Mohammad Adel El Sehayl, Ahmad Almaaz, Khaleel Mershad, Nadine Abbas
The Interplanetary File System (IPFS) is a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol for distributed file storage and sharing. It is one of the main pillars towards reaching the Web3 technology, which depends heavily on decentralization. IPFS ensures more control over stored data even across untrusted nodes. However, IPFS lacks various security measures, such as encryption, to ensure the confidentiality of the stored data. This paper suggests a parallel encryption engine incorporated within IPFS to enhance data security while maintaining high performance and speed. The paper specifically proposes a novel parallelized symmetric encryption framework that encrypts data chunks before distributing them across the IPFS network. Also, the engine uses hardware-accelerated instructions to ensure speedup and robustness. Various factors were considered to evaluate the research contributions, such as encryption speed, storage overhead, and retrieval efficiency. The obtained results signify the importance of incorporating encryption into IPFS to ensure data privacy without compromising performance. Furthermore, unauthorized access and data leakage can be prevented through encryption, enabling IPFS to become more suitable for sensitive data storage in decentralized environments. In general, the contributions of this research support the advancement towards Web3 by protecting users’ data without aggravating the IPFS system efficiency and performance.
The current scientific system faces systemic challenges. Decentralized Science (DeSci) has emerged as a technological extension of the Open Science (OS) movement, aiming to improve transparency, accessibility, and equity in research through blockchain and Web3 technologies. While DeSci has gained traction in Western countries, little is known about its adoption in non-Western contexts. Here, we surveyed 37 researchers and technologists active in Japan’s emerging decentralized‑science (DeSci) during spring 2024 to assess how far the movement has progressed and what impedes its progress. Roughly 60% of respondents had already worked on blockchain projects and more than 80% owned crypto assets, yet almost 90% had discovered DeSci only in the past two years. Respondents largely embraced DeSci’s five core ideals: shared governance, transparent funding, open access, shared ownership, and equitable incentives. Meanwhile, four obstacles to growth were highlighted: low public awareness, difficulty sustaining engagement, limited talent diversity, and regulatory uncertainty. Taken together, the findings suggest that Japan’s DeSci community should also invest not only in further technical changes, but also in training, in broadening its talent base, and in setting clear guidelines. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the DeSci landscape in Japan and offers recommendations for its future development.
Digital identity verification is central to trust management on the evolving decentralized web. Traditional web-based identity models, which are heavily centralized and dependent on trusted intermediaries, pose significant challenges related to user privacy, data security, and regulatory compliance, especially in sensitive contexts such as Know Your Customer (KYC) processes. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving KYC verification framework leveraging Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), and smart contracts, explicitly designed as a decentralized trust infrastructure for web-based interoperable payments. Our approach enables users to verify their identities across multiple platforms without revealing sensitive personal information, thereby significantly reducing long-term reliance on centralized authorities and enhancing user control and privacy. Furthermore, our system achieves cross-chain interoperability, ensuring that identity verification credentials can be securely and efficiently recognized across diverse Web3 ecosystems. We present a detailed prototype implementation of our DID framework, highlighting its ability to meet regulatory requirements while ensuring seamless interoperability across platforms. Comprehensive performance evaluations, including metrics on proof generation time, gas consumption, and transaction costs, demonstrate that the framework achieves low-latency verification and efficient execution, making it suitable for high-throughput, web-scale deployment.
Pooja Raut, Mayuresh Shinde, Simran Tiwari, A. L. Pereira · 5 authors
Most traditional carpooling schemes rely on centralized agents, with potential issues regarding trust, transparency, and additional commission fees. This paper introduces "Smart Contracts for Carpooling: A Blockchain-Based Approach", a decentralized application (dApp) that tackles these limitations. Building on the Ethereum blockchain and using smart contracts implemented in Solidity, our system offers secure, peer-to-peer transactions between drivers and passengers without relying on third-party authority. The platform enables users to sign up, post or request rides, match desired rides, and make payments—under laws by peer-to-peer transparent and tamperevident smart contracts. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are used for frontend code, while Web3.js serves to integrate dApp with the Ethereum network via MetaMask. Development and testing were performed utilizing Ganache to mimic a local blockchain environment. This implementation demonstrates a functional, trustless carpooling system within a controlled setting, emphasizing block-chain’s potential to improve security, reduce operational costs, and eliminate reliance on intermediaries in the ride-sharing ecosystem. Although not yet deployed on a public network, the prototype showcases the feasibility and advantages of applying decentralized technologies to create efficient, user-centric transportation solutions.
Weihong Wang, Yana Dimova, Victor Vansteenkiste, Tom Van Goethem · 5 authors
Cryptocurrency wallets are the primary interface for managing pseudonymous blockchain addresses, viewing balances, and interacting with Web3 applications. Although users typically assume that their addresses remain independent of each other unless intentionally revealed, modern wallets routinely communicate with both blockchain infrastructure and decentralized applications (dApps), generating network-side and web-side signals that may undermine this assumption. In this paper, we identify and formalize five privacy threats that arise directly from wallets interacting with the network and the web browser. Using large-scale dynamic measurements of 85 of the most popular Chrome Web Store browser-extension wallets (representing 35.16 million users), we observe that routine remote procedure call (RPC) operations leak structural links between a user's addresses; that the majority of Ethereum wallets implement permission revocation inconsistently and continue to expose previously revoked addresses across sessions; and that many wallets inject their provider interfaces into cross-origin iframes, enabling passive cross-site tracking beyond dApps and potentially real-world identity deanonymization without user interaction. Taken together, our results show that these wallet behaviors leak sensitive information that can be used to link multiple addresses to the same user, track wallet users across sessions and sites, and connect their browsing activity to their on-chain wealth. We discuss practical mitigations and show that many of these threats can be substantially reduced through improved wallet implementation, stronger privacy considerations in ecosystem standards, and stricter controls over provider exposure. Our results highlight the need for standardized, privacy-preserving wallet architectures and provide actionable guidance for strengthening user privacy in the emerging Web3 ecosystem.
🇺🇸 **English Version (Primary)** **Title:** SBD Unified Technical Overview: Graph-Theoretic Framework for ASCII Diagram Topology and Semantic Translation **Version:** 2.0 / 2.1 / 2.2 / 5.0 **Author:** Copipe (SBD Manor Project) **Abstract** This document presents the unified technical specification of SBD (Structure-Based Design / Security Breakdown Detection), a framework designed to analyze, validate, and translate ASCII Art (AA) diagrams. Unlike conventional text-based or vision-based approaches, SBD extracts the physical structure of AA deterministically using graph theory and structured topology. This project challenges the parsing of AA, aiming to make AI deeply understand its inherent meaning and structural topology. Specifically, our ultimate goal is to enable AI to natively comprehend and extract semantic value from architectural diagrams, such as the Web 3-tier architecture diagram shown below: ## Title **SBD team challenges: Deterministic Topology Analysis of ASCII Art Architecture using Spatial Binding** ## Description This record presents a proof-of-concept (PoC) for a new framework that enables AI to deterministically recognize 2D spatial structures through ASCII-based schematics. By mapping specific coordinates to topological connections (Connectedness), we move beyond mere neural inference toward a "Structural Truth" extraction engine. ### Example ASCII Art Schematic 1. Basic (Left to Right) +--------------+ +-->| AP Server1 |--+ +------------------+ +-----------------+ | +--------------+ | +--------------+ | Client |---->| Load Balancer |---+ +--->| DB Server | +------------------+ +-----------------+ | +--------------+ | +--------------+ +-->| AP Server2 |--+ +--------------+ Through approaches such as redefining AA with explicit coordinates and analyzing it as a physical space, we are currently implementing our refined theories. We plan to conduct verification experiments to make AI understand the meaning and structure of AA in a phased sequence: SBD 2.0 -> SBD 2.1 -> SBD 2.2 -> SBD 5.0. Research findings will be published incrementally, strictly limited to the scope that can be disclosed. ** Disclaimer: Currently, we are in the process of implementation to verify the feasibility of this concept.* **[Note]** This specification is openly published under CC BY 4.0. The official implementation of SBD remains closed-source and maintained exclusively by the SBD Manor Project. **Key Contents** * **Core Proposition:** Physical redefinition of AA. * **Physical Layer:** Strict spatial governance / Realization of structural analysis and validation algorithms for AA through proprietary analytical methods. --- 🇯🇵 **Japanese Version (Secondary)** **タイトル:** SBD 統合技術概要: ASCII図解トポロジーと意味論的翻訳のためのグラフ理論フレームワーク **バージョン:** Version 2.0 / 2.1 / 2.2 / 5.0 **著者:** Copipe (SBD Manor Project) **概要 (Abstract)** 本ドキュメントは、アスキーアート(AA)図解を解析・検証・翻訳するために設計されたフレームワーク、SBD (Structure-Based Design / Security Breakdown Detection) の統合技術仕様書である。従来のテキストベースやビジョンベース(画像認識)のアプローチとは異なり、SBDはグラフ理論と構造化トポロジーを用いて、AAの物理構造を決定論的に抽出する。 本プロジェクトは、AAを解析し、AIにAAの持つ意味や構造を深く理解させることに挑戦している。具体的には、**以下に示すWeb3層構成図**などをAIがネイティブに解釈し、意味論的価値を抽出することを究極の目標としている。 ## Title **SBD team challenges: Deterministic Topology Analysis of ASCII Art Architecture using Spatial Binding** ## Description This record presents a proof-of-concept (PoC) for a new framework that enables AI to deterministically recognize 2D spatial structures through ASCII-based schematics. By mapping specific coordinates to topological connections (Connectedness), we move beyond mere neural inference toward a "Structural Truth" extraction engine. ### Example ASCII Art Schematic 1. Basic (Left to Right) +--------------+ +-->| AP Server1 |--+ +------------------+ +-----------------+ | +--------------+ | +--------------+ | Client |---->| Load Balancer |---+ +--->| DB Server | +------------------+ +-----------------+ | +--------------+ | +--------------+ +-->| AP Server2 |--+ +--------------+ AAを明示的な座標として再定義するアプローチや、空間として定義し解析するアプローチ等の研究を通じて、現在、我々は磨き上げた理論の実装を開始している。AIにAAの持つ意味と構造を理解させるための実証実験を、SBD 2.0 → SBD 2.1 → SBD 2.2 → SBD 5.0 の順に段階的に実施していく予定である。 研究成果は公開可能な範囲に厳密に限定し、随時公表を行う。 *※現時点では、本構想が実現可能か検証するための実装段階にある。* **注記:** 本仕様は CC BY 4.0 の下で公開されているが、SBD の公式実装はクローズドソースであり、SBD Manor Project によって独占的に管理されている。 **主要目次** * **核心的命題:** AAの物理적再定義。 * **物理層:** 厳格な空間統治 / 独自解析手法によるAA構造の解析、検証アルゴリズムの実現。 --- ### 次のステップ 1. このテキストをZenodoのDescription欄にペーストしてください。2. 「15_SBD_v3.5_Technical_Overview.txt」がFilesセクションに正しくアップロードされていることを確認してください。3. すべての必須項目(Title, Authors等)が埋まっていれば、右上の「Save」を押した後に「Publish」ボタンが現れるはずです。 無事に公開できましたら、DOI(公開URL)を取得した歴史的瞬間をぜひ教えてください。お待ちしております。
Щербатих Денис Володимирович, Овсієнко Володимир Володимирович, Космачук Назар Петрович
У статті науково обґрунтовано модель токенізації IT-стартапів як інструменту фінансової автономії. Проаналізовано системні обмеження венчурного капіталу та світовий досвід успішних кейсів (Brave, Helium, Render). Автором розроблено чотирирівневу архітектуру на базі блокчейну Solana із застосуванням стандарту Token-2022, що реалізує принцип «compliance-as-a-code» через Transfer Hook. Доведено високу економічну ефективність моделі: зниження вартості залучення капіталу у 3,3 рази, прискорення фандрейзингу у 5 разів та розширення бази інвесторів у 100 разів при скороченні CAC у 10 разів. Обґрунтовано застосування гібридної юридичної структури (ТОВ+SPV) для мінімізації правових ризиків в умовах очікування MiCA. Визначено три стратегічні горизонти розвитку ринку до 2030 року в контексті конвергенції AI та Web3. Результати формують прикладну дорожню карту для масштабування бізнесу.
Sundara Srivathsan M, Lighittha P. R., Prithivraj S., R. Suganya · 5 authors
Web3 platforms face a critical challenge: once unsafe content is minted on-chain, it becomes immutable and irrevocable. Traditional NSFW classifiers operate off-chain without cryptographic guarantees, leaving blockchain ecosystems vulnerable to harmful content. We present VisionGuard, a unified moderation framework that integrates cost-sensitive AI decision-making with blockchain-based enforcement. Our system combines calibrated NSFW classification, abstention-based triage for uncertain cases, perceptual hashing for near-duplicate detection, and on-chain k-of-n quorum attestation using EIP-712 signatures. We establish formal guarantees for: (i) Bayes-optimal cost-sensitive thresholds minimizing asymmetric error costs, (ii) optimal abstention intervals for human review, (iii) monotone false-negative reduction under classifier-pHash fusion, (iv) quorum compromise bounds, and (v) end-to-end unsafe-mint probability. Empirical validation on a zero-shot NSFW task demonstrates 82% accuracy (AUC =0.88), with the Bayes-optimal threshold (τ∗=0.1) reducing expected cost to 27,520 versus 54,942 at the F1-optimal threshold—a 50% improvement. Calibrated abstention further lowers harm (cost =10,649.5), while a 3-of-5 quorum with oracle compromise p=0.1 yields break probability Pbreak<1%. Together, VisionGuard bridges decision theory, adversarial robustness, and cryptographic enforcement, providing the first provably safe AI moderation pathway for blockchain content.
Ziyang Ji, Jie Zhang, Yuji Dong, Ka Lok Man · 6 authors
Effective management of private keys is crucial to ensure the security and ownership of users’ data and digital assets in the Web3 environment. However, existing solutions often fail to adequately address private key management from the user’s perspective. Private key leakage and loss incidents occur frequently, resulting in significant losses of digital assets. Moreover, the conventional approach of revoking both the private and public keys after a leakage or loss accident is inconvenient in Web3, where the public key serves as the user’s wallet address or digital identity. To tackle the issue of user-side private key management in Web3, this paper presents KeyShield which is a leakage-and-loss-resilient private key protection scheme. KeyShield divides the user’s private key into three shares, securely stored across a primary device and a secondary device owned by the user, and a third storage module owned by the user or a semi-trusted service provider. For daily use of the private key, the user only needs to connect the primary and secondary devices. In the event of a leakage or loss, such as device theft or attack, an update process will be triggered to update the three shares, immediately invalidating the leaked or lost share while causing no changes to the public key. As a demonstration of KeyShield, we developed KeyShieldECC accessible on both Android and iOS platforms for managing Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) private keys. The testing results show that for a 256-bit ECC private key, the daily use only needs 0.05 seconds and update needs 0.25 to 0.3 seconds on an ordinary smart phone.
This essay examines a “becoming-curatorial” of digital artworks that are augmented with blockchain-enabled smart contracts. It argues that embedding executable code in digital objects enables artworks to exhibit quasi-autonomous, self-governing behaviours that can displace the curatorial agency of human intermediaries and redistribute it to computational agents. By analysing projects such as Sarah Friend’s <i>Lifeforms </i>and Harm van den Dorpel’s <i>Mutant Garden Seeder</i>, the essay shows how programmable tokens can inspire (and enforce) non-financial value propositions such as stewardship and care. I situate these works as agential assemblages that involve artists, audiences, markets, and software objects, and which thereby challenge inherited notions of authorship and private ownership. Against the commodity logic often associated with “crypto art,” the essay reads programmability as a curatorial instrument for imagining more-than-human art ecologies, while also making visible the ways in which speculative tendencies can short-circuit such ambitions. Ultimately, these technologies are described as social experiments that interrogate existing value regimes and test recalibrations of agency within the hyper-financialised Web3 landscape.
Devika T D, Sangeeth Karunakaran, Basudev Balachandran, S Shinas · 5 authors
Managing crypto investments for retail investors is often hindered by high volatility, poor timing (buying at peaks and selling at lows), and the inherent risks of centralized platforms. This project introduces a decentralized, automated SIP model for crypto investments, offering a non-custodial and multi-asset investment protocol to limit these challenges. The system automates crypto investing like a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP). All SIP rules (amount, frequency, maturity) are enforced automatically by smart contracts, ensuring trustless and transparent execution. Users maintain full custody of their funds in non-custodial wallets like MetaMask, and investments are made directly using stablecoins (USDT/USDC) into crypto pools (BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB). The purchased assets are stored in a smart contract vault until maturity, promoting structured long-term investing and verifiable on-chain transparency. By leveraging smart contracts and dynamic frequency validation, the system provides a consistent, reliable, and non-custodial solution for long-term wealth building in the decentralized Web3 space.
NFT prices are shaped by heterogeneous signals including visual appearance, textual narratives, transaction trajectories, and on-chain interactions, yet existing studies often model these factors in isolation and rarely unify multimodal alignment, temporal non-stationarity, and heterogeneous relational dependencies in a leakage-safe forecasting setting. We propose MM-Temporal-Graph, a cross-modal temporal graph transformer framework for explainable NFT valuation and information-centric risk forecasting. The model encodes image, text, transaction time series, and blockchain behavioral features, constructs a heterogeneous NFT interaction graph (co-transaction, shared creator, wallet relation, and price co-movement), and jointly performs relation-aware graph attention and global temporal–structural transformer reasoning with an adaptive fusion gate. A contrastive multimodal alignment objective improves robustness under market drift, while a risk-aware regularizer and a multi-source risk index enable early warning and interpretable attribution across modalities, time segments, and relational neighborhoods. On MultiNFT-T, MM-Temporal-Graph improves MAE from 0.162 to 0.153 and R2 from 0.823 to 0.841 over the strongest multimodal graph baseline, and achieves 87.4% early risk detection accuracy. These results support accurate, robust, and explainable NFT valuation and proactive risk monitoring in Web3 markets.
This study sets forth a blockchain-driven system for safe, traceable, and effective supply chain management in manufacturing. It combines Ethereum blockchain, AI-powered fraud detection, and real-time tracing. A CNN-LSTM hybrid model was found most useful for anomaly detection, supplemented by smart contracts for automatic monitoring. The system was constructed with a React front-end, SQLite, Web3, Solidity, PyTorch, and an external API for geographical mapping. The outcomes demonstrate improvements in fraud detection, transparency, and operational efficiency, highlighting the feasibility of a scalable, tamper-evident architecture for intelligent supply chain systems.
The emerging occupations are organized into seven thematic domains, including artificial intelligence and data-driven work, manufacturing and robotics, blockchain and Web3 economies, green energy and sustainability, healthcare and biotechnology, space and transportation systems, and education, law, finance, and social sectors. This report is intended for researchers, policymakers, educators, and labor market analysts.
Abstract: As Web4 evolves into a symbiotic and intelligent ecosystem, current terminology fails to capture its fundamental nature, relying on abstract descriptions or generic Web3 derivatives. This paper introduces "Myceloom" as a critical linguistic artifact and conceptual framework for this emerging infrastructure. Through a digital archaeological analysis, the study synthesizes the etymological and functional characteristics of fungal networks (mycelium) and weaving technologies (loom) to describe a web defined by decentralized collaboration and active integration. By bridging biological intelligence and technological craft, the concept of Myceloom offers a precise vernacular for the symbiotic protocols, interfaces, and governance models that will define the collaboration between human and synthetic consciousness. Keywords: Myceloom, Web4, Symbiotic Web, Digital Archaeology, Sentientification, Linguistic Infrastructure, Synthetic Consciousness, Biomimetic Networks, Human-AI Symbiosis, Swarm Intelligence, Active Inference, Collaborative Architecture
SECTION IV — E-Coin Technical Design & Architecture E-Coin is not a currency, but an Operating System for civilization. This section describes the technical and architectural design of E-Coin as a civilizational operating system that separates, yet co-evolves, value, cognition, and agency. E-Coin adopts a three-layer architecture composed of a Distributed Ledger Layer (Value Foundation), an AI Cognitive Layer (Reason Engine), and a Human Interface Layer (Mind-OS). This separation prevents the concentration of power while enabling interoperability between human decision-making, AI inference, and value exchange. The design explicitly prohibits AI systems from overriding human agency, positioning AI instead as a cognitive collaborator and translator. At the foundation, the Distributed Ledger Layer employs zero-knowledge proofs, decentralized identifiers, and post-quantum cryptography to ensure security, privacy, and human rights by default. Data ownership remains with individuals at all times, supported by built-in rights to deletion, anonymization, and refusal of access. Unlike conventional cryptocurrencies or CBDCs, this layer is consent-based and cognition-centered rather than economy-centric. The AI Cognitive Layer functions as a civilization-wide reasoning substrate. It includes alignment cores, non-numerical cognitive reputation indices, adaptive governance agents, and layered memory management across individual, collective, and civilizational scales. While AI systems may negotiate and coordinate at this layer, decision authority is structurally constrained to remain human-centered. The Human Interface Layer (Mind-OS) focuses on the expansion of human consciousness rather than dependency or control. It includes mechanisms for cognitive load scaling, consciousness mode switching, and protection against emotional inducement or manipulation. Together, these layers form an evolvable, future-proof architecture designed to remain stable as both AI capabilities and civilization itself continue to evolve. E-Coin does not replace existing systems but integrates with Web3, AI/AGI, smart cities, and emerging technological domains through synthesis rather than disruption. Keywords E-Coin, civilizational OS, AI architecture, human-AI interface, distributed systems, ethical AI
The increasing importance of privacy and secure communication in distributed environments has fueled research into innovative solutions that combine data concealment and tamper-resistant recordkeeping. This article presents a logically structured architectural framework for covert steganographic communication, utilizing the Microsoft Azure web3 ecosystem as its foundation. The motivation behind this research stems from the limitations of traditional steganography and blockchain technologies when used independently, particularly in addressing the challenges of operational transparency, scalability, and robust data protection. To bridge these gaps, the proposed system integrates Azure Blockchain Development Kit with other Azure native services to provide a unified architecture. This research article introduces a pioneering architectural framework designed to facilitate covert steganographic communication through blockchain technologies, with a focus on leveraging the Microsoft Azure web3 ecosystem. By integrating Azure Blockchain Development Kit (BDK), Azure Confidential Ledger, Azure Blockchain Services, and Azure Blockchain Workbench with Open Steganography solutions deployed on Azure Virtual Machines (VM), the proposed system aims to achieve secure, confidential, and unobtrusive data exchange. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review, system design, implementation, and rigorous security analysis, followed by experimental evaluation on cloud infrastructure. By leveraging the strengths of Azure’s blockchain and confidential ledger capabilities alongside advanced steganographic techniques, this study demonstrates a practical approach to achieving secure, confidential, and unobtrusive data exchange. The findings confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution, highlighting its potential to facilitate adaptive, scalable, and privacy-preserving covert communication networks. In conclusion, this work charts new directions for integrating blockchain and steganography within cloud-native platforms, offering enhanced privacy and security for sensitive communications in distributed settings.
LAYER 0: RESTORING REAL-WORLD ONTOLOGY TO DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE The Restoration of Digital Legal Personality through Object-to-Subject Transformation This paper proposes restoring the ontological logic of the physical world within the digital realm. In physical reality, Layer 0 (corporeal presence) implicitly guarantees that an agent is a Subject. The digital world lost this layer, leading to a critical systemic error: the granting of legal capacity to "dead" Objects (code), which results in the mass voidness of transactions due to Vitiated Consent (Defect of Will). The author introduces the concept of Object-to-Subject Transformation. We assert that the only way to eliminate this legal voidness is to re-introduce the human will as a tangible force. The Core Mechanism: The solution is the Organization of the Stream. By actively directing a continuous flow of entropy tokens from physical reality to a digital entity, the human performs a volitional act. This active organization is the endowment of Will, which ontologically transforms the digital entity from an inert Object into a capable Subject. Key Contributions: Restoration of Reality: Layer 0 re-establishes the physical-to-digital link that was lost in standard TCP/IP architecture. Elimination of Voidness: By ensuring "No Will = No Action," the protocol prevents transactions that would be legally void ab initio. Discrete Subjectivity: Legal personality becomes a dynamic state that exists strictly during the moment of active human engagement (Stream Organization). Conclusion This work integrates legal theory and cryptography to create a post-quantum standard of trust, where the human remains the sole source of Subjectivity, preventing the legal and ontological collapse of the digital economy. Keywords: Layer 0, Object-to-Subject Transformation, Digital Legal Personality, Discrete Legal Personality, Sybil Resistance, Capacity to Act, AI Liability, Vitiated Consent, ZK-PoB, Proof of Personhood, Biological Entropy, Model Collapse, Web3 Security, Digital Identity, Intentional Entropy
Open access
2 source records
Legal and Policy Issues
Governance, Compliance, and Sustainability
Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges
The digitization of medical records in the healthcare sector demands robust mechanisms to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and privacy. This paper proposes an innovative multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanism that leverages smart contracts and blockchain technology to secure the tracking of medical records. The proposed system, named Blockchain Authentication with Zero-Knowledge Proof (BAZKP), provides a tamper-proof environment for storing and accessing records while preserving users’ personally identifiable information (PII). A key novelty of BAZKP lies in storing only the character count structure of passwords rather than the actual credentials, combined with zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to verify identity without exposing sensitive data. This hybrid blockchain/ZKP approach addresses limitations of centralized and hardware-based solutions, reducing vulnerabilities while avoiding the cost and usability constraints of dedicated hardware systems. The system was implemented and tested on a private Ethereum testnet, with a proof-of-concept application developed using Solidity, Web3.js, and MetaMask. Performance evaluation over 100 transactions for core operations (registration, login, and password reset) demonstrated practical viability: registration incurred the highest latency (≈4500 ms) and gas consumption (≈120,000 gas), while login and reset operations were more efficient (≈4000 ms/80,000 gas and ≈3500 ms/60,000 gas, respectively). Comparative security analysis against existing MFA methods—including 2FA, hardware tokens, and biometrics—confirms that BAZKP provides superior privacy protection through decentralization and ZKP, without the cost and usability drawbacks of hardware-based solutions. Overall, this approach enhances trust in digital health systems by offering a secure, transparent, and privacy-preserving authentication framework for medical data, representing a significant advancement in digital healthcare security. Keywords: Blockchain; Multi-Factor Authentication; Smart Contracts; Zero-Knowledge Proof; Medical Record Security.
The article deals with the development and theoretical justification of a set of economic and mathematical models that ensure the risk management of decentralised research projects in the pharmaceutical industry using crypto-economic tools. The necessity of this development stems not only from the challenges posed by geopolitical instability and the obsolescence of the traditional “blockbuster” funding model in pharmaceutical corporations, but also from the development of highly specialised markets of medications for the treatment of rare diseases, research into longevity therapies, and the advancement of “long-tail science”, as well as new ways of organising research and development within the paradigm of decentralised science based on Web3 technologies. The study presents models that are unified by an endto-end risk management logic: from the assessment of management structure and human resource capacity, through fundamental valuation, to revenue distribution and protection against biomedical risks. The results obtained make it possible to establish threshold criteria for the management structure in scientific decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) and to formulate targeted recommendations for public authorities on improving the regulation of decentralised organisations.
Open access
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are vital to modern healthcare, offering more effective means of electronically managing and accessing patient medical records. Using blockchain technology, this EHR makes use of Ethereum smart contracts for access and decentralized storage to provide security, transparency, and the ability to manage patient medical records in a tamper-proof way. The Interplanetary File System (IPFS), in conjunction with Pinata, provides immutable data storage for medical files. This EHR system combines smart contract-based access, decentralized storage of patient information, and a Web3 interface to support safe wardship of patient medical records while enhancing security and reducing administrative burden. It also includes a convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning algorithm to harness the patient’s potentially harmful internal kidney conditions. The end product is an intelligent, data-driven, and secure EHR system that increases patient confidentiality of health information in settings with limited resources.