation of centralized mining pools. We design two kinds of reward allocation schemes for DMPG and present efficient methods to compute them. One scheme is the stable allocation scheme which focuses on maintaining the rationality of miners (i.e. the core of DMPG) and the security of mining pools (i.e. resistance to pool block withholding attack). The other kind of scheme is the fair allocation scheme which focuses on the fairness of miners (i.e. the Shapley value of DMPG).
Xin Liu, Man Guo, Bin Zhang, Xuzhou Li
Abstract Currently, attribute-based authentication provides a feasible solution for fine-grained access control in cloud environment. However, the existing schemes can not solve the following problems at the same time, that is, how to ensure that the computation cost of the client does not depend on the size of underlying access structure, and how to introduce distributed authorities to manage and maintain the attribute universe. To solve the above problems, an efficient multi-authority attribute-based authentication scheme is proposed. The new scheme uses the technique of distributed attribute-based encryption to realize the access control of anonymous users, and reduces users’ computation burden by optimizing the standard implementation zero-knowledge proof and outsourcing users’ computing tasks in the authentication stage. Under the new definition of security, it can be proved that the new scheme is secure and satisfies many attractive properties, such as introducing distributed authorities, supporting outsourcing computation, satisfying attribute anonymity.
Nejc Rožman, Marko Corn, Janez Diaci
Recently, smart-parking systems were proposed employing blockchain technology to ensure security, transparency, and availability of services. Building on a principle of complete system decentralization, we present the concept and implementation of a privacy-preserving solution for renting parking spaces. The anonymity of users is ensured by a combination of zero knowledge proofs, commitment schemes, differential privacy and fungible tokens. We compare implementations on three different public blockchain networks: Ethereum, EOS, and Tron. We analyze security and privacy of the proposed system and evaluate how ensuring anonymity affects user experience. We conduct user-oriented test to explore the performance (transaction time and cost) of the system in realistic situations. Results indicate that the proposed concept is feasible while employing current blockchain technology. EOS and Tron implementations currently provide performance that matches existing centralized systems. The performance of Ethereum implementation would probably not meet user expectations.