Blockchain Papers

S. Porkodi, D. Kesavaraja

No abstract is available for this record.

Muhammad Imam Hussain, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, Shaharier Arafat Sumon, Salina Akter · 6 authors

Blockchain technology, heralded as a transformative innovation, has far-reaching implications beyond its initial application in cryptocurrencies. This study explores the potential of blockchain in enhancing data integrity and traceability within Industry Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), a crucial aspect in the era of Industry 4.0. ICPS, integrating computational and physical components, is pivotal in managing critical infrastructure like manufacturing, power grids, and transportation networks. However, they face challenges in security, privacy, and reliability. With its inherent immutability, transparency, and distributed consensus, blockchain presents a groundbreaking approach to address these challenges. It ensures robust data reliability and traceability across ICPS, enhancing transaction transparency and facilitating secure data sharing. This research unearths various blockchain applications in ICPS, including supply chain management, quality control, contract management, and data sharing. Each application demonstrates blockchain's capacity to streamline processes, reduce fraud, and enhance system efficiency. In supply chain management, blockchain provides real-time auditing and compliance. For quality control, it establishes tamper-proof records, boosting consumer confidence. In contract management, smart contracts automate execution, enhancing efficiency. Blockchain also fosters secure collaboration in ICPS, which is crucial for system stability and safety. This study emphasizes the need for further research on blockchain's practical implementation in ICPS, focusing on challenges like scalability, system integration, and security vulnerabilities. It also suggests examining blockchain's economic and organizational impacts in ICPS to understand its feasibility and long-term advantages.

Noah Habtemichael, Hendro Wicaksono, Omid Fatahi Valilai

The globalization of products and markets increases the distance between the origin of products and consumers. This leads to a condition where customers don't have information about the origins of their products. Thus, traceability has become an essential sub-system of manufacturing supply chain management. However, due to globalization and complexity of supply chain interactions among the suppliers and manufacturing enterprises, it is hard to pinpoint the exact contributions of different actors in a supply chain. Integrated supply network structure with suitable visibility and usage of real time data transfer is another area of great importance. This paper focuses on how NFT (Non-Fungible Token) coupled with smart contracts could utilize blockchain to make it easier to track the products in a supply chain. Explaining how NFT's could help in tracking the contributions of different stakeholders in a supply chain by tracking the product throughout the entire process of sourcing, production, and sale by using a digital twin. In a manufacturing supply chain enabled by NFT Technology, whenever raw materials are transferred and processed through the supply chain, an NFT would be attached to its digital twin which will capture the created values. Each NFT can easily and uniquely be known by its data stored. Data would be updated based on real time information and will enable the stakeholders to trace the product information about how much each company has contributed to the produced products. The data stored in the form of a smart contract in the blockchain prevents the data being entered from being destroyed, eliminated, or changed without permission. Thus, there is a secure data flow among different stakeholders.

Mehayrun Nesa Shupti, Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain, Steven A. Fazio, Jahid Hasan Ashik

Analyzing design principles and supply chain sustainability are critical for organizational success in today's competitive marketplace. The process of evaluating an organization's supply chain design principles and manufacturing sustainability entails incorporating various sources of information, which are typically uncertain, incomplete, and subjective in nature. Particularly when various organizations are confronted with significant principles such as a lack of interoperability, decentralization, virtualization, real-time and capabilities, service orientation, and so on. Using graph theory and a matrix approach (GTMA), this article attempts to analyze the interaction between design principles-related factors with a focus on operational excellence, growth and sustainability in supply chains by considering the business of Industry 4.0. We have considered electrical equipment manufacturing Industry 4.0 as test ground. Based on a literature review and expert opinions, we identified several key principles, and then explored the most significant one using graph theory and a matrix approach. The findings indicate that autonomy has been evaluated as the most significant challenge to manage design principles most effectively for sustainable manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 context. Therefore, organizations must enhance autonomous systems capable of operating and making decisions alone, without relying on external instructions or support, in order to achieve sustainability. This and the other identified principles to achieving corporate supply chain sustainability are ranked in this paper. These findings will be useful for managers and policymakers managing the interaction between people and processes, as well as corporate sustainability management in Industry 4.0-based supply chain organizations. The unique contributions of this paper can aid in the improvement of design principles and the sustainability of emerging economies' Industry 4.0 perspectives.

Ying‐Yi Hong, Francisco I. Alano, Yih‐Der Lee, Jheng‐Lun Jiang · 5 authors

This study proposes a novel approach to address the challenges posed by the increasing number of renewable sources in power grids, particularly focusing on networked microgrids. The proposed method integrates digital twin technology and blockchain technology to provide power support in networked microgrids. The method comprises three main components: 1) Blockchain Network: A blockchain network is established, utilizing a modified proof of stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This network is responsible for maintaining hourly records and tracking system changes, including faults. Fault events are recorded in real-time, and a bidding mechanism is employed to determine which microgrids interconnect and provide power support to mitigate power imbalances. 2) Digital Twins: Digital twins are created for each distributed generation and energy storage unit within the microgrids. These digital twins play a crucial role in the proposed PoS consensus mechanism, providing an additional layer of validation for transaction records. 3) Long short-term memory (LSTM)-based Controller: An LSTM-based controller is implemented to ensure stable operation of the microgrids, even during fault events and interconnections with other microgrids. The controller is trained to maintain stable voltage levels within the system. The digital twins and LSTM-based controllers are optimized using Bayesian Optimization to determine the best parameters and hyperparameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively records hourly system details and fault events. Additionally, power hardware-in-the-loop simulations confirm that the LSTM-based controller can maintain stable voltage levels and outperforms other controllers in terms of performance.

Kenji Kanai, Aram Mine, Hidehiro Kanemitsu, Hidenori Nakazato

No abstract is available for this record.

Tõnis Raamets, Jüri Majak, Kristo Karjust, Kashif Mahmood · 5 authors

Today's manufacturing companies have begun to increasingly use digital tools to increase their company production efficiency, to ensure a low-price level, high quality, and fast delivery time of the product or service in the conditions of increasing competition in the globalized economy. An important part of improving the company's efficiency indicators is the ever-more relevant organization of transport operations on the production floor and the digitization and automation of these processes. More and more companies have adopted or plan to do so in the near future with autonomous mobile robots (AMR) to manage production logistics. The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the advanced hardware and control software of AMR enable autonomous operations in dynamic environments, which gives them the ability to communicate and negotiate independently with other resources, such as machines and systems, and thus decentralize decision-making in production processes. Decentralized decision-making allows the system to dynamically respond to changes in system state and environment. Such developments have affected traditional planning and control methods and decision-making processes, but also place greater demands on the software used and integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for the execution of these decisions. In this study, we provide an overview of how to pilot the integration of an AMR system with AI functionality in the production logistics of the food industry using the concept of a 3D virtual factory. The paper proposes an approach for the performance analysis of AMR for the transportation of goods on the production factory floor, which is based on 3D layout creation and simulation, monitoring of key performance indicators (KPIs), and integration of AI for proactive decision-making in production planning. The relevance and feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated by a food industry case study.

Lukas Schweiger, Matteo Protopapa, Linard Barth

No abstract is available for this record.

Ming‐Hui Wen, Jerry Chun‐Wei Lin

In the era of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), preserving personal authenticity is crucial for maintaining trust in online communities. Blockchain technology, with its unique blend of anonymity and data transparency, has facilitated the development of decentralized identities (DIDs) on the internet. These DIDs serve as digital representatives for individuals online, enhancing user trust through self-sovereign identity, transparency, and user control, while strengthening privacy. Current DID solutions, such as Proof-of-Personhood and Proof-of-Reputation, have demonstrated technological maturity and paved the way for identity applications in Web3. Building on this foundation, the Twin3 project advances the concept further by introducing the innovative Proof-of-Authenticity (PoA) to represent pluralistic human characteristics in digital format. Specifically, Twin3 employs blockchain-based Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) to transform human identities into a programmable hexadecimal matrix with 256 characteristic spaces, representing a comprehensive spectrum of human attributes, akin to a digital DNA (Decentralized Nexus of Authenticity). This study presents the Twin3 system architecture, user data management,demonstrating how this approach can enhance personal digital identity verification and management. The potential applications of Twin3 SBTs in creating personal AI agents and facilitating participation in the agentic economy are explored, demonstrating how Twin3 can digitize human attributes comprehensively and empower individuals within emerging agent-based workflows and digital ecosystems.

S. B. Goyal, Anand Singh Rajawat, Rosnizah Bt Shaari, Chaman Verma · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Thomas Puschmann, H. S. H. Prince Michael of Liechtenstein

No abstract is available for this record.

Pasindu Kuruppuarachchi, Alan McGibney

No abstract is available for this record.

M. Dhayanand, Mr. A. Aswin Bharath, Mr. P. A. Prabakaran, Ms. U. Sindhu Vaardhini

Digital Twins (DTs) are gaining popularity because they provide precise digital copies of assets, processes, and systems. This is especially true when these DTs are paired with real-time simulation models that make use of modern technologies like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. These combinations can provide a comprehensive and dynamic view of the monitored systems. Digital twin (DT) has shown tremendous potential to bring about revolutionary improvements in the field of construction site surveillance. There is, however, a notable paucity of empirical research identifying the constant elements affecting DT adoption in this industry. This research tries to fill that void by identifying the important elements that determine the usage of DT in construction. The study adopts a complete framework with the goal of increasing the use of DT in building site monitoring. The elements influencing the adoption and effectiveness of distributed ledger technology (DT) are divided into three categories: technological, organizational, and economic. Technological factors include the system's appropriateness and the robustness of the data infrastructure. Organizational considerations include the company's openness to innovation and leadership support. Economic aspects include things like return on investment (ROI) and cost-effectiveness. The research technique combines case studies and literature reviews to examine the benefits and drawbacks of DT in construction monitoring. This study's expected output is a comprehensive framework that aids construction businesses in optimizing the use of DT in site monitoring. This would allow for more efficient, data-driven, and forward-thinking processes. The study's ultimate purpose is to provide critical knowledge that will assist the building sector in adopting cutting-edge methods. The industry may better plan for the integration of this sophisticated technology into their operations by knowing the potential of DT and the variables driving its adoption. This, in turn, can lead to more efficiency, lower risks, and improved overall performance

Tarun Kumar Vashishth, Vikas Sharma, Kewal Krishan Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar · 6 authors

This chapter focuses on the application of intelligent resource allocation and optimization techniques for industrial robotics systems using the synergistic integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies. Efficient resource allocation is crucial for maximizing the performance and productivity of industrial robotics, and AI-based approaches offer the ability to dynamically allocate resources based on real-time data and system requirements. Additionally, blockchain technology provides a decentralized and secure platform for recording and verifying resource allocation transactions, ensuring transparency and trust in the allocation process. The chapter explores various AI algorithms and models that can be employed for resource allocation and optimization in industrial robotics, including machine learning, evolutionary algorithms, and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, the chapter investigates how blockchain technology can enhance resource allocation and optimization by providing a distributed ledger for recording and verifying resource transactions.

Narendra Kumar Dewangan, Preeti Chandrakar

No abstract is available for this record.

Jiajun Tan, Wai Peng Wong, Chee Keong Tan, Suriyan Jomthanachai · 5 authors

Purpose Technology is the lifeline for the logistics industry, and it has been immensely disrupted by the emerging blockchain technology. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to explore how the current blockchain technology can be implemented in the logistics industry with the aim of improving logistic services amongst the network of logistics service providers (LSPs). The second is to propose the development of a blockchain model for the small and medium logistics service supply chain. Design/methodology/approach A prototype blockchain-based logistics system has been created and tested in a case study with a real logistics company. The primary technologies for developing a blockchain model on the Hyperledger platform as well as how the system is designed based on the logistics service flow are explained. Findings The study has resulted in the successful implementation of the proposed prototype blockchain-based logistics system. In particular, the case company has managed to fully utilise the developed tracking and tracing system. Whilst utilising the prototype, the participants have been able to fulfil their responsibilities in an effective manner. The performance of LSPs has improved following the World Bank Logistics Performance Index (LPI) criteria. Originality/value This paper contributes to current research in the application of blockchain technologies in the domain of logistics and the supply chain to progress LSPs towards Logistics 4.0. The current frameworks for Logistics 4.0 and how blockchain as a disruptive technology revolutionises logistic services are reviewed. In addition, this paper highlights the benefits of blockchain technology that LSPs can leverage to further improve their performance based on the LPI criteria.

Mandeep Gupta, Deepanshu Gupta, Alpana Duggal

It is observed that there are several artists who are developing marvelous products but their product needs international exposure. These artists have limited market if they are going to promote and sell product. Moreover the there is lack of premium customer in rural areas. Thus artist who lives in rural area does not get proper incentive and significance. NFT is the only way to provide such artist global market where such artists may promote their art work. With the advent of blockchain technology NFT creation and marketing has been increased. Thus there are several international; market place such as Opensea and Young parrot that allows creation of NFT over Matic, Satoshi core, Ethereum and BNB smart chain. 9NFTMANIA proposed a lifestyle that is named as NFT culture. In these culture greetings, invitations, certificates, membership card would be made in form of NFT. In this way secure transfer of digital asset could be made and this NFT would have particular value. Even if a person wants to thank someone or want to say good morning then he should transfer NFT to other person's wallet. Moreover the supply of such greeting NFT would be limited thus there remains expectation of raise in price. On other hand holder of NFT would be able to access premium web services when web 3.0 mechanisms are applied to verify NFT holder in Metaverse.

Tibor Krenický, Kostiantyn Dyadyura, Dmitriy Dmitrishin, Sergii Grybniak · 5 authors

Abstract The emergence and subsequent popularization of lean manufacturing have become one of the most significant for improving the efficiency and productivity of operations. The use of lean manufacturing tools and methods leads to the elimination of waste in the organization. Traditional information systems that allow organizations to share information about resources while managing process performance and traceability have a number of disadvantages such as security, interoperability, and transparency. Currently, distributed ledger technology (block-chain) is widely used for this purpose. This article presents a study of decentralized management of the implementation of a distributed ledger infrastructure, which is selected based on the characteristics of the production system. This study proposes a framework that analyzes lean production methods using simulation and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to accommodate the underlying multi-objective decision-making problem. The current study examines the impact of the simultaneous application of RCA technology, lean manufacturing methods, and distributed ledger technology on the total time, costs, and time of production processes.

Xingxia Wang, Juanjuan Li, Lili Fan, Yutong Wang · 5 authors

The 21st century has witnessed the unprecedented evolution of intelligent transportation systems, and the automotive industry is facing great challenges and opportunities. For the current research in vehicle maintenance, it overlooks issues related to data security and customized services, which have the pivotal role in the Industry 5.0 era. This letter, as a summary of the Distributed/Decentralized Hybrid Workshop on Sustainable Vehicular Ecology (DHW-SVE), discusses the DAO(decentralized autonomous organizations and operations)-based parallel maintenance, which aims not only to promote vehicular healthcare but also to facilitate data security. In addition, DAO will enable parallel maintenance with the capability of providing customized services that are closely aligned with the consumers' preferences, offering them safe and unique experiences. Driven by the decentralized mechanism, parallel maintenance will pave the way for a future that prioritizes human demands and welcomes human-oriented collaborative governance.

Janmejai Kumar Shah, Rajat Sharma, Abhishek Misra, Manu Sharma · 7 authors

A new era of manufacturing marked by the convergence of digital technology and physical systems has begun as a result of Industry 4.0's development. This revolution's, smart manufacturing, uses cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain to promote efficiency, openness, and innovation throughout industrial processes. Using systematic literature review method and thematic analysis, this study looks at the investigation on smart manufacturing industry 4.0, Artificial intelligence and blockchain from 2018 to 2022. The objective of the research is to examine the mutually beneficial interaction between Smart industrial, AI, and Blockchain, outlining how their integration is changing industrial techniques. Furthermore, the study aims to identify potential future trends and research avenues in this area along with development of a conceptual model for future research.

C Nikhil

A digital twin is a digital or virtual copy of physical assets or products. It has the virtual and real world by collecting real-time data from the sensors which are installed in the devices. The collected data is either locally decentralized or centrally stored in cloud. Then the data is evaluated and simulated in virtual copy of the assets. After revising the information from stimulation the parameters are applied to real assets and we can predict current and future conditions in both design and operational environment. Also these are the next big thing in fourth industrial revolution for the development of new products and process. Because of vast amount of data used and the risk this poses to sensitive system data. To overcome these. The key enabling technology for digital twins data analytics and IoT must follow the updated security policies, and data sharing based on Distributed Ledger Technology can help to overcome the challenges in sharing data.

Iakovos Pittaras, Nikos Fotiou, Christos Karapapas, Vasilios A. Siris · 5 authors

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices that operate unattended providing a multitude of important and often sensitive services highlights the need for seamless interoperability and increased security. We argue that digital twins of IoT devices, with the right design, can enhance the security, reliability, auditability, and interoperability of IoT systems. The salient features of digital twins have made them key elements for the IoT and Industry 4.0. In this paper, we leverage advances in W3C's Web of Things (WoT) standards and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) to present a novel design of smart contract-based digital twins with enhanced security, transparency, interoperabilty, and reliability. We provide two different variations of that general design using two different blockchains (one public and one private, permissioned blockchain), and we present design trade-offs. Furthermore, we introduce an architecture for accessing and controlling IoT devices securely, reliably, providing full auditability, while at the same time using the proposed digital twins as an indirection mechanism (proxy). The proposed architecture leverages the blockchain to offer notable properties, namely, decentralization, immutability, auditability, non-repudiation, availability, and reliability. Moreover, it introduces mass actuation, easier management of IoT devices, enhanced security to the IoT gateways, it enables new business models, and it makes consumer devices (vendor-)agnostic.

Philippe Glass, Giovanna Di Marzo Serugendo

Smart grids play an important role for energy management by directly supporting the socio-ecological transition of neighbourhoods. This research provides the design of a coordination model to enable the management and exchange of electrical energy between producers and consumers at a micro-grid level. This model, which derives from the SAPERE coordination model, allows the intelligent digital twins to interact and generate services on the fly to meet different needs in real time. We have designed producer and consumer digital twins, which autonomously generate supply contracts in the form of a transaction, and supervisor digital twins, which regulate energy at the node level, managing threshold violations and proactively avoiding future threshold violations by using predictions. This coordination model allows energy exchanges in a single node and in a micro-grid structure that contains several neighbouring nodes. We have implemented and tested the platform with realistic data, based on the consumption statistics of a real household, and with real data, collected in the living-lab of “Les Vergers” located near Geneva. The results show that the combination of a coordination model and intelligent digital twins actually supports self-adaptive energy management in a smart grid. Such approaches are fundamental to develop efficient and reliable smart grids.

Peiman Tavakoli, İbrahim Yitmen, Habib Sadri, Afshin Taheri

Purpose The purpose of this study is to focus on structured data provision and asset information model maintenance and develop a data provenance model on a blockchain-based digital twin smart and sustainable built environment (DT) for predictive asset management (PAM) in building facilities. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research data were collected through a comprehensive scoping review of secondary sources. Additionally, primary data were gathered through interviews with industry specialists. The analysis of the data served as the basis for developing blockchain-based DT data provenance models and scenarios. A case study involving a conference room in an office building in Stockholm was conducted to assess the proposed data provenance model. The implementation utilized the Remix Ethereum platform and Sepolia testnet. Findings Based on the analysis of results, a data provenance model on blockchain-based DT which ensures the reliability and trustworthiness of data used in PAM processes was developed. This was achieved by providing a transparent and immutable record of data origin, ownership and lineage. Practical implications The proposed model enables decentralized applications (DApps) to publish real-time data obtained from dynamic operations and maintenance processes, enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of data for PAM. Originality/value The research presents a data provenance model on a blockchain-based DT, specifically tailored to PAM in building facilities. The proposed model enhances decision-making processes related to PAM by ensuring data reliability and trustworthiness and providing valuable insights for specialists and stakeholders interested in the application of blockchain technology in asset management and data provenance.