Purpose of the study: The hospitality industry is undergoing a transformation with the advent of blockchain technology, especially in hotel keys management. This chapter explores the use of blockchain to manage hotel guest room keys, focusing on its applications, benefits, and future ramifications. Methodology: The chapter begins by clarifying the basic concepts of blockchain, outlining its functionality as a decentralized distributed ledger system and then explores the challenges of traditional core system design and introduces blockchain-based key management solutions. This solution uses cryptographic encryption and decentralized access control mechanisms, integrating smart contracts to automate processes. Main Findings: Blockchain-based key management systems generate and distribute secure digital keys to guest smartphones, protecting it from unauthorized access and tampering blockchain’s immutable recordkeeping for a tamper-proof audit trail, enhancing security and accountability. Hotel networks allow guests to use digital keys in multiple ways, and connecting IoT devices allows for remote control and personalized experiences. Applications of the study: Blockchain technology provides a robust alternative to traditional hotel key management systems, improving security, transparency, and operational efficiency. Future trends, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, promise new innovations. A strategic and collaborative approach is recommended to maximize the benefits of blockchain in the hospitality industry. Novelty/Originality of the study: This chapter provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers aiming to harness the transformative power of blockchain.
This study explores the determinants of the intention to adopt blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises. Different from existing studies that advocate the use of socio-technical theory for blockchain technologies, we develop a new theoretical framework, called “SOS,” based on a review of the existing literature. This is an adaptation of the technology–organization–environment framework that examines the measures and scales from socio-technical, organizational, and sustainability contexts. We use ADANCO 2.3.2 for variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that two of the nine hypotheses are negatively significant, while the rest are positive. In our context, social sustainability and computer self-efficacy are strongly negatively significant for the adoption intention of blockchain technology in our context. Software quality and environmental sustainability are strongly positively significant. Meanwhile, collaboration, economic sustainability, and relative advantage mediated by experience are positively significant. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a new theoretical framework, fresh insights from the Indian industry, and several recommendations to practitioners.
M. Shanthalakshmi, J. Jeyalakshmi, R. Sunandita, Yerragogu Rishitha · 6 authors
Supply chain finance provides an ideal solution in the latest transactions for suppliers to receive early payment. However, the problems of risk and amalgamation issues can only be rectified by blockchain and AI technologies. The proof of stake consensus algorithm protects private transaction details from breaches and provides an efficient and economical mechanism to enhance the SCF system. Additionally, blockchain provides the scalability feature to extend these chains to a global level. The introduction of smart contracts automates transactions without intermediaries. Moreover, blockchain records being immutable and decentralised protect the integrity of data. The Ring signature algorithm increases the confidentiality of transactions along with the Distributed Key Generation (DKG) algorithm used for authentication. Merkle trees are used as a data structure to store financial records. Blockchain’s interoperability makes it an attractive option to use along with traditional supply chain methodologies. AI algorithms in supply chain finance help detect fraudulent activities and assess risk. It also performs predictive analytics which leads to better decision-making. AI also provides easy collaboration between supply chain partners. It automates compliance checks reducing the administrative burden for businesses. AI checks various data points and assesses the creditworthiness of suppliers. It also reduces errors and delays in payments by automating invoice and payment processing. Clustering algorithms can be used to group vulnerabilities and Reinforcement learning can be deployed to categorise risks. The integration of blockchain and AI in supply chain finance presents promising benefits. Blockchain ensures transparency, data integrity, and fraud prevention, while AI facilitates data-driven decision-making and personalised financing. By leveraging algorithms for consensus, smart contracts, predictive analytics, fraud detection, and autonomous supply chain operations, businesses can achieve an efficient, secure, and resilient supply chain finance ecosystem. This synergy paves the way for a transformative shift in the global supply chain finance landscape, enhancing collaboration, trust, and financial inclusivity.
Building services systems are essential for creating a comfortable and safe living environment in buildings. These are complex systems with high stakeholder involvement, a lengthy lifecycle, and high financial costs. This leads to building services systems having complex procurement and management (P&M) requirements which create a multitude of challenges. Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary digital technology under “Procurement 4.0”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of blockchain technology for systematic procurement and management of building services. The science mapping method was used to systematically and quantitatively analyse 102 publications related to bibliographic records retrieved from Scopus and the Web of Science databases. This includes content analysis of the existing issues, current trends of technologies, and applicability of blockchain in the P&M of building services. The results of the bibliometric analysis indicate that publications had grown significantly faster in 2021 related to the P&M of building services with new technologies while there is a minimal collaboration of countries, organisations and authors in publishing research in this area. Further, it is observed that Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the main technology utilised in general P&M. As a result of content analysis, a total of 28 issues that affect the performance of procurement and management of building services are identified. The paper critically evaluates blockchain technology in terms of peer-to-peer networks, hashing algorithms, public key cryptography, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and distributed ledger. It indicates that blockchain provides a perfect match for resolving these issues. The findings of the research will open a path to apply blockchain technology in building services. The study offers a readily available point of reference for practitioners, policymakers and research and development bodies.
Waeal J. Obidallah, Waleed Rashideh, Ahmed Mohammed Kamaruddeen, Taher Alzahrani · 7 authors
In complementing our existing knowledge of blockchain technology adoption in the construction industry, this research investigated how the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) applies to adopting blockchain technology among Saudi Arabian Construction companies. This study utilized cross-sectional data collection, causal research design, a quantitative research approach, and a simple random sampling technique to collect data from 248 Saudi Arabian construction companies. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that attitude toward adopting Blockchain (ATT) and perceived ease of use (PEU) are good predictors of behavioural intention to adopt Blockchain. The findings showed that when construction companies perceive the ease of use of Blockchain, they intend to adopt the technology. Attitude toward adopting Blockchain, directly and indirectly, influences behavioural intention to adopt the Technology. However, top management support only directly leads to intention once the companies perceive the usefulness of blockchain technology. This paper complements the existing literature on adopting Blockchain in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. The study provides insight into the influence of top management support, attitude toward adoption, and perceived ease of use in the blockchain adoption process.
Lutviana, Iis Setiawan Mangkunegara, Hamzah M. Marhoon
This systematic literature review explores the use of blockchain technology to improve the security of communication between IoT devices in the healthcare sector. The integration of IoT in healthcare has revolutionized patient data management but introduced security challenges. Blockchain, as a decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a potential solution by providing a secure method of data storage and transmission. This review analyzed 62 relevant studies published in the last five years using the PRISMA methodology. The main contributions of blockchain include improved data security, privacy, and data integrity, with decentralization and cryptographic techniques ensuring patient data remains secure and accessible only to authorized entities. Challenges of blockchain implementation include interoperability, data storage efficiency, and the need for strong cryptographic algorithms. Proposed solutions include the development of a specialized blockchain framework for healthcare, the integration of advanced encryption methods, and the use of distributed ledger technology to manage electronic medical records. Further research is needed to develop more efficient and secure blockchain solutions in healthcare applications, including improved interoperability, encryption algorithms, and real-world case studies. Although challenges remain, blockchain has great potential to improve the communication security of IoT devices in the healthcare sector.
Procurement processes within Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are essential for managing supplier relationships, purchase orders, and payment settlements. Conventional ERP-based procurement often faces challenges related to inefficiency, manual reconciliation, lack of transparency, and susceptibility to fraud or contractual disputes. Blockchain-enabled smart contracts offer a transformative approach by providing self-executing agreements that operate on decentralized, tamper-resistant ledgers. These contracts ensure automation, trust, and compliance, thereby addressing long-standing limitations in procurement workflows. This paper investigates the integration of blockchain technology with ERP-based procurement systems, focusing on how smart contracts can automate vendor onboarding, streamline purchase order execution, enforce payment terms, and ensure regulatory compliance. The discussion emphasizes architectural principles for blockchain-ERP integration, including transparency, immutability, interoperability, and governance. Various blockchain platforms such as Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum, and Corda are assessed for their suitability in enterprise procurement environments, considering factors such as permissioned access, scalability, and regulatory alignment. Through reference models and case studies, the paper demonstrates how blockchain enabled procurement enhances efficiency, reduces disputes, and strengthens supply chain accountability. Key challenges including interoperability with legacy ERP, smart contract vulnerabilities, and compliance with global regulations are also explored. The study provides a conceptual and practical framework for designing blockchain-enabled procurement architectures, highlighting their potential to reshape ERP ecosystems and support sustainable digital transformation.
Fawzieh Mohammed Masa’d, Hassan Ali Al-Ababneh, Rasha Mohammad Rath’an Alraqqad, Dirar Abdelaziz Al-Maaitah · 6 authors
The key goal of the study is to identify aspects of the implementation of blockchain technologies in human resource management and argue for the moderating role of institutional support. The need to introduce new technologies at both the tactical and strategic levels is substantiated. It is highlighted that the key core of modern organizations is the human resource management system. The role of integration of blockchain technologies in human resource management, which ensures the effective training of qualified personnel at the right time and in the right place, is argued. It has been determined that the introduction of blockchain technologies in human resource management facilitates the organization of cooperation between countries in updating skills and knowledge based on compliance with competency standards and corporate governance rules. A survey of 300 employees of the pharmaceutical industry in Jordan was conducted, which served as the basis for a multivariate analysis to confirm reasonable hypotheses. The results obtained are valuable and can be applied in practice in terms of determining the impact of the implementation of blockchain technology in the human resource management system and on the UTAUT structure, which in turn provides institutional support.
This paper investigates the integration of blockchain technology into e-procurement, assessing its advantages and challenges. A framework is introduced, encompassing smart contracts, digital identity verification, and consensus mechanisms tailored for procurement needs. Through case studies, blockchain’s transformative impact on trust, fraud prevention, and procurement efficiency is demonstrated. Additionally, the transition to blockchain based e-tendering is explored, promising enhanced transparency, decentralization, and security in procurement processes. The framework not only facilitates cost reduction but also enhances public trust, emphasizing the socio-economic benefits of blockchain adoption in procurement
Kongmanas Yavaprabhas, Mehrdokht Pournader, Stefan Seuring
Existing studies into the roles of trust in blockchain applications within supply chains are fragmented. This paper seeks to address this issue by consolidating current knowledge and identifying various trustors and trust targets in blockchain applications in the supply chain literature. We conduct a bibliometric analysis of 192 relevant journal articles published between 2018 and 2022. We then identify 11 distinct clusters and analyse the trustors and trust targets within these clusters and leverage trust transfer theory to explain how a trustor's trust in one target can be transferred to another associated target in each cluster. We conclude by proposing two prospective research avenues focusing on trust transfer perspectives in blockchain applications in supply chain literature. The first avenue discusses the nuances in the trust transfer processes between voluntary and mandatory contexts of blockchain use. The second avenue highlights the underexplored trust transfer processes of various initial trust targets that can influence blockchain adoption.
Blockchain technology has grown enormously in diverse, intelligent applications with high security, transparency, and trust, but performance analysis is still a concern. Various debugging and analysis tools exist that can be used to eliminate bugs and vulnerabilities in smart contracts. However, these tools are only a little capable of making the solution attack-resistant. This research improves the performance analysis smart contract in the Remix IDE platform. The analysis detects and debugs security and vulnerability issues and minimizes the gas and economy from various smart contract fragments, especially in the Solidity language. This research reduced the number of vulnerabilities to 82 compared to 641 in previous work. The gas fee consumption and code size were also considerably reduced by tens of thousands of Wei, thus improving the performance. The gas fee is reduced by removing unnecessary events, using bytes instead of a string, using the required function, packing the structure tightly, activating the optimizer, using short circuit rules, and using an external function. Also, the code size is reduced using inheritance, modifiers, and removing extra comments. To use inheritance and virtual concepts, the work is deployed on the latest compiler version, i.e., 0.8.17+ commit. The solidity static analysis helped remove vulnerabilities such as similar variable names, use of constructor(), etc. The paper presents a novel approach for researchers to write efficient smart contracts and make an optimized system. The developed system was finally tested on the Goerli test network of Ethereum using Remix IDE, and the results proved the efficiency of the smart contract.
The rapid integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into logistics and supply chain management (SCM) marks a significant transformation towards enhanced efficiencies, security, and sustainability. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 2680 publications from the Scopus database, this study charts the evolution of IoT within logistics and SCM and reveals a shift from foundational explorations to mature implementations. The research unfolds a complex thematic structure, highlighting the revolutionary impacts of IoT and related technologies such as RFID, the synergy of Industry 4.0 with SCM through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the strategic role of blockchain for enhanced traceability and security, and the advent of novel communication and encryption technologies for secure data exchanges. Further, the analysis categorizes the scholarly discourse into critical areas including big data and IoT optimization in SCM, IoT-driven innovation in the food supply chain, applications of blockchain and smart contracts, digital transformation through Industry 4.0, security advancements with intelligent systems, and the exploration of advanced technologies for Industry 4.0 and 5.0. This review not only delineates the intellectual landscape of IoT applications in logistics and SCM but also identifies emerging research areas such as blockchain integration, 5G potential, and AI-driven optimizations, suggesting pathways for future research to broaden the understanding in this dynamically evolving field. It serves as an essential resource for academics and practitioners, providing insights into the transformative role of IoT in logistics and SCM and proposing directions for future technological and academic endeavors.
Tessa Handra, Suryani Purnama, Ariya Jati Kusumo, Daniel Bennet
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force in the digital transformation of industries, particularly in enhancing security, transparency, and operational efficiency. This paper aims to explore the practical applications of blockchain in various sectors, including supply chain management, healthcare, and finance, and assess its ability to address challenges like decentralization, cryptographic security, and consensus mechanisms. Through a comprehensive literature review and case study analysis, this study examines how blockchain technology fosters trust, reduces fraud, and improves the efficiency of digital systems by providing tamper-proof records and automating processes through smart contracts. The research also identifies significant barriers to blockchain adoption, such as scalability issues, regulatory constraints, and interoperability problems that hinder its widespread implementation. By evaluating these obstacles, the paper offers insights into the technological and policy challenges that need to be overcome to facilitate blockchain's broader use. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by showcasing the potential of blockchain to revolutionize industries beyond its initial use in cryptocurrencies. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on blockchain's applications in real-world business systems, emphasizing its role in digital transformation strategies. The paper concludes by recommending further research and technological innovations to address the scalability and regulatory gaps, as well as strategies for accelerating blockchain adoption. Ultimately, blockchain's ability to enhance the security, transparency, and efficiency of modern systems positions it as a key driver of future digital transformations.
Blockchain technology, an innovative distributed ledger technology, has gained widespread application across various industries in recent years due to its decentralization, transparency, immutability, and traceability. This paper explores the application of blockchain technology in real estate transactions by analyzing four representative cases: Propy, PropertyClub, Ubitquity, and RealBlocks. The analysis demonstrates the significant advantages of blockchain in enhancing transaction security, improving efficiency, and reducing costs. The study reveals that Propy's platform, leveraging smart contracts, has automated global real estate transactions, reducing average transaction time by 32.4% and costs by 27.8%. PropertyClub utilizes blockchain to record and verify transaction information, ensuring transparency and security while achieving a 21.3% cost reduction. Ubitquity's blockchain-based record management system reduces record management time by 45.6% and increases data accuracy to 98.9%. RealBlocks has digitized and securitized real estate investments, enhancing liquidity by 52.1% and reducing investment costs by 20.5%. Future trends indicate a deep integration of blockchain with smart contracts and IoT, as well as the digitization and securitization of real estate assets. However, the widespread application of blockchain technology faces multiple challenges, including technical bottlenecks, legal and regulatory issues, market acceptance, and data privacy concerns. This paper further elaborates on these trends and challenges, proposing potential solutions. In conclusion, while blockchain technology has a promising future in real estate transactions, its widespread adoption requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders.
In the realm of future smart system development, one domain poised for significant growth is the emergence of smart cities worldwide, which aim to enhance people's quality of life. In fact, a smart city is characterized by the integration of a large volume of data and wireless communication enabled services, encompassing automated healthcare, smart transportation, home automation, smart parking, and traffic management, among others. However, the rapid growth of smart cities presents challenges in ensuring secure and reliable exchange of information between IoT devices and entities within the smart city ecosystem due to the enormous amount of data traffic generated by intelligent information systems. To address these challenges, the deployment of blockchain technology within smart cities holds promise for improving data integrity and facilitating the transparent, reliable, secure, and equitable delivery of services and applications. This paper explores the integration of Ethereum blockchain, smart city concepts, and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), investigating the potential for implementing an Ethereum blockchain-based smart contract on a smart city system. Finally, the proposed architecture is simulated in a limited environment, yielding results that demonstrate its feasibility.
This project delves into the integration of blockchain technology within the healthcare sector, with a focus on managing health insurance processes. Blockchain, renowned for its decentralized and immutable characteristics, emerges as a promising solution to tackle diverse challenges in health insurance, ranging from fraud prevention to ensuring data security and streamlining claims processing. Through harnessing blockchain's distributed ledger technology, stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem can securely store and exchange sensitive health insurance data while upholding transparency and integrity throughout the entire process. This research endeavour will explore the practical implementation of blockchain-based solutions in healthcare insurance, examining their potential advantages, obstacles, and ramifications for enhancing efficiency and trust in the healthcare insurance domain. By conducting thorough research and analysis, this project aims to shed light on the real-world applications of blockchain technology in reshaping health insurance systems, thereby contributing to the advancement of accessibility, affordability, and reliability of healthcare services for both individuals and organizations.
Ioannis Christodoulou, Ioannis Rizomyliotis, Kleopatra Κonstantoulaki, Alireza Nazarian · 5 authors
Purpose This study employs an interpretivist approach to investigate how blockchain technology can transform the remittance industry. Design/methodology/approach We collected data from blockchain experts with extensive experience, compellingly demonstrating the revolutionary impact of blockchain technology on the remittance sector. Findings Despite experiencing rapid growth, the global remittance sector still faces challenges such as high costs and lengthy transaction times. However, blockchain technology, known for disrupting emerging industries, offers a decentralized and secure mechanism for containing, storing and managing information. By leveraging rapid block confirmations, blockchain reduces settlement times in remittance transactions, enabling value transfers between parties with just a crypto wallet. Research limitations/implications The implications of this study are profound for theorists, as it validates existing theoretical frameworks, identifies specific pain points and explores exciting opportunities presented by blockchain technology. Additionally, we provide a roadmap for future research and innovation, bridging theory and practice and setting the stage for advancement, fostering knowledge, innovation and the successful integration of blockchain technology in the remittance industry. Originality/value Analysis highlights a unanimous consensus among experts regarding the transformative potential of blockchain technology in the remittance industry. This consensus serves as a strong impetus for practitioners to swiftly adopt blockchain-based solutions, capitalizing on opportunities such as stable coin issuance, elimination of intermediaries in foreign exchange trading, access to liquidity and the exploration of new business models. Successfully addressing challenges like congestion and limited reach will ensure seamless integration.
This systematic review examines the role of blockchain technology in enhancing data security and preventing cyberattacks across various sectors. Blockchain's decentralized and immutable ledger system, secured through cryptographic mechanisms like cryptographic hashes and asymmetric encryption, offers robust protection against unauthorized access and data tampering. The study highlights blockchain's ability to maintain data integrity and immutability, essential for applications requiring high levels of trust, such as financial transactions and healthcare records. The review also emphasizes the significance of smart contracts, which automate and enforce contract terms, thereby reducing human error and fraud. Sector-specific applications in finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things demonstrate blockchain's versatility in addressing diverse security challenges. However, significant challenges, including scalability issues, high energy consumption, and regulatory and legal hurdles, impede the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. Addressing these challenges is crucial for realizing blockchain's full potential in cybersecurity. This review underscores the need for continued research and development to overcome these obstacles and fully harness blockchain's capabilities in securing data and preventing cyberattacks.
Purpose This study aims to examine blockchain's effect on the accounting profession. In other words, this study seeks to answer whether blockchain can affect the accounting profession. Design/methodology/approach The statistical population of this study comprises two groups. The first group includes accountants and external auditors working for Iranian audit firms, and the second group consists of accounting professors. Finally, 743 participants are selected as the research sample using the Cochran sample selection method. In this study, partial least square tests are used to examine the effect of the independent variable on dependent variables. Findings The results of this study demonstrate that blockchain has a positive and significant effect on the payroll system, risk management and financial systems. Moreover, the results indicate that blockchain does not affect the audit process. Originality/value As no research has yet examined the effect of blockchain on the accounting profession in Iran, the results of this study can provide the public with helpful information and add to the relevant literature.
Both natural and man-made disaster leave thousands of people in vulnerable and in need for essential aid. While individuals generously donate resources, traditional donation management systems suffer from limitations. Centralized control, opaque transactions, and potential corruption often hinder aid delivery and leave victims in despair. This paper proposes a novel Ethereum blockchain-based system for transparent and secure disaster donation management. Utilizing smart contracts, the system ensures traceability, accountability, and immutability of donations, empowering donors and fostering trust. This paper presents the system's architecture, detailing its components and interactions through sequence diagrams and algorithms. Additionally, successful testing on the Sepolia Ethereum testnet validates its functionality. To assess its effectiveness, a cost and security analysis is conducted. This blockchain-based framework offers a promising solution for transparent and efficient disaster response, potentially revolutionizing donation management. Further research, particularly on donation allocation optimization within the system holds immense potential for future development.
Purpose: FinTech, which is all about using technology in finance, has been changing a lot lately because of something called blockchain. Blockchain was first used for Bitcoin but has become important in finance and other areas. This paper argues that block chain technology addresses these concerns by enhancing the safety and speed of transactions. Through blockchain and tokenization, financial services are becoming more efficient and user-friendly. Methodology: This paper talks about theories and uses different kinds of sources like books, articles, and online materials. It focuses on Blockchain Technology, looking at its features, functions, and types. Different websites of different companies working on blockchain have been checked to see the impact of blockchain in today’s world. Findings: Blockchain technology is changing financial technology (FinTech) by making payments and transactions more secure and transparent. Its decentralized design improves security and benefits both consumers and financial institutions. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy(recommendations): The potential of blockchain interoperability protocols to securely transfer data and value between legacy systems and a myriad of blockchains, driving innovation and efficiency in the financial industry. The partnership between Swift, major financial institutions, and Chain link highlights the importance of making different blockchain networks work together smoothly. This is crucial for the next stage of digital asset adoption in the global financial system. It shows that even the largest banks and financial infrastructures can achieve interoperability between various blockchains with minimal resources.
Umar M Mulani, Vikas Narayan Nandgaonkar, Rais Mulla, Sonali Sonavane · 6 authors
This study delves into the integration of blockchain technology, specifically smart contracts, to revolutionize supply chain management. By leveraging smart contracts, the flow of products from farmers to consumers is securely recorded and verified on an immutable ledger, bolstering transparency and trust throughout the supply chain. Furthermore, the research addresses blockchain scalability challenges by proposing an adaptive algorithm to adjust gas fees based on network congestion, optimizing block confirmation times and transaction processing efficiency. A robust software architecture is outlined, emphasizing scalability to effectively handle large-scale supply chain operations. Through this interdisciplinary approach, the thesis aims to advance supply chain management practices by harnessing blockchain’s transformative capabilities, laying the groundwork for resilient and efficient supply chain ecosystems in the digital age.