Blockchain Papers

Rekha Goyat, Gulshan Kumar, Mritunjay Kumar Rai, Rahul Saha · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Gervais Mwitende, Yalan Ye, Ikram Ali, Fagen Li

No abstract is available for this record.

WU Wei, LIU Erwu, YANG Changxin, WANG Rui

With the development of precise positioning technology, a growing number of location-based services (LBS) emerge. For example, visit a specific place to get the corresponding reward. This also leads to location fraud by illegal users in order to gain benefits. Thus, it is necessary to verify location certificates provided by users. However, present proof of location systems are deficient in verifying users’ location certificates while protecting users’ privacy. Users do not flexibly control their location certificates either. Based on blockchain, a kind of distributed proof of location system architecture was proposed and based on the proposed system architecture, a kind of proof of location protocol with zero-knowledge proof was proposed further. With the proposed architecture and the protocol, the proposed proof of location system allows users to freely select disclosed certificate parameters and positional accuracy according to their needs so that hierarchical location privacy protection was achieved.

Hael Vincent, Burk Jack, Kanwalinderjit Kaur Gagneja

There are several instances when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA warns us of some outbreak in some specific or multiple food products. With such warnings, a lot of food gets wasted. However, with proper labeling and trackback system, only the food that is affected could be identified. By doing that, destroying only that food could save a lot of wastage of food. Blockchain is a technique that can trackback, from which farm the bad food is coming, could be identified very easily. The main motive of this research paper is to implement blockchain technology for the food network industry to allow a more secure, universal tracking scheme for shipments and transactions. By comparing this method to current food supply chain management systems, it is concluded that our proposed technique is much efficient and secure in solving the currently existing problems in the food supply chain industry.

Defeng Li, Yuan Hu, Mingming Lan

No abstract is available for this record.

Ping Li, Shengjun Li, Hongyang Yan, Lishan Ke · 6 authors

Secret sharing has been study for many years and has had a number of real-word applications. There are several methods to construct the secret-sharing schemes. One of them is based on coding theory. In this work, we construct a secret-sharing scheme that realizes an access structure by using linear codes, in which any element of the access structure can reconstruct the secret key. We prove that our scheme is a multiprover zero-knowledge proof system in the random oracle model, which shows that a passive adversary gains no information about the secret key. Our scheme is also a leakage-resilient secret-sharing scheme (LRSS) in the bounded-leakage model, which remain provably secure even if the adversary learns a bounded amount of leakage information about their secret key. As an application, we propose a new group identification protocol (GID-scheme) from our LRSS. We prove that our GID-scheme is a leakage-resilient scheme. In our leakage-resilient GID-scheme, the verifier believes the validity of qualified group members and tolerates l bits of adversarial leakage in the distribution protocol, whereas for unqualified group members, the verifier cannot believe their valid identifications in the proof protocol.

Zhuo Ma, Junwei Zhang, Yongzhen Guo, Yang Liu · 6 authors

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has been considered as one of the most prominent technologies for improving the efficiency and safety of modern transportation systems. However, VANET will present a unique range of challenges and opportunities for security. In particular, key management, as the footstone to build a practical security framework in VANET, becomes a research hotspot. In this paper, we investigate key management based on blockchain for VANET. We first propose an efficient decentralized key management mechanism for VANET with blockchain (DB-KMM) to automatically realize the registration, update and revocation of user's public key. At the same time, we present a lightweight mutual authentication and key agreement protocol based on the bivariate polynomial. Then, we analyze the security of DB-KMM in the universally composable framework and show that the mechanism can prevent the typical attacks including internal attacks, DoS attacks, public key tampering attacks and collusion attacks. Finally, we analyze the performance of the proposed scheme through experiments and simulation. Experiment results show that DB-KMM has better performance than the existing schemes in terms of communication, storage, computation overhead and latency.

May Thura Lwin, Jinhyuk Yim, Young‐Bae Ko

As a trending and interesting research topic, in recent years, researchers have been adopting the blockchain in the wireless ad-hoc environment. Owing to its strong characteristics, such as consensus, immutability, finality, and provenance, the blockchain is utilized not only as a secure data storage for critical data but also as a platform that facilitates the trustless exchange of data between independent parties. However, the main challenge of blockchain application in an ad-hoc network is which kind of nodes should be involved in the validation process and how to adopt the heavy computational complexity of block validation appropriately while maintaining the genuine characteristics of a blockchain. In this paper, we propose the blockchain-based trust management system with a lightweight consensus algorithm in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). The proposed scheme provides the distributed trust framework for routing nodes in MANETs that is tamper-proof via blockchain. The optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) is exploited as a representative protocol to embed the blockchain concept in MANETs. As a securely distributed and trusted platform, blockchain solves most of the security issues in the OLSR, in which every node is performing the security operation individually and in a repetitive manner. Additionally, using predefined principles, the routing nodes in the proposed scheme can collaborate to defend themselves from the attackers in the network. The experimental results show that the proposed consensus algorithm is suitable to be used in the resource-hungry MANET with reduced validation time and less overhead. Meanwhile, the attack detection overhead and time also decrease because the repetitivity of the process is reduced while providing a scalable and distributed trust among the routing nodes.

Youliang Tian, Zuan Wang, Jinbo Xiong, Jianfeng Ma

Dynamic wireless sensor networks (DWSNs) as an important means of industrial data collection are a key part of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), where security and reliability are important characteristics of trustworthiness. However, due to dynamics, the security of key management is caused by a nontrusted base station (BS) that is easily targeted. For the distribution key management scheme, the avianized BS also causes additional and heavy overhead on sensors. To tackle these issues, in this article, we propose a blockchain-based secure key management scheme (BC-EKM). First, stake blockchain is constructed based on the hybrid sensor network. In addition, we design a secure cluster formation algorithm and a secure node movement algorithm to implement key management, where stake blockchain as a trust machine replaces the majority functions of the BS. Finally, we conduct the security analysis and ample simulations. The results indicate that that the BC-EKM scheme is effective and efficient, and better suited to improve the trustworthiness of DWSNs in the IIoT.

Mohamed Baza, Mostafa M. Fouda, Mahmoud Nabil, Adly Tag Eldien · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Kushal Patil, Nirman Sonawane, Ekta Patil, Kshitija Kulkarni · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Sung-Hyun Yun

No abstract is available for this record.

Tian Qiu, Lin Hou, Dongdai Lin

No abstract is available for this record.

Sébastien Canard, Adela Georgescu, Guillaume Kaim, Adeline Roux-Langlois · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Haiying Ma, Guorong Sun

No abstract is available for this record.

Mahsa Keshavarz, M. Gharib, Fatemeh Afghah, Jonathan Ashdown

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are prone to several cyber-physical attacks, which decrease the performance of the network and may cause damage to the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or their surrounding environment. In this article, we propose UASTrustChain, a trust management framework based on Blockchain time-stamped series. We consider a system of models, consists of a number of autonomous UAVs, whose behaviors are regularly monitored by a set of distributed observers (DOs). Since most cyber attacks cause interruption in the operations of UAVs or deviation from their original path, the DOs keep track of the UAVs' behavior in terms of their trajectory, as well as the number of their successful tasks. The DOs calculate a relative trust score for each UAV and keep these scores in a transparent, reliable, secure and open ledger. This framework can detect UAVs' abnormal behavior in a real-time manner further to detect the compromised distributed observers, if any. The proposed framework could also distinguish abnormal activities due to real attacks from those caused by harsh environmental conditions. We evaluate the proposed framework for its functionality and accuracy by performing extensive simulation experiments. Our simulation results show that the proposed trust model can detect compromised distributed observers and fades their effect on the UAVs trust scores. Results further show the ability of the system in detecting malicious UAVs, which can be under various cyber-physical attacks.

Moti Yung, Cem Paya, Daniel James

No abstract is available for this record.

Yanhua Zhang, Ximeng Liu, Yifeng Yin, Qikun Zhang · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Md Ashraf Uddin, Andrew Stranieri, Iqbal Gondal, Venki Balasurbramanian

The Internet of Things (IoT) has facilitated services without human intervention for a wide range of applications, including underwater monitoring, where sensors are located at various depths, and data must be transmitted to surface base stations for storage and processing. Ensuring that data transmitted across hierarchical sensor networks are kept secure and private without high computational cost remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a multilevel sensor monitoring architecture. Our proposal includes a layer-based architecture consisting of Fog and Cloud elements to process and store and process the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) data securely with customized Blockchain technology. The secure routing of IoUT data through the hierarchical topology ensures the legitimacy of data sources. A security and performance analysis was performed to show that the architecture can collect data from IoUT devices in the monitoring region efficiently and securely.

Maqsood Ahamed Abdul Careem, Aveek Dutta

Distributed enforcement of spectrum policies require fusion of sensing results from a set of spatially scattered sensors to detect anomalous behavior with the highest possible accuracy. Central to this problem is the lack of trust or reputation of the participating sensors, which often leads to incorrect and biased inferences. In SenseChain, we leverage the distributed consensus mechanism employed in Blockchain networks to capture the reputation of the sensors, leading to a highly reliable and accurate enforcement system. Specifically, we define and analyze a detection mechanism to identify falsifying sensors using a distributed anomaly detection system and use the Blockchain to record the individual's behavior. The reputation is then based on the combination of the difficulty level of the consensus method and the degree of falsehood in the reported sensor values. We evaluate SenseChain using an integrated Blockchain and anomaly detection simulator to show that DLTs can be used to track reputation of distributed sensors for distributed enforcement of spectrum policies.

Hilmi Lazrag, Abdellah Chehri, Rachid Saadane, Moulay Driss Rahmani

The traffic load balance, the interferences reduction, and the security during the routing phase in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and IoT are investigated in this paper. In our work, we suppose that the network's nodes are sensing some events which generate heavy data that must be carried over several packets. We propose a routing protocol that makes use of the Blockchain technology to offer a shared memory between the network's nodes. These nodes are considered as coins in which the ownership transacts between the source nodes and the sink. All the transactions are stored in the Blockchain as a means to share the network's status in real-time. In order to select the optimal path, we introduce a cost function which considers the load density and interferences level at each node. Furthermore, we are taking advantage of the Blockchain security to secure the selected paths in the network. The simulation results have shown that this solution could be applicable and could resolve the issues cited above.

Raja Jalees ul Hussen Khan, Zainib Noshad, Atia Javaid, Maheen Zahid · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Abdul Mateen, Jawad Tanveer, Ashrafullah, Nasir Khan · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Xinghua Li, Yunwei Wang, Pandi Vijayakumar, Debiao He · 6 authors

A dynamic group key is required for secure communication in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Ad-Hoc Network (UAANET). However, due to the unreliable wireless channel and high-dynamic topology of UAANET, the situation that a node is missing certain group key broadcast messages occurs frequently. Existing group key distribution schemes cannot be directly applied to the UAANET, because of their poor security or real-time. Therefore, we present a mutual-healing group key distribution scheme based on the blockchain. Firstly, the Ground Control Station (GCS) builds a private blockchain where the group keys distributed by GCS are recorded. Meanwhile, through the blockchain, a dynamic list of UAANET membership certificates is also managed. According to different attack models, a basic mutual-healing protocol and an enhanced one are designed based on the Longest-Lost-Chain mechanism to recover the node's lost group keys with the aid of its neighbors. Security analysis and extensive experiments show that, compared with the existing mutual-healing schemes, our proposed solution can effectively resist various attacks with small overhead on time and storage.