The issue of quality traceability has been a persistent challenge in the current cotton supply chain, impeding the industry’s development. The lack of transparent and timely information transmission hampers effective regulation of cotton quality, thereby significantly impacting both the quality of cotton products and enterprises’ brand image. To address this problem, this paper proposes an Ethernet blockchain and smart contract-based platform for quality traceability in the cotton supply chain, enabling efficient management with complete transparency. We have developed five smart contracts and eight algorithms, providing comprehensive implementation, testing, and validation details for their integration into the cotton supply chain system. This approach ensures secure and authentic dissemination of quality information throughout the cotton supply chain while mitigating issues related to isolated product information.
Regulatory authorities, consumers, and producers alike are alarmed by the issue of food safety, which is a matter of international concern. The conventional approaches utilized in food quality management demonstrate deficiencies in their capacity to sufficiently address issues related to traceability, transparency, and accountability. The emergence of blockchain technology (BCT) has provided a feasible approach to tackle the challenge of regulating food safety. This research paper presents a methodology for implementing blockchain technology to establish risk traceability in the context of monitoring, tracing, and authenticating agricultural products. The proposed system underwent a comprehensive evaluation, which placed significant emphasis on simulation parameters and assessment standards. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system through the assessment of various quantitative metrics, including throughput, latency, and resource utilization. The Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Caliper were employed in the formulation and assessment of algorithms intended for agricultural supply chain management. The configuration comprising two entities and two peers achieved the highest write throughput (205.87 transactions per second; TPS), thereby demonstrating the network’s effective transaction processing capability. In a two-organization, two-peer system, the mean latency for read operations exhibited variability spanning from 0.037 to 0.061 s, contingent upon the transaction rates and accounting for the duration needed for network processing and validation. The results were visually depicted, offering a distinct demonstration of the system’s efficacy under various conditions. This study presents a quantitative analysis that illustrates the efficacy of the blockchain system in enhancing the traceability of agricultural products across the entire supply chain. The results of this research suggest that the implementation of blockchain technology could potentially enhance both the security and efficacy of food supply management.
Nov 1, 2023·2023 International Conference on Research Methodologies in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunication Engineering (RMKMATE)
Traceability has emerged as a prime requirement. It builds an authentic relation between customers and manufacturers in terms of quality and standards of the product by tracing the origin. The traceability is the journey from the production unit to the end user. To achieve this kind of traceability and transparency for pharmaceutical products in healthcare industry implementing Block chain technology would be a good addition. It protects the information without any unauthorized changes. Blockchain ensures cryptographically each block is protected, which makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack or cheat by altering it. This paper proposes a decentralized application (Dapp) over Ethereum blockchain. The Ethereum blockchain runs the decentralized application without any third-party interference. The Dapp for a pharmaceutical industry provides a peer-to-peer relationship between the manufacture and the customer to purchase the pharmaceutical products and trace its origin and its journey to the customer which helps to avoid counterfeit products.
As the complexity of the global food supply chain continues to grow, ensuring food quality and safety has become an important challenge for the global food industry.Food quality and safety traceability is a key methodology that can be used to track the origin and quality of food to ensure food safety.Meanwhile, blockchain technology, as a distributed ledger technology, provides new opportunities for food traceability.This study aims to explore how to integrate blockchain technology and data fusion analysis to improve the efficiency and accuracy of food quality and safety traceability.This paper first reviews the advantages of blockchain technology in food traceability and introduce the key concepts of data fusion analysis.Then, this paper proposes a blockchain-based framework for food quality and safety traceability, describing in detail the process of data collection, cleaning, fusion and analysis.Through practical case studies, this paper demonstrates the application of the framework in the field of grain quality and safety, and presents the fusion analysis results.Finally, the paper discusses future directions, including technical challenges, regulatory implications, and sustainability considerations.This study provides strong support for the integration of food quality and safety traceability and blockchain technology, which is expected to contribute to the further development of global food security and quality management.
In recent years the prominence of food product traceability has significantly increased due to growing concerns regarding food safety and ensuring equitable market access for farmers. Presently, supply chain information systems collect, transmit and store records in centralized systems. These conventional digital systems create fragmented data silos vulnerable to a single point of failure. These limitations pose significant challenges in establishing trust factors such as transparency, traceability, integrity, and privacy among the various actors involved in the agri-supply chain. To overcome these challenges, a decentralized technology like blockchain has immense potential to enhance traceability by addressing security and privacy aspects. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework called AgriFoodCredChain for food product traceability using Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs). Initially, the study outlines a secure mechanism for establishing DID communication channels, assuring robust and reliable data exchange. Furthermore, methods for privacy-preserved issuance and verification of credentials for food traceability are developed and presented. The implementation of the framework is conducted utilizing the identity blockchain named Hyperledger Indy and Aries library, considering particular workflow in the food supply chain. Evaluating the framework w.r.t credential issue and verifying time proves that the solution implemented is scalable and satisfies the requirements for real-time adoption.
Pedro Vieira de Azevedo, Jorge Gomes, Mário Rom�ão
Supply chains can span a huge number of countries, cross many borders, and require interoperation of a multitude of organizations. This vastness impacts business competitiveness since it adds complexity and can difficult securing traceability, chain of custody, and transparency. The authors propose that assuring chain of custody and traceability via blockchain allows organizations to demonstrate product provenance, integrity, and compliance. This work proposes that to effect true traceability the more complete approach is to connect both the supply chain actors (SCAs) and products identifications using digital certificates. A blockchain is used to manage the traceability of products and validation of the identities. Importing, verifying, and storing the certificates uses an off-chain data storage solution for products certificates. To create, validate the certificates, and setup the chain of trust, a public key infrastructure (PKI) was designed as part of the proposal. The results were architectural artifacts, including an Ethereum smart contract and a PKI-based certificate authentication system.
Distributed Ledger Technology is increasingly employed to address real-world challenges, such as those encountered in agri-food supply chains. Characteristics such as immutability, accuracy, and resilience, facilitate transparency in trustless environments. We present a blockchain-based "farm-to-fork" solution that enables end-to-end traceability of goods throughout the supply chain. A brief overview of the current landscape and state-of-the-art developments enhances comprehension of the existing advancements and limitations. It reveals that many projects lack detailed information on the technologies and technical implementation. Moreover, energy consumption remains an acknowledged obstacle to the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. The COW platform, an open-source proof-of-concept, is introduced for tracing the lifecycle of livestock. The architecture and technical details of COW, which leverages the high-performance, low-cost, and carbon-negative capabilities of Hedera Hashgraph, are meticulously described. COW enables geotracking of pastures, veterinary interventions, as well as livestock acquisitions and transfers in markets.
Maliha Rajwana Haque, Sadia Tabassum, Khairun Nahar
Bangladesh's economy draws its main strength from the agriculture sector.Rice is the staple food of the country, and is the most important crop in Bangladesh's agricultural sector.However, this sector is facing numerous challenges.The main challenge is proper tracking of agricultural products and ensuring payment after delivery.As the whole transaction process of products and money currently depends on third parties, both buyers and sellers use agents for delivery and payment of food.Ultimately these agents add additional cost to the system.Blockchain is a technology that can provide a remarkable solution for product traceability in agriculture and food supply chains.In this paper, we have conceptualized a Smart contract-based agricultural system through which buyers and sellers can directly interact with each other.With leveraging the smart contract facility of blockchain, transactions among stakeholders can be recorded, and the need for intermediaries will be eliminated prevailing a central authority system.All transactions will be recorded in Blockchain's immutable ledger which provides a high level of transparency and traceability to the supply chain.Furthermore, in this paper, we have provided data privacy protection solutions through cryptographic primitives and Markle trees that can avoid enterprise privacy and sensitive data leakage.We have also shown cost analysis and performance analysis.We made our smart contract codes publicly available on GitHub.
Juan Carlos Olivares, Josue G. Gutierrez-Martinez, Jose A. Gutieerez-Gnecchi, Enrique Reyes‐Archundia · 5 authors
Since traditional agricultural traceability systems are largely centralized, traceability results are not always accurate, there is a risk of privacy data leakage. A trustworthy agricultural traceability system built on the Ethereum Blockchain was suggested to solve these issues. On the other hand, the use of Blockchain and IPFS (Interplanetary File System) dual storage architecture was created to lessen the blockchain’s storage demands for effective information queries and prevent data explosion. To stop the leakage of sensitive and other critical data, a method for data privacy protection is suggested based on cryptographic primitives. Using the Ethereum blockchain platform, a portion of the planned system was implemented, and a cost, performance, and security analysis were conducted in addition to a comparison with conventional agricultural traceability systems. The outcomes demonstrated that the proposed system could be effective and practical and satisfy future suitable application needs.
Peter Sasitharan Gandhi Maniam, Catherine Prentice, Anne-Marie Sassenberg, Jeffrey Soar
Background: Blockchain adoption in agriculture is facing challenges. Some of its key challenges include lack of regulatory framework and unclear policies. Methods: This quantitative research based on a survey aims to examine the factors that influence blockchain implementation in the agricultural sector. Several theories including the technology acceptance model (TAM), the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), and the technology readiness index (TRI) were drawn upon to determine the factors influencing Blockchain adoption. The study was undertaken in Australia with 358 agricultural supply chain experts. Results: A range of novel findings were generated. While perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude positively influenced Blockchain adoption, discomfort and insecurity were considered deterrents. Conclusions: The results can be used by relevant practitioners to improve the supply chain management for agriculture business. The findings can also inform a new direction for the research on the agricultural supply chain and the literature on logistics.
In recent years, with the frequent crises of trust in the food industry, food safety issues have become an issue of particular concern to consumers. The traditional agricultural food logistics and transportation model can no longer guarantee the traceability of food safety information, and it is particularly important to establish an effective traceability system. Therefore, a traceability system is applied as a tool to assist in the assurance of food safety and quality, as well as to achieve consumer confidence. Blockchain is a new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm that has gradually emerged. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, immutable information and trustworthiness. When blockchain is applied to the traceability system of agricultural products, the quality of agricultural products will be well guaranteed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research efforts on traceability in agricultural products based on blockchain technology. First, the method of content analysis used in this article to sort out the papers is introduced. Second, the background concepts of blockchain and the key technologies are presented. Thirdly, the traceability applications based on blockchain technology for agricultural products are described in detail. Finally, we expand on the current trends and provide new perspectives pertaining to this exciting application of this field.
How might blockchain technology be used in the food supply chain? A systematic literature reviewAll authorsRetno Astuti & Luki Hidayatihttps://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2246739Published online:29 August 2023Display full sizeThe complexity of the food supply chain necessitates the implementation of traceability systems. The traceability system optimized the food supply chain management. Blockchain technology promises a new distributed ledger, which provides various uses by solving several traceability issues. Unfortunately, the present study does not completely address the use, opportunities, and challenges of blockchain technology in the food supply chain. Therefore, this study investigates the general knowledge regarding blockchain technology (the concept, features, and type of blockchain) and its use in the food supply chain. The findings of this study assist in gaining a better understanding and information regarding how to strengthen the traceability system in the food supply chain by optimizing the use of blockchain technology. The findings confirmed that the use of blockchain technology in the food supply chain was primarily for traceability, with public/private blockchain assisting as a popular platform. The transaction data is about the product origin information, transaction information, and product label information. The use of blockchain in the food supply chain has the benefit of enhancing food supply chain traceability and transparency. The challenges are the need for significant financial, human resources, and infrastructure investment, limited technical knowledge of stakeholders, significant product changes, the rapid development of the global supply chain, the potential for data manipulation, and policy change.
The structure of the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain has the characteristics of complexity, cross-regionality, a long cycle, and numerous participants, making it difficult to maintain the safety of supply. In recent years, some phenomena have emerged in the field of grain procurement and sale, such as topping the new with the old, rotating grains, the pressure of grades and prices, and counterfeit oil food, which have seriously threatened grain-and-oil-food security. Blockchain technology has the advantage of decentralization and non-tampering Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of traceability data in the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, and presents a blockchain-based traceability model for the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain. Firstly, a new method combining blockchain and machine learning is proposed to enhance the authenticity and reliability of blockchain source data by constructing anomalous data-processing models. In addition, a lightweight blockchain-storage method and a data-recovery mechanism are proposed to reduce the pressure on supply-chain-data storage and improve fault tolerance. The results indicate that the average query delay of public data is 0.42 s, the average query delay of private data is 0.88 s, and the average data-recovery delay is 1.2 s. Finally, a blockchain-based grain-and-oil-food-supply-chain traceability system is designed and built using Hyperledger Fabric. Compared with the existing grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, the model constructed achieves multi-source heterogeneous data uploading, lightweight storage, data recovery, and traceability in the supply chain, which are of great significance for ensuring the safety of grain-and-oil food in China.
This research presents a solution that combines deep learning-based image processing, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to achieve smarter control and traceability in greenhouse operations within the agricultural sector. By integrating these technologies, the aim is to overcome challenges posed by climate change, plant growth, limited agricultural land, and water scarcity, while enhancing crop yields and ensuring efficient and secure operations. The proposed system automates image capture, measurement, storage, and monitoring of environmental parameters in greenhouses, utilizing highly accurate image processing techniques with a 98% success rate. The integration of blockchain technology establishes an immutable and transparent record of transactions and data points, thereby improving traceability across the agricultural supply chain. This comprehensive approach fosters accountability, transparency, and trust, empowering consumers to make well-informed decisions regarding the products they purchase. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.
Rizwan Matloob Ellahi, Lincoln C. Wood, Alaa El‐Din A. Bekhit
With the rise of globalization and technological competition, the food supply chain has grown more complex due to the multiple players and factors involved in the chain. Traditional systems fail to offer effective and reliable traceability solutions considering the increasing requirement for accountability and transparency in the food supply chain. Blockchain technology has been claimed to offer the food industry a transformative future. The inherent features of blockchain, including immutability and transparency, create a dependable and secure system for tracking food products across the whole supply chain, ensuring total control over their traceability from the origin to the final consumer. This research offers a comprehensive overview of multiple models to understand how the integration of blockchain and other digital technologies has transformed the food supply chain. This comprehensive systematic review of blockchain-based food-supply-chain frameworks aimed to uncover the capability of blockchain technology to revolutionize the industry and examined the current landscape of blockchain-based food traceability solutions to identify areas for improvement. Furthermore, the research investigates recent advancements and investigates how blockchain aligns with other emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0. Blockchain technology plays an important role in improving food traceability and supply-chain operations. Potential synergies between blockchain and other emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0 are digitizing food supply chains, which results in better management, automation, efficiencies, sustainability, verifiability, auditability, accountability, traceability, transparency, tracking, monitoring, response times and provenance across food supply chains.
Romeo Bandinelli, Gabriele Scozzafava, Bianca Bindi, Virginia Fani
The importance of traceability in food products in regard to consumer preferences, the difficulty of certifications in communicating credence attributes, and concerns about food safety, have led consumers to ask for more information about the credibility of information reported on the label with the product itself, due to the importance of traceability in food products. An objective of this study is to analyze the benefits of implementing blockchain technology in the supply chain for ancient wheat, as a technology capable of sharing reliable information about the products easily along the entire value chain. In particular, the aim is to evaluate how the consumer reacts when confronted with a package of ancient wheat pasta for which all the information on its origin and processing methods is available. In order to achieve these results, a survey based on the Technology Acceptance Model has been developed and conducted in the Italian country. Result indicates the importance of identifying an independent variable that represents the degree of security when faced with a threat that creates a circumstance, condition or event that can lead to economic hardship, for example, data destruction, disclosure, modification, fraud, waste, and abuse. The strength of blockchain lies precisely in its ability to guarantee the immutability of data throughout the supply chain, providing the end consumer with a high-quality product.
E. Bharat Babu, K. Ritvik, L.V.A. Sainath, M. Gopi Krishna Sai
Blockchain technology can be used in agricultural supply chain management to increase transparency and traceability of products, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. All parties involved in the supply chain can get access to and share data regarding the place of origin, the flow of goods, and the quality of agricultural products by utilizing a distributed digital ledger. This can help to improve food safety, reduce fraudulent activities, and increase consumer trust in the products. Additionally, the use of smart contracts can automate and streamline various processes, such as payments and product certifications.
Eva Nurhazizah, Prenzeline Tyasamesi, Andry Alamsyah, Rathimala Kannan
The Indonesian coffee bean industry faces significant challenges in exporting to countries with stringent standards, primarily due to a lack of trust. Recent legislation in European countries has intensified scrutiny of imported agricultural products, highlighting the crucial role of cultivation processes. The lack of transparency and traceability poses hurdles for Indonesian coffee exports in effectively promoting their products and meeting the demanding quality standards of these countries. Blockchain technology, with its distributed ledgers and smart contracts, holds immense potential for providing supply chain traceability, enhancing transparency, and safeguarding against unauthorized data manipulation. We explore the capabilities of blockchain technology in the coffee supply chain and propose a solution model to overcome export-related obstacles, with a specific focus on enhancing supply chain transparency. The research centers around a coffee bean company's aspiration to expand its international operations. To ensure optimal development and performance of the model system, we adopt the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. The model system in this study has been successfully implemented and tested, resulting in the realization of transparency and traceability measures to ensure coffee quality.
Onsite construction activities (OCAs) are essential components affecting construction process quality. Tracing OCAs can control the construction process with high-resolution visibility, help stakeholders demonstrate their compliance with regulations, and reduce interorganizational quality disputes. Traditional technologies cannot meet the information recording demands for traceability, namely, immutability, transparency, and auditability. This work introduces a novel framework for the traceability of OCAs based on computer vision and blockchain technologies. First, cutting-edge deep learning algorithms are introduced to automatically extract OCA information from far-field surveillance videos. Second, a consortium blockchain system is built to record the identified OCA information and the hash value of the raw data for future review. Finally, a case of a high-rise office construction project is used to test and verify the feasibility of the framework, in which a blockchain prototype is developed based on a Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) platform, termly, PolyChain. The experimental results show that the BaaS-based prototype is an effective system architecture with good throughput and latency and can ensure the authenticity and transparency of OCA information for traceability demands.
Purpose The primary objective of this study is to investigate the application of blockchain technology (BCT) in the agri-food supply chain, focusing on traceability and food safety. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a semi-structured interview method with representatives from the cherry supply chain to evaluate their awareness and acceptance of BCT's impact. Additionally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to determine digital investment priorities in supply chain strategies. By applying the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model framework to the cherry supply chain, the study aimed to address the question “Which process model is suitable for implementing BCT in the agri-food supply chain?” Findings The global agri-food supply chains are characterized by significant food losses, escalating prices along the chain, and food safety risks. Concurrently, consumer concerns regarding food safety, quality and transparency are on the rise. BCT, with its ability to ensure data integrity, immutability, and seamless tracking of chain movements, presents immense potential as a secure infrastructure in the agri-food supply chain traceability. Originality/value The developed analytic framework and the study's findings can be adapted to different sectors and different sub-sectors within agri-food supply chains.
This paper presents the design and implementation of a monitoring and data collection system for agricultural product preservation during transportation to meet authenticity and traceability requirements. The system is built and performed using blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technology to use and integrate their benefits. This system comprises a private blockchain network built on the Ethereum platform and powered by the GoQuorum protocol, which enables distributed data exchange among members using a common protocol and cryptographic techniques while ensuring the transparency and integrity of the information. A wireless sensor network has been designed and implemented for collecting data from sensors about the storage environment of agricultural products. This study also proposes using LoRa technology to build low-cost wireless communication networks with broad coverage for data collection from sensor nodes mounted to agricultural products. Furthermore, the integrated online map web assists in real-time monitoring and tracing of information on the process of transporting agricultural products, as well as querying data for completed contracts. Experiments were conducted close to the reality of the application’s desire to deploy the system to calibrate and evaluate the functioning, with promising results.
Jun Wu, Ping Zhang, Xianglin Bao, Wenhan Li · 6 authors
The technologies associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) have great potential for application in the domain of agriculture to increase production and reduce energy consumption. This paper builds a integrated vegetable supply system which integrates planting, storage, logistics and consumption through IoT technology. Using blockchain and Web development technology, this system creates traceable smart contract to ensure food safety. Environment data collected by sensors are used to predict the growth requirements of the plants by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. A prototype system is created to prove the feasibility of the system.
This study highlights both theoretical as well as practical contributions to improving traceability in supply chain management with special focus on the fish supply chain. As a theoretical contribution, it highlights how blockchain technology can contribute to improving supply chain transparency in various sectors by providing real-time visibility. Concerning practical contributions, this study adopted a case study approach in the Philippines to track and trace the fish supply chain from bait to plate. It deploys a project titled ‘Tracy’, a blockchain-based information technology artifact to support fishermen in the Philippines, who are facing numerous challenges in the seafood industry such as different standards and regulations, requirements for international exports, catch certification, etc. This study specifically contributes to developing a smartphone app through the Tracy project that allows fishermen to view the history of their fish captures and exchanges (such as the name of the fish species, weight, and length of the fish, date of capture, and vessel name). The update of transaction histories, the identity of the fishermen, and the amount of fish that has to be sold are additional updates also made possible by this app. This research study concludes with overall study outcomes and limitations with future research.