Blockchain Papers

Constantin Lichti, Endrit Ademi, Andranik Tumasjan

No abstract is available for this record.

Josue Janampa, Jean Pierre Pinedo, Sandra Rodríguez, Karem Ulloa

No abstract is available for this record.

Mohammad Sarram, Najah Al-shanableh, Suhaib Anagreh, Mohammad Motasem Alrfai · 10 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Ghasan Alfalah, Abobakr Al-Sakkaf, Eslam Mohammed Abdelkader, Saleh Rawdhan · 6 authors

Smart contracts have the ability to address a variety of important obstacles in the construction business, such as contract conflicts and payment issues. Likewise, it may facilitate the adoption of building information modeling (BIM) in the industry. Poor adoption of distributed ledger technology in the Arabian construction sector stems from a variety of impediments. The usage of smart technology is growing in popularity across the globe in the recent few years. Nonetheless, in the Arab world, there are not enough experts who are aware of how smart contract technology can make the construction sector more efficient, collaborative, and transparent in the digital era. With that in mind, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using smart contracts in the construction industry. To accomplish its goals, this study mostly uses descriptive statistics to analyze the collected data from questionnaire surveys. This research utilizes an illustrative diagram to map the potentials and obstacles to the adoption of smart contracts from the respondents’ perspective. According to the conducted analysis, there are five main potentials and barriers to smart contract implementation, namely, the Internet of Things, data reliability, stakeholders, security for distributed systems, and finance and economics. Additionally, the questionnaire survey yielded 21 potentials such as better risk allocation, decreased transaction time and cost, and ease of understanding by multiple stakeholders. Moreover, the conducted survey obtained 19 barriers such as slow learning curve, high training and education costs, and cybersecurity concerns. It can be argued that the present research study can assist in endorsing the adoption of smart contracts in the Arabian construction market.

Ahmad Y. A. Bani Ahmad, Anas Ahmad Bani Atta, Ahmad Mohammad Obaid Gharaibeh, Ali Ateeq · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Sarthak Dhingra, Rakesh D. Raut, Koteswararao Naik, Kamalakanta Muduli

Understanding the prospective of blockchain technology and its uses in the healthcare sector is essential so that its considerable implementation can support the industry’s much-needed digitization. Furthermore, blockchain can provide answers to the issues in the healthcare industry today. Blockchain’s features like security, traceability, transparency, cost efficiency etc. can help bring supply chain transparency, health record management and prevent drug counterfeiting. Blockchain has emerged as a promising technology with great ability to bring changes to the healthcare sector. Therefore, this study aims to comprehend the current state of blockchain technology research in the healthcare supply chains. Further, it presents potential repercussions and the potential routes it may open for future research initiatives in this area. A systematic literature (SLR) process has been used and conducted in two stages. In the first stage, articles were identified through literature search and were subjected to keyword selection, database search and screening process. Finally, 124 papers were categorized through bibliographic coupling. A detailed investigation of these included papers was performed in the second stage with descriptive and content analysis. The results reveal that research related to blockchain applications or implementation is at a nascent stage. The publications in this area have been rising steadily over the past few years. When it comes to publishing in this field, India is the most productive nation while IEEE Access is the most productive journal. Applications for blockchain technology in healthcare include medical insurance, remote patient monitoring, medication supply chain management, electronic health records (EHRs), and more. The most popular use case is EHR management. The analysis further conveys that findings are less generalizable due to more theoretical or less empirically designed studies published in this domain. This study will help stakeholders, policymakers, researchers, and managers in taking strategic decisions regarding the adoption of the technology in the healthcare industry. This study is done concerning the blockchain’s use in the healthcare sector context, so other emerging technologies and sectors not taken must be considered while generalizing the results. This study is among the few up-to-date consolidated attempts to present a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis for assessing blockchain technology’s potential in the healthcare sector. It provides an overview of the published work with implications and proposed cluster-wise future research directions.

Seyedeh Mehrafarin Ezzati, Roghayyeh Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Akbari Jokar

Efficiency and transparency are crucial for successful procurement in supply chains. Buyers need to select the right suppliers to avoid wasting money on unsuitable ones. To develop a trustworthy procurement system, we envision an online purchasing platform where transactions are secure and automated, and supplier performance is evaluated using real-time data. In this setting, buyers can confidently make purchases, and selecting or assessing a new supplier becomes less time-consuming. Companies can collaborate with the best partners according to their priorities, without solely relying on information provided by suppliers. Such a system offers a fair and transparent evaluation of supplier performance, benefiting both buyers and suppliers. Blockchain technology, along with its powerful tool, smart contracts, can make this goal a reality. In this paper, we propose an online purchasing platform based on the Ethereum blockchain that utilizes smart contracts to record data and provide precise information for supplier performance evaluation (SPE) systems. This system also ensures a secure payment process, significantly reducing the role of third parties. We test our system under various potential security scenarios, demonstrating its robustness for conducting transactions. Additionally, a cost analysis shows that the proposed system is highly cost-efficient, especially for large-volume orders.

Gokuleshwaran Narayanan, Ivan Cvitić, Dragan Peraković, S. P. Raja

Today, the primary issues for both physical and online retailers are fake and stolen goods. The likelihood that this product is fake is unknown to consumers. They lack a clear method to check the product’s integrity. This not only jeopardizes consumer trust but also imposes significant financial ramifications on both buyers and sellers. Therefore, we suggest a method in which we incorporate blockchain technology to confirm the product’s integrity. Central to our proposition is the integration of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as unique digital identifiers, combined with the dual security layers of holographic labels and RFID tags. This system operates on a private blockchain, ensuring enhanced scalability and transaction efficiency. Furthermore, the mechanism incorporates a collateral system initiated upon order placement, incentivizing honesty and timely delivery among participants. In the event of discrepancies, a robust dispute resolution system, underpinned by a voting mechanism, ensures fairness and trustworthiness. Our experimental implementation demonstrates the system’s effectiveness in reducing costs and enhancing transparency in supply chain management. The results highlight the potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing supply chain management, offering a compelling alternative to traditional systems with reduced costs and increased security and transparency.

Wafaa A. N. A. Al-Nbhany, Ammar T. Zahary, Asma A. Al-Shargabi

Despite the increasing reliance on the Internet of Things (IoT) as a basic infrastructure for future applications. Integrating blockchain technology with IoT extensively helps provide basic security requirements owing to the built-in security structure of the blockchain. Healthcare IoT applications are one of the industries that will be revolutionized by using IoT-blockchain technology. This review aims to provide an integrated understanding of blockchain IoT healthcare applications. The methodology of our paper is to review the literature from 2018 to 2023, paying more attention to research that intersects and integrates IoT, Blockchain, and healthcare applications. This review addresses IoT-based blockchain types and technologies, healthcare applications, sensors, hardware tools, application databases, programming languages, software tools, challenges and open issues, and solutions with their advantages and limitations. We then compared our work with existing works on common metrics. The study in this paper includes 14 blockchain IOT healthcare applications: remote patient monitoring, patient tracking, disease prediction, tracking COVID-19, image retrieval, security of medical records, smart telemedicine, securing the Internet of Medical Things, big data, blockchain and sensors, accurate medical decisions, health monitoring, tracking soldiers, and solar energy.

C. Vinoth Kumar, Poongundran Selvaprabhu, Nivetha Baska, Vivek Menon U · 7 authors

The Know Your Customer (KYC) process is a fundamental prerequisite for any financial institution’s compliance with the regulatory framework. Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary solution to enhance the effectiveness of the KYC procedure. It ensures that the KYC process is transparent, secure, and immutable, thereby offering a robust solution to combat fraudulent activities. The potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing the KYC process has been acknowledged globally. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized platform for storing customer data, enabling financial institutions to access the information seamlessly. Using ethereum blockchain technology in KYC procedures can enhance the efficiency of financial institutions, significantly reducing the time and cost associated with the process. This work aims to provide a viable and sustainable solution to the challenges that banks experience in implementing KYC procedures and onboarding new customers. The proposed solution involves the central bank maintaining a comprehensive register of all registered banks while closely monitoring their adherence to the existing regulations governing KYC and customer acquisition.

Andrew Ebekozien, Clinton Aigbavboa, Samuel Adeniyi Adekunle, Mohamad Shaharudin Samsurijan · 7 authors

Abstract Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

Khaled Saleh Al-Omoush, Ana M. Gómez‐Olmedo, Andrés Gómez Funes

No abstract is available for this record.

IJSREM Journal

The health problems of this world's population are universal. Everyone nowadays values protecting their personal health information. No one likes to let people in on their vulnerabilities. Electronic Health Records (EHR) were developed as a solution to this issue. However, several writers have pointed out that there are drawbacks with EHR, including as costs, data loss, security threats, and others. In this study, we will explore how blockchain may replace EHR and other healthcare record keeping methods. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that records and verifies all transactions via the use of hash values and referencing of prior blocks. Since blockchain is becoming more popular in the medical industry. Blockchain ensures the confidentiality, availability, auditability, and manageability of health records conveniently. Keyword Blockchain, Smart contracts, PHR (Personal Health Records), healthcare, access control.

Manaf Al‐Okaily, Dmaithan Almajali, Aws Al-Okaily, Tha’er Majali

Purpose The recent progress of digital accounting has significantly affected businesses’ sustainable production process. Businesses generally use digital accounting applications to automate their operational procedures and increase their corporate efficiencies through improved output quality and sustainability. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to look into the antecedent factors that directly and indirectly influence blockchain technology adoption in the context of digital accounting systems. Design/methodology/approach The data of the current study were obtained from 346 accountants working in information technology companies. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the research proposal model. Findings The empirical results confirmed that the adoption of blockchain technology is most considerably impacted by perceived usefulness, whereby it was also revealed that perceived ease of use has a direct and indirect effect on blockchain technology adoption. Originality/value According to the researchers’ knowledge, this study addresses a vital research gap in the literature by suggesting a comprehensive research model that can help garner enhanced usage of blockchain technology and its implications in digital accounting systems in the Jordanian context.

Ye Zhen, Qiao Wen, Ruyuan Wang, Wenli Wang

In order to explore the impact of the application of blockchain technology on enterprise performance, as well as the mechanism of enterprise risk and the information disclosure quality on this impact process, and taking the data of A-share listed companies in China’s manufacturing industry from 2015 to 2022 as a research sample, this paper adopts methods such as multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) modeling to conduct an empirical investigation. Findings: The application of blockchain technology can improve enterprise performance. Enterprise risk plays a partial mediating effect, because blockchain technology can reduce enterprise risk and thereby improve enterprise performance. Information disclosure quality has an inhibitory influence on the process by which blockchain technology affects enterprise risk and a facilitating influence on the process by which enterprise risk affects enterprise performance. The results show that manufacturing enterprises with low information disclosure quality can reduce enterprise risk by combining with blockchain technology in production, management, and other aspects, thus improving enterprise performance and promoting sustainable development of enterprise economy.

Ozlem Bak, Ashley Braganza, Weifeng Chen

Blockchain technology enables supply chains to share and distribute data in secured and decentralised environments through validators who trust and validate transactions.The use of blockchain was crucial in the context of the healthcare supply chain (HCSC) during COVID-19, where transactions were secure, and links throughout the supply chain were physically disrupted.Current research has focused on the blockchain application in industry, reviewing its architecture and the mechanisms involved.However, limited empirical studies consider HCSCs and the associated implementation challenges.In this sense, our case study of Indian hospitals has engaged with various stakeholders of the HCSC including clinicians, nurses, doctors, hospital managers, and digital healthcare equipment companies to explore the context to answer the following research questions: (i) What is the impact of the blockchain technology in the HCSC context? and (ii) What are the challenges faced in utilising blockchain technologies in the HCSC?Our findings indicate that the challenges blockchain implementation faced were based on variations in patients' treatment needs, data storage and privacy, interoperability, digital transformation, technology resistance, training and skills development, resource restraints and capabilities, and supply chain-wide collaboration.The study emphasises challenges for Blockchain in HCSC setting that both practitioners and academics need to be cognisant of.

AMRUTHA BK -, B. Gomathy

Now-a-days block chain and artificial intelligence are the two emerging technologies. Both strategies bring change to the market, but the level of creativity and complexity varies. Block chain is a decentralized and distributed ledger technology which is used for storing information in multiple locations without any centralized monitoring system. Artificial intelligence imitates the problem-solving capability of human mind and decision making abilities by using computers, data, and sometimes machines. When both technologies are merged, their formed new opportunities and possibilities from the advantages of both, like productivity gain and the security and transparency. The convergence of AI with blockchain technology can bring a wide change in businesses by securing data , transparent data, and making it overall efficient. One of the most useful concepts of the two technologies is in cybersecurity. The technologies, which combine the capabilities of AI with the block chain's dependable, scattered nature, may be utilized to enable management of recourses and decision making in areas such as education, impact on society, healthcare, agricultural production, urban planning, and others. Artificial intelligence (AI) is capable of helping detect and react to risks, whereas the integrity and security of information may be ensured using blockchain technology. A comprehensive survey of various applications of blockchain for AI has been completed. Evaluated various literature based on the technologies, and the new blockchain-based applications, mediums, and technological advances that target the AI sector were collected and summarized. In addition, Open research issues concerning the use of blockchain technology for AI are addressed.

Alvina Ekua Ntefua Saah, Jurng-Jae Yee, Jaeho Choi

The construction industry, characterized by its intricate network of stakeholders and diverse workforce, grapples with the challenge of managing information effectively. This study delves into this issue, recognizing the universal importance of safeguarding data, particularly amid rising concerns around unauthorized access and breaches. Aiming to harness the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges, this study used hypothetical biographical and safety data of construction workers securely stored on a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. Developed within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud platform, this blockchain infrastructure emerged as a robust solution for enhancing data security and privacy. Anchored in the core principles of data security, the model emerges as a potent defender against the vulnerabilities of traditional data management systems. Beyond its immediate implications, this study exemplifies the marriage of blockchain technology and the construction sector, and its potential for reshaping workforce management, especially in high-risk projects and optimizing risk assessment, resource allocation, and safety measures to mitigate work-related injuries. Practical validation through transaction testing using Hyperledger Explorer validates the model’s feasibility and operational effectiveness, thus serving as a blueprint for the industry’s data management. Ultimately, this research not only showcases the promise of blockchain technology in addressing construction data security challenges but also underscores its practical applicability through comprehensive testing, thus heralding a new era of data management that harmonizes security and efficiency for stakeholders’ benefit.

A. Anitha, M. Priya, M. K. Nallakaruppan, Deepa Natesan · 6 authors

INTRODUCTION: Supply chain management is the management process of the flow of goods, and services related to financial functionalities, procurement of raw materials delivery to the final destination. OBJECTIVES: Since the traditional supply chain process lacks data visibility, trustworthiness, and distributed ledger, the need for the blockchain mechanism to ensure the time-stamped transactions to provide a secured supply chain process has been introduced and integrated. METHODS: The distributed nature of the blockchain helps in organizing the supply chain and engaging the customers with real, verifiable, and immutable data. Blockchain technology enables these transactions to be tracked in a very secure and transparent manner. In this paper, we, therefore, propose a framework that utilizes blockchain and key Escrow encryption systems to optimize the security of supply chains to improve services for global business survivability. RESULTS: The comparative analysis with the existing benchmarking techniques with respect to the key size, key generation time, and key distribution time was carried out with the proposed model and found that proposed work provides better results. CONCLUSION: This proposed system can track the authenticity of the product and details about the manufacturer of that particular product. Thus, the paper concludes the proposed work enhances data’s integrity, traceability, and availability and single-point failure can be resolved or reduced using blockchain mechanism.

Zenah Mahmoud AlKubaisy, Sabah Abdullah Al-Somali

The rapid advancements in blockchain technology have heralded a new era for various industries, including the supply chain and logistics. However, despite the promising opportunities, the adoption of blockchain within supply chain and logistics still needs to be explored, especially in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated the impact of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on blockchain adoption among Saudi supply chain and logistics companies. The study also tested cultural compatibility’s moderating role in solving blockchain issues. A quantitative method approach was employed, utilizing a survey questionnaire. Data were gathered from various stakeholders across the industry, including managers, IT experts, and logistics professionals. The findings indicate that relative advantage, top management support, and competitors influence blockchain technology adoption significantly and positively. However, openness to innovation use has an insignificant effect on adoption. Government support demonstrates the strongest positive influence on blockchain adoption, whereas vendor orientation and support showed an insignificant impact. Both blockchain technology adoption and the cultural compatibility of blockchain solutions significantly enhance operational excellence, but the moderating effect of cultural compatibility of blockchain solutions shows no effect on operational excellence. This study stands out as one of the first explorations into blockchain adoption in the supply chain and logistics sector within the Saudi context, identifying the factors contributing to blockchain’s successful implementation for operational excellence.

Ananth S Dev, Anand V Pranav, R. Kamalesh, M. Jeevanantham · 5 authors

Blockchain is a new discipline founded on the concept of a digitally distributed ledger and consensus algorithm this eliminates all risks associated with intermediaries. Its early applications were in the banking industry, but since then, it’s been expanded to almost everything major research areas, including education, banking, IoT, supply chain, governance, defence, and healthcare. Interoperability, security, authenticity, transparency, and simplified transactions and healthcare stakeholders made a demand on it by (research organizations, patients, providers, supply chain bearers and payers,). By employing a patient-centric approach and eliminating the third party, blockchain technology, which is established over the internet, can utilize current data in healthcare in a peer-to-peer and that are interoperable one. Here we have produced a survey paper on block chain’s significant role and how it operates in the healthcare sector.

Pham Vu Hong Son, Vo Thanh Thien, Nghiep Trinh Nguyen Dang

No abstract is available for this record.

Umesh Kumar Sahu, Amit Jain, Rahul Chaurasia, Kamal Kant Hiran

In the modern era, pharmaceutical supply chains evolving into intricate and automated networks that hold significant potential for several benefits to its stakeholders. However, one of the main challenges lies in maintaining data origin traceability throughout this complex supply chain network. Conventional supply networks typically rely on centralized third-party intermediaries, which can cause transparency, accountability, and auditability issues. To address these challenges, some businesses are leveraging blockchain technology and smart contracts, implementing them on the Ethereum blockchain. While blockchain can provide immutability for data and records within the network, it does not entirely resolve issues related to the credibility of involved entities, the accountability of the trading process, and the complete traceability of items in the supply chain. The healthcare industry often grapples with issues concerning data privacy, transparency, and authenticity of the information. This paper delves into a solution for enhancing the tracking of healthcare products by utilizing the Ethereum blockchain alongside smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage. The implementation of a smart contract serves to ensure the origin of data, eliminates intermediary parties, and furnishes all involved parties with a dependable and immutable record of every transaction.

Kannan Govindan, Preeti Jain, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Ruchi Mishra

Balancing efficiency and resilience in any supply chain commences from its ability to secure supplier networks. Blockchain technology applications in procurement can work as a major enabler in this process. Despite the unquestionable relevance of Blockchain Technology (BCT)-integrated Procurement, no comprehensive review exists. Considering this significant research gap, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive literature review by deeply examining 95 highly relevant papers published from January 2012 to Sep 2023. Existing literature studies suggest BCT as the imitable enabler of the Procurement 4.0 era, yet the topic has not been fully explored and researched. This study identifies noteworthy deficits in theoretical underpinnings, technological contributions in generating new revenue models, radical impacts anticipated on the procurement organization restructuring, and so forth. The research is timely and importantly advantageous because it offers a holistic view of relevant literature-driven evidence about a range of existing dimensions on the subject. More specifically, this study provides exhaustive key recommendations for future research on BCT applications in procurement utilizing the Theory, Context, and Methodology (TCM) framework.