Anuraag A Vazirani, Odhran O’Donoghue, David Brindley, Edward Meinert
The lack of interoperability in Britain's medical records systems precludes the realisation of benefits generated by increased spending elsewhere in healthcare. Growing concerns regarding the security of online medical data following breaches, and regarding regulations governing data ownership, mandate strict parameters in the development of efficient methods to administrate medical records. Furthermore, consideration must be placed on the rise of connected devices, which vastly increase the amount of data that can be collected in order to improve a patient's long-term health outcomes. Increasing numbers of healthcare systems are developing Blockchain-based systems to manage medical data. A Blockchain is a decentralised, continuously growing online ledger of records, validated by members of the network. Traditionally used to manage cryptocurrency records, distributed ledger technology can be applied to various aspects of healthcare. In this manuscript, we focus on how Electronic Medical Records in particular can be managed by Blockchain, and how the introduction of this novel technology can create a more efficient and interoperable infrastructure to manage records that leads to improved healthcare outcomes, while maintaining patient data ownership and without compromising privacy or security of sensitive data.
IOT adoption is significantly increasing across different industries in the recent decade and the security is the biggest concern for the enterprise and industries to safe guard the data which is emanating out of IOT sensors, Drones and aggregators. In this paper we discuss how blockchain's smart contracts will help to manage the security challenges of IOT sensors and devices. We provide the literature review and approaches on how we build Agro's drone specific smart contracts with different ledger and platform in section II and III. We will elaborate the high-level approach with conceptual framework in section V. we will share the deployment considerations and issues in section VI. In section VII we will present our significance and in section VIII we will share our recommendations and conclusion
Blockchain and artificial intelligence are two disruptive technologies in the today's world; Blockchain can connect data storage and data users from multiple domains, and different kinds of analytics applications run on top of the data in artificial intelligence techniques. So that Blockchain technology provide the excellent backbone for the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, it is useful to secure the data input from multiple data storage locations and to have whatever applications running on top of the data in a Blockchain visible to everyone. The concept of Blockchain technology and artificial intelligence techniques together develop interesting uses cases and nice applications. When paired with Blockchains, AI is better understood by humans, operates more efficiently, and the blockchains in general more efficiently. AI and Blockchain together support B2B environment and getting better outcomes.
At present, the networks are vulnerable to various security problems like intrusion, phishing, hacking, to mention a few, and various encryption techniques are employed to curb the same. IoT environments are susceptible to various attacks that compromise the basic Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability triad of network security. IoT applications range from baby monitors to high-end military systems. With a plethora of devices transmitting sensitive information, the security of IoT environments becomes pivotal. However, it is not viable to extend the traditional dense encryption methodology to resource-inhibited IoT devices. Thus, lightweight algorithms are devised to meet the needs of their constrained architecture. Blockchain is a technology that helps in achieving a peer-peer secure and tamper-proof transfer of data between two objects. Blockchains can thus empower integrity in networks. Extending the concept of Blockchains to constrained IoT ecosystems, however, meets with its challenges. This paper focuses on the applications and challenges of Blockchain technology in securing IoT environments.
Since personal health information is sensitive data, it should not be accessible to anyone. Only authorized users should be able to see it. Blockchain, new middleware platform paradigm, can provide confidentiality and data sovereignty as well as transparency and traceability. Personal Health Record (PHR) incorporating blockchain can be managed by the patient themselves, not by the centralized institution, through blockchain. In this paper, PHR based on Hyperledger Fabric (consortium blockchain) is proposed. We also analyze and compare performance in terms of transaction delay and ledger size for private data access.
Tiago Guimarães, Hugo Silva, Hugo Peixoto, Manuel Filipe Santos
Blockchain has its focus around sharing, distribution and encryption. Particularly, the newer blockchain implementations revolve around the implementation of smart-contracts, second-layer systems and permissioned blockchains. This type of potential has generated a lot of attention towards blockchain, thus making it a great candidate technology within healthcare. In this paper, the role of permissioned and permissionless blockchain and its possible implementations will be discussed and compared as well as the process in which a blockchain network agrees whether a transaction is valid or not, maintaining consistency in ledger synchronization, or in other words, Consensus Algorithms. Several should be considered as viable and many can be used by both permissioned and permissionless blockchain frameworks. As chosen as part of this implementation Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (Pbft) is presented and described. This paper presents a solution, as part of the Intelligence Decision Support Systems for Intensive Medicine (ICDS4IM) project, which objective is to increase veracity and value to data from vital sensors and monitors by assuring its immutability and oversee; and also privacy and accountability for inadequate data management.
Security, data privacy and decentralization are significant challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. These challenges are inherited attribute of another emerging technology, Blockchain. This enforced convergence of IoT and Blockchain, attracting researchers to study on the effective use of Blockchain's strength to solve the challenges of IoT. Rapid IoT adoption requires standardization and mature solution on security, data protection for compliance and performance for commercialization. These demands made a surge in variant blockchain flavours and combinations catering to different problems, and one such is Lightweight Scalable Blockchain (LSB). LSB had considerable caveats that require improvement for better adoption in the IoT domain. This paper focuses on encrypting transaction transmission, improving transaction flow, block validation, hash quality, hash rate and storage cost to improvise security and performance. The experimental evaluation is demonstrated on data from the temperature sensor to showcase superior applicability of the proposed work in the IoT domain. Implementation and result comparison with conventional LSB proves, the following achievements 1) An additional layer of transaction encryption using hybrid Elliptic Curve ElGamal (EC-ElGamal) method increases the security of the transmitted transaction for security enhancement. 2) Obtained 20% reduction in transaction processing time, 22% reduction on block validation processing time, 53% improvement on the hash operation and quality with an overall 7% saving on the storage cost thereby increased the overall performance.
Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Ishfaq Bashir Sofi, Chong‐Yung Chi
The internet is progressing towards a new technology archetype grounded on smart systems, heavily relying on artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain platforms, edge computing, and the internet of things (IoT). The merging of IoT, edge computing, and blockchain will be the most important factor of empowering new automatic service and commercial models with various desirable properties, such as self-verifying, self-executing, immutability, data reliability, and confidentiality provided by the advancement in blockchain smart contracts and containers. Motivated by the potential paradigm shift and the security features brought by blockchain from the traditional centralized model to a more robust and resilient decentralized model, this tutorial article proposes a multi-tier integrated blockchain and edge computing architecture for 5G and beyond for solving some security issues faced by resource-constrained edge devices. We begin with a comprehensive overview of different edge computing paradigms and their research challenges. Next, we present the classification of security threats and current defense mechanisms. Then, we present an overview of blockchain and its potential solutions to the main security issues in edge computing. Furthermore, we present the classification of facilitating developers of different architectures to select an appropriate platform for particular applications and offer insights for potential research directions. Finally, we provide key convergence features of the blockchain and edge computing, followed by some conclusions.
Ahed Abugabah, Nishara Nizamuddin, Ahmad Ali AlZubi
The healthcare sector is one of the most rapidly growing sectors globally. With the ever-growing technology, patient care, regulatory compliance, and digital transformation, there is an increased need for healthcare sectors to collaborate with all stakeholders - both within the healthcare ecosystem and in concurring industries. In recent times, telemedicine has proven to provide high quality, affordable, and predominantly adapted healthcare services. However, telemedicine suffers from several risks in implementation, such as data breach, restricted access across medical fraternity, incorrect diagnosis and prescription, fraud, and abuse. In this work, introduce blockchain-based framework that would unlock the future of the healthcare sector and improved services. Our proposed solution utilizing Ethereum smart contracts to develop a transparent, tamper-proof telemedicine healthcare framework, and ensure the integrity of sensitive patient data eliminating a central administrator. Moreover, the smart contract regulates the interaction between all the parties involved in the network and keeps the patient meticulously informed about the transactions in the network.
Mir Hassan, Jincai Chen, Adnan Iftekhar, Xiaohui Cui
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way the world works from home automation to smart cities, from improved healthcare to an efficient management sys-tem in supply chains to industry 4.0 revolution. IoT is increasingly becoming an essential part of the homes and industrial automa-tion; nevertheless, there are still many challenges that need to fix. IoT solutions are costly and complicated, while issues regarding security and privacy must be addressed with a sustainable plan. Support the growing number of connected devices; the IoT is in dire need of a reboot. Blockchain technology might be the answer. Starting as a decentralized financial solution in the form of Bitcoin, Blockchain technology has expanded to diverse areas and Information Technology applications. Blockchain technology and Smart Contracts can address the outstanding security and privacy issues that impede further development of the IoT. Blockchain is a decentralized system with no central governance, facilitates interactions, promotes new and improved transaction models, and allows autonomous coordination of the devices using enhanced encryption techniques. The primary reason for this paper is to showcase the challenges and problems we are facing with the current internet of things solutions and analyze how the use of Blockchain and Smart Contracts can help achieve a new, more robust internet of things system. Finally, we examine some of the many projects using the Internet of Things together with Blockchain and Smart Contracts, to create new solutions that are only possible by integrating these technologies.
Education plays a vital role in human life. To encourage higher education, the Indian government has taken many initiatives. These include the disbursement of scholarships to financially help the students belonging to low-income families. Central Sector Scheme of Scholarship for College and University Students (CSS) is one such scheme that financially helps meritorious students in pursuing graduation and post-graduation. This scheme was introduced in 2008. Scholarships from CSS have been helping students to fund their educational expenses. But there have been some difficulties faced by the students in availing this scholarship. These include lack of traceability of application form, loss of application form in transit through Indian Postal Service, lack of transparency between students and their respective Education Boards, and lack of bank account verification. In this paper, we propose a Smart Contract for CSS Scheme that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks. It has four entities: Students, Education Boards, Colleges, and Banks. The Blockchain-based Smart Contract proposed in this paper, has been developed to provide a user-friendly environment to a student and maintain a transparent and constant connection between students and their respective Education Boards. Many applications have been developed on the Blockchain platform but to the best of our knowledge, there does not exists any government scholarship scheme on the Blockchain platform in India.
Blockchain is gaining extensive attention due to its provision of secure and decentralized resource sharing manner. However, the incumbent blockchain systems also suffer from a number of challenges in operational maintenance, quality assurance of smart contracts and malicious behaviour detection of blockchain data. The recent advances in artificial intelligence bring the opportunities in overcoming the above challenges. The integration of blockchain with artificial intelligence can be beneficial to enhance current blockchain systems. This article presents an introduction of the convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence (namely blockchain intelligence). This article also gives a case study to further demonstrate the feasibility of blockchain intelligence and point out the future directions.
Summary As the value of data has received considerable attention, data trading shows broad market prospects. The existing data trading methods, including private trades and centralized trades, have high risks regarding transaction security and data protection. To solve this problem, we propose a decentralized trading solution for open fair data trading by deploying the smart contract on the blockchain network. The data for sale are encrypted and stored on the distributed storage platform but not directly on the blockchain network. Because the trading content is the decryption key of the data, the proposed new method can alleviate the storage pressure of the blockchain by reducing the transaction cost. We conduct a security analysis which shows that our scheme achieves secure, practical, open, and fair trading. We implement our trading contract with solidity and test it on the Ethereum's test network, and extensive experiments demonstrate desirable feasibility of our proposal.
Syeda Ajbina Nusrat, Jannatul Ferdous, Sara Binty Ajmat, Ameer Ali · 5 authors
Data security is an important issue in healthcare system in Bangladesh, especially in a rural and remote area where proper medical care doesn39;t reach in time, and the infrastructures of the medical system in those areas are impracticable. Providing proper medical care to the citizens of rural and remote regions with secure information is a challenge in Bangladesh. Telemedicine systems have been introduced for serving rural people with proper medical care, but in those systems, patients39; data is insecure. To address this issue, this paper proposed a model of telemedicine system using blockchain technology for medical care of rural people and the security of personal data of patients. Implementation of this model will help those people with proper and reliable medical care with the security of private information and may also bring more medical benefits for the citizens of Bangladesh economically, socially, and technologically.
Information systems and computerization nowadays need very faster, secure & easier data analysis techniques. It is also required to maintain efficiency and accuracy in data analysis. So machine learning & Blockchain techniques have been continuously used in the data analysis & security in various fields from medicine to organization and education to energy applications. This study applies classification of machine learning & Blockchain techniques to process the data and survey of selection methods, query strategies, applications and security. In highly secure data, Security issues are solved by using Blockchain Technology. Blockchain technology is rapidly gaining attention towards the Security of confidential data. The healthcare industry is one of the fields of organization where high risk involves & its attracted attention of many technological organizations so this field required the security for securing their data. The Blockchain is generally used for providing the security to secure the high sensitive data. By using the Blockchain technology there are numerous opportunities for healthcare industry to achieve & gain. Such as reduced transaction costs, increased transparency for regulatory reporting, efficient healthcare data management and healthcare records universality as well as able to access data from any location. In the context of smart healthcare system blockchain may provide distinct benefits, particularly from a context-aware perspective where efficient and personalized solutions may be provided to citizens and the society. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of relationship between Machine learning and blockchain techniques related to smart healthcare system. In addition, we are going to discussed several challenges can comes for actually implementing machine learning secure healthcare system using blockchain based Technology.