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1,177 results · page 10 of 50
Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi, Hussam Dheaa Kamel Al-Janabi, Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda, Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
S. Thangam, S. Sibi Chakkaravarthy
No abstract is available for this record.
S. Gnanavel, N. Arunachalam, Godfrey Winster Sathianesan
Blockchain’s appeal is expanding as additional application industries seek to profit from its immutability, security, costsavings, transparency, and processing speed. Blockchain has helped many industries improve their existing systems or complete system design shifts. For example, blockchain has enabled IoT systems to improve service quality while meeting security requirements. This technique is generating much academic interest in other domains, such as the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). The study classifies blockchain-enabled systems generically as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The distributed ledger technology (DLT) paradigm has transformed VANET communication paradigms and practices. The study will also look for open concerns related to blockchain for opportunities. The concept of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) embraces the potential of blockchain technology to enhance security in electric vehicle (EV) transactions, enabling decentralized, transparent, and secure electricity trading. Moreover, the utilization of blockchain technology holds the promise of substantially improving energy efficiency, reducing management expenses, and ensuring the optimal utilization of energy resources. As a result, its implementation in the IoV idea enables EVs to trade energy in a secure, autonomous, and automatic manner. The purpose is to investigate existing IoV difficulties and demonstrate how blockchain properties might aid this new paradigm. The limitations and potential research paths of blockchain technology integration within the IoV are also emphasized. Systems for vehicle networks need to handle data storage effectively and ensure secure transactions and interference-free networks. The immutability and tamperproof nature of blockchain make it a promising alternative for 5G car network systems. Additionally, inherent security assessments have been conducted, uncovering various difficulties and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in 5G vehicular networks.
Zhihong Deng, Chunming Tang, Taotao Li, Debiao He
The emergence of 5G/6G networks has sparked new potentials for Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, such as vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs), inspiring numerous scholars to leverage Blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles (BIoV) solutions to address prevailing issues in VANETs. However, the dynamic and decentralized nature of VANETs presents significant challenges in terms of security and privacy, hindering data providers from engaging in the data-sharing process. Furthermore, the reliability of edge nodes and system architecture in the BIoV paradigm faces several challenges, including limited consensus participation, high resource consumption, poor scalability, and centralization. To mitigate these challenges, we propose RTSP, a robust and trusted service protocol for VANETs, based on a distributed ledger technology. RTSP advocates a novel three-tier BIoV architecture suitable for any permissioned BIoV application scenario. To improve the quality of data sharing, we design a decentralized reputation mechanism. This mechanism mitigates the performance bottleneck induced by consensus transactions by measuring the historical behavior of roadside units (RSUs). Empirical evidence from simulation experiments and security performance analyses substantiates RTSP’s capabilities. It can hinder the number of faulty RSUs from increasing while simultaneously improving data-sharing efficiency, simplifying communication complexity, and enhancing system scalability and consensus stability.
Md Sahabul Hossain, Craig Rodine, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou
With the increasing awareness for sustainable future and green energy, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is growing rapidly, thus placing immense pressure on the energy grid. To alleviate this, local trading between EVs should be encouraged. In this paper, we propose a blockchain and public key infrastructure (PKI)-based secure vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy-trading protocol. A permissioned blockchain utilizing the proof of authority (PoA) consensus and smart contracts is used to securely store data. Encrypted communication is ensured through transport layer security (TLS), with PKI managing the necessary digital certificates and keys. A multi-leader, multi-follower Stackelberg game-based trade algorithm is formulated to determine the optimal energy demands, supplies, and prices. Finally, we propose a detailed communication protocol that ties all the components together, enabling smooth interaction between them. Key findings, such as system behavior and performance, scalability of the trade algorithm and the blockchain, smart contract execution costs, etc., are presented through numerical results by implementing and simulating the protocol in various scenarios. This work not only enhances local energy trading among EVs, encouraging efficient energy usage and reducing burden on the power grid, but also paves a way for future research in sustainable energy management.
G. Rajesh, Mercilin Raajini, S. Meyyappan, Rajapriya Raja · 6 authors
Securing the transfer of messages is a challenging task for communication between vehicles in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). The effectiveness of vehicle-to-vehicle communication is of top priority in VANETs, where the lives and possessions of drivers are at stake. The ultimate objective of a vehicle network is to ensure fast and proper broadcasting of information concerning life-threatening incidents, such as traffic jams and accident reports. However, these messages are prone to attacks by misleading intruders attempting to modify or alter them during communication. Emergency communications are basically segregated on the basis of the message schema and safety level, primarily due to the lack of quick and reliable communication and the need to detect attacks. This paper proposes an efficient lightweight blockchain-based authentication system for the secure transfer of emergency messages in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). The main objectives are to develop an intrusion detection system for V2V communication using machine learning techniques and to use a lightweight Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(RSA) technique with three prime integers to ensure authentication. Additionally, Ganache and Ethereum blockchain technologies are utilized to create a secure message storage and retrieval system. The proposed system demonstrates improved encryption and decryption times and enhanced attack detection accuracy.
Mingming Cui, Dezhi Han, Han Liu, Kuan‐Ching Li · 9 authors
Data sharing in Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs) is an essential road service that assists vehicle driving and promotes intelligent transportation applications. In VSNs, vehicles regularly collect and upload valuable data to share with other vehicles. Data encryption can be employed during data uploading and sharing to prevent malicious tampering and privacy disclosure. However, existing data-sharing schemes lack security, have high overhead in obtaining decrypted data, and show low trust in the central authority controlling the entire network. To facilitate data sharing in VSNs, this paper proposes a new scheme using consortium blockchain to realize secure data sharing. Nodes in the blockchain invoke smart contracts and implement the location-based Speculative Byzantine Fault Tolerance (LSBFT) to accomplish data-sharing transactions among vehicles. The scheme not only ensures the security of vehicle information but also protects the privacy of the shared data. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme can resist attacks and has shown transaction fairness, data confidentiality, non-repudiation, and traceability. Simulation results show that the scheme has higher sharing efficiency and less time to reach a consensus in the data storage process.
Anderson Queiroz
O mercado de veículos conectados cresceu substancialmente nos últimos anos, fortale- cendo a Internet dos Veículos (IoV). Esse ecossistema viabiliza a conectividade entre veículos, infraestrutura dos sistemas de transporte inteligentes (ITS) e dispositivos de pedestres, além de permitir acesso a serviços de Internet e recursos de nuvens computacionais. Entretanto, a adoção mais ampla da IoV, com todo o seu potencial inovador para as cidades inteligentes, depende de estratégias eficazes de segurança e privacidade. Um dos pilares fundamentais para garantir segurança na IoV é o processo de autenticação. Por um lado, a autenticação deve assegurar que apenas veículos autorizados obtenham conectividade, armazenamento e proces- samento na IoV. Por outro lado, este processo não deve comprometer a qualidade de serviço (QoS) de aplicações críticas, como streaming de vídeo dos passageiros e atualizações remotas de software automotivas, conhecidas como over-the-air (OTA). O desafio desta pesquisa é equilibrar a necessidade de segurança com a manutenção da QoS em um ambiente de alta mobilidade e densidade variável de veículos. O estudo avaliou estratégias de autenticação para veículos em redes móveis 5G-V2X, comparando abordagens centralizadas, baseadas em auto- ridades de confiança (TA), e soluções distribuídas com suporte de blockchain, utilizando os algoritmos de consenso PoW (Proof of Work) e PoS (Proof of Stake). Foi proposta uma ar- quitetura em camadas para IoV, incorporando os dois métodos de autenticação em ambientes de computação de borda (edge) e nevoeiro (fog). Os mecanismos foram implementados utili- zando os simuladores OMNeT++, Veins, SIMU5G, INET e SUMO, com dados de tráfego da Avenida Agamenon Magalhães, Recife-PE, Brasil, para capturar a variabilidade do ambiente real. O objetivo foi desenvolver um arcabouço inteligente para a tomada de decisão ciente de contexto na escolha do método de autenticação mais adequado para a IoV, utilizando otimização bayesiana para melhorar a segurança e a eficiência operacional dos sistemas de transporte inteligente. A solução proposta, SIMA-IoV, seleciona dinamicamente o método de autenticação (centralizado ou descentralizado) mais adequado com base nos dados coletados. Os resultados das simulações indicam que a computação de borda distribuída entre as esta- ções rádio base 5G garantiu tempos de autenticação na ordem de milissegundos, mantendo a continuidade dos serviços em ambientes de alta mobilidade. O SIMA-IoV demonstrou que a autenticação baseada em blockchain com PoS é mais estável para cenários de alta densidade de veículos, enquanto a TA apresentou melhor desempenho em cenários de baixa densidade. Já o PoW mostrou instabilidade, destacando suas limitações em ambientes IoV de alta demanda. Os resultados obtidos foram inovadores, mostrando um avanço significativo na otimização do serviço de autenticação em redes móveis veiculares.
Malka N. Halgamuge
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) faces security threats from malicious entities that endanger vehicles. However, traditional centralized networks have limitations in scalability, latency, and security. Decentralized blockchain architectures provide an alternative, though conventional blockchains also have restrictions. We develop an architecture based on IOTA's Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) ledger tailored to IoV needs to enhance traceability, throughput, and security. The goal is to leverage IOTA's decentralized, high throughput, low latency design to overcome limitations in existing IoV networks. We propose an IOTA-based model using smart contracts for malicious data/user tracing and timing side-channels for attack detection. We adaptively schedule data to optimize throughput based on traffic conditions. Our simulations compare throughput, latency, and attack detection across varied scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the architecture enables automated security via decentralized consensus, avoiding centralized failures. The smart contracts facilitate real-time threat tracing and mitigation. Timing analysis reveals IOTA's ability to identify attacks through latency fluctuations. Optimized data transfer scheduling adapts to congestion levels. Overall, integrating reputation systems, smart contracts, and IOTA's innovations significantly improves security, efficiency, and scalability compared to centralized and blockchain IoV networks. This work advances IoV security by outlining a comprehensive blockchain solution leveraging IOTA's unique capabilities. The decentralized mechanisms enhance traceability and trust while optimizing performance tailored to vehicular demands. This establishes a foundation for reliable and safe autonomous driving through innovations in distributed ledger technology.
Ningbin Yang, Chunming Tang, Tianqi Zong, Zhikang Zeng · 6 authors
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) establish wireless connections among all vehicles, enabling seamless mobile communication. However, existing conditional privacy protection VANETs authentication schemes fail to address the issue of potential key-exposure and do not provide accelerated vehicle authentication. In this paper, we propose a reputation incentive committee-based secure conditional dual authentication scheme for VANETs called RIC-SDA. Our proposed scheme incorporates dual authentication of the consensus committee and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. It enables the rapid provision of dynamic vehicle epoch-key from consensus committee authentication for V2V authentication through our designed reputation incentive mechanism. To mitigate the potential key-exposure problem, we introduce a novel concept of secure vehicle epoch communication, which means V2V authentication is valid for only one epoch blockchain unit time. The proposed scheme achieves lightweight computation and incurs minimal communication overheads, with the signature size being just 137 bytes. The RIC-SDA scheme supports fast batch verification. We prove that our proposed scheme is unforgeable security under random oracle and demonstrate its feasibility by implementing it in a test network based on Ethereum Sepolia. The results demonstrate that our RIC-SDA solution outperforms the existing state-of-the-art authentication VANET schemes regarding efficiency and communication costs.
Mritunjay Shall Peelam, Kunjan Shah, Vinay Chamola
Location-Based Services (LBS) have greatly improved efficiency and functionality in various domains, but privacy and security concerns remain due to the centralized nature of many existing systems. To address these issues, this paper introduces the V-Track system, a decentralized architecture using blockchain technology for reliable vehicle location verification. By integrating GPS devices (SparkFun GPS NEO-M9), IoT-enabled sensors, and a Cosmos blockchain-based ledger (network of interconnected blockchains), V-Track aims to solve centralized LBS problems. Through rigorous simulation experiments, this paper evaluates the performance and security of the V-Track system and demonstrates its potential to provide reliable location verification while preserving user privacy. This paper makes significant contributions by presenting V-Track as a decentralized solution to centralized LBS privacy and security problems, enhancing reliability and trustworthiness through blockchain integration, improving tracking mechanisms with GPS devices and IoT sensors for improved accuracy, and providing a privacy-preserving alternative to centralized LBS through its decentralized design and use of blockchain technology. These advancements hold promise for applications across multiple sectors, including logistics, supply chain management, urban planning, and emerging fields such as autonomous vehicles and augmented reality.
Mahmoud A. Shawky, Ahmed Gamal Abdellatif Ibrahim, Mostafa M. Ahmed, Mostafa Hadhouda · 9 authors
The increasing complexity and connectivity of modern vehicular networks underscore the necessity for efficient authentication mechanisms to ensure secure and reliable communication among vehicles. This paper introduces a novel approach using smart contract-based blockchain technology for trust delegation among vehicles in VANETs. Addressing challenges in 5G-enabled vehicular networks, the proposed scheme aims to optimise authentication processes, reducing computation and communication costs while enhancing handover mechanisms. Through comprehensive analysis, the scheme's security robustness against potential active attacks is evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing costs. The numerical analysis reveals a remarkable reduction of computation and communication costs by 66% and 81 %, respectively, showcasing the superior efficiency of the proposed smart contract-based blockchain solution compared to conventional authentication methods.
Mengzhen Jiang, Jing Wu, Chengnian Long
As intelligent vehicles gradually become prevalent, the identity verification and data security in V2X communication are increasingly garnering attention. This study is dedicated to addressing the management and querying of revocation lists in vehicle-road cooperative environments, striving to enhance the reliability and trustworthiness of the revocation lists. By integrating blockchain technology and smart contracts, this paper ensures the immutability and transparency of certificate revocation data. The adoption of the SSMS multi-signature algorithm reduces the reliance on a single node, thereby enhancing the security of the system. In response to the security challenges faced by vehicles in cross-domain operations, this research introduces a verification mechanism based on zero-knowledge proofs, accomplishing secure vehicle verification while simultaneously protecting vehicle privacy. Further more, considering the need for communication security of vehicles under complex road conditions, this paper innovatively designs a query accumulative filter to support efficient identity verification.
Frederico Baptista, Marina Dehez-Clementi, Jonathan Detchart
The integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) into the current airspace poses significant challenges in terms of safety, security, and operability. As an example, in 2019, the European Union defined a set of rules to support the digitalization of UAS traffic management (UTM) systems and services, namely the U-Space regulations. Current propositions opted for a centralized and private model, concentrated around governmental authorities (e.g., AlphaTango provides the Registration service and depends on the French government). In this paper, we advocate in favor of a more decentralized and transparent model in order to improve safety, security, operability among UTM stakeholders, and legal compliance. As such, we propose DFly, a publicly auditable and privacy-preserving UAS traffic management system on Blockchain, with two initial services: Registration and Flight Authorization. We demonstrate that the use of a blockchain guarantees the public auditability of the two services and corresponding service providers’ actions. In addition, it facilitates the comprehensive and distributed monitoring of airspace occupation and the integration of additional functionalities (e.g., the creation of a live UAS tracker). The combination with zero-knowledge proofs enables the deployment of an automated, distributed, transparent, and privacy-preserving Flight Authorization service, performed on-chain thanks to the blockchain logic. In addition to its construction, this paper details the instantiation of the proposed UTM system with the Ethereum Sepolia’s testnet and the Groth16 ZK-SNARK protocol. On-chain (gas cost) and off-chain (execution time) performance analyses confirm that the proposed solution is a viable and efficient alternative in the spirit of digitalization and offers additional security guarantees.
Huadong Su, Shi Dong, Ting Zhang
As the inevitable mode of the future intelligent transportation system, VANET still exists vehicle access authentication computational overhead, handover authentication inefficiency in the context of continuous development, simply using the traditional VANET architecture has been unable to adapt to the new complexity. Therefore, a hybrid blockchain-based privacy-preserving authentication scheme is proposed. Instead of using a single chain, the scheme combines the consortium and private chains, retaining the decentralization and high security of the consortium chain while leveraging the advantages of faster transactions, lower costs, and higher privacy in the private chain. Importantly, short signature technology and homomorphic encryption technology are proposed to further improve the efficiency of entity communication and protect the delivery of private data, respectively, while pre-authentication mechanism is used to further accelerate the cross-domain authentication of vehicles. The security analysis demonstrates the good privacy protection and attack resistance of this scheme. In addition, performance simulations and evaluations show that the proposed scheme requires the least computational and communication overhead compared to other schemes. It also performs better in terms of authentication delay and packet loss rate. Finally, the availability of the proposed scheme is explained through throughput and transaction cost analysis.
Maya Rahayu, Md. Biplob Hossain, Samsul Huda, Md. Arshad Ali · 6 authors
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are essential for modern transportation systems, but their openness exposes them to cyber threats. Authentication in VANETs is challenged by dynamic topology and high mobility, requiring robust mechanisms. Previously, we proposed an authentication system for VANETs using blockchain and Kerberos. Kerberos authenticator messages are stored in a blockchain ledger accessible to the Trusted Authentication Server (TAS) and Roadside Units (RSUs), resulting in minimal signaling overhead and authentication delay. However, the performance of the blockchain itself was not evaluated. In this paper, we investigate the blockchain’s performance in a simulated VANET environment with 100 vehicles, 4 RSUs, and 1 TAS. Using Ethereum blockchain and Omnet++ simulation, we assess the blockchain feasibility in VANET authentication scenarios.
Ke Gu, Yi Wang, Juan Qiu, Xiong Li · 5 authors
With the extensive deployment of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), it becomes an inevitable choice to provide enhanced in-vehicle services for uploading a vast amount of shared vehicular data to cloud storage. However, there is still a lack of effective deduplication and audit methods for cloud-stored data in VANET scenarios. To address the securities of cloud-stored data in VANETs, we propose a blockchain-based data deduplication and distributed audit scheme for shared data under cloud-fog computing-based VANETs in this paper. In our scheme, we construct a distributed audit model for VANETs, where road side units (RSUs) are partitioned as multiple management areas. Each management area can solely make their consensus for data integrity verification to audit the cloud storage provider without depending on any third-party auditors (TPAs). Also, we establish a blockchain-based monitoring mechanism maintained by the fog servers to ensure the integrity of the uploading and auditing records and enable related entities within the system to verify corresponding audit results (or records). Furthermore, we propose a lightweight dual-verifier structure to adapt to resource-constrained VANET scenarios. Through our dual-verifier mechanism, our scheme can effectively resist proof-replay attacks. Related theoretical analysis and experimental results show our data deduplication and distributed audit scheme is efficient and effective for VANET scenarios.
Shirin Abbasi, Navid Khaledian, Amir Masoud Rahmani
No abstract is available for this record.
Christos N Kontos, Theodor Panagiotakopoulos, Achilles Kameas
Transportation plays an important role in urban development. Population growth and environmental burden have turned the efforts of cities globally towards smarter and greener mobility. Cooperative and Connected Automated Mobility (CCAM) serves as a concept with the power and potential to help achieve these goals building upon technological fields like Internet of Things, computer vision and distributed computing. However, its implementation is hindered by various challenges covering technical parameters such as performance and reliability in tandem with other issues, such as safety, accountability and trust. To overcome these issues, new distributed and decentralized approaches like blockchain and smart contracts are needed. This paper aims at identifying a comprehensive inventory of CCAM challenges and use it as a framework to describe methodologies using blockchain and smart contracts to address them. It provides a comparative analysis of the findings to draw useful conclusions and discuss future directions in CCAM and relevant blockchain applications. The paper contributes to intelligent transportation systems’ research by offering an integrated view of the difficulties in substantiating CCAM and providing insights on the most prominent blockchain and smart contract technologies that tackle them.
Nannan Xie, Chuanxue Zhang, Qizhao Yuan, Jing Kong · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Yonghua Zhan, Yang Yang, Hongju Cheng, Xiangyang Luo · 6 authors
More vehicles are connecting to the Internet of Things (IoT), transforming Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), providing a more environmentally friendly and safer driving experience. Vehicular announcement networks show promise in vehicular communication applications. However, two major issues arise when establishing such a system. First, user privacy cannot be guaranteed when messages are forwarded anonymously, thus the reliability of these messages is in question. Second, users often lack interest in responding to announcements. To address these problems, we introduce a Blockchain-based incentive announcement system called PIAS. This system enables anonymous message commitment in a semi-trusted environment and encourages witnesses to respond to requests for traffic information. Additionally, PIAS uses blockchain accounts as identities to participate in the system with incentives, ensuring privacy in anonymous announcements. PIAS successfully protects the privacy of participants and motivates witnesses to respond to requests. Furthermore, our assessment of security and compatibility shows that PIAS can maintain privacy and incentivization while being compatible with both the Bitcoin and Ethereum blockchains. Further evaluation has confirmed the system's efficiency in terms of performance.
S. Gopalakrishnan, E. D. Kanmani Ruby, D. Hemanand, R. Anitha · 6 authors
The incorporation or combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology into Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) shows important factor for modern and advance smart city infrastructure and autonomous vehicular networks. This paper describes the complementary potential of the technologies to help the built-in difficulties of MANETs includes flexibility, protection, and data integrity. AI techniques such as machine learning and reinforcement learning, are emphasized to improve routing protocols to optimize data transmission rates, and decrease latency. Blockchain technology using Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and other consensus mechanisms, gives a tight and decentralized architecture for data handling assuring trust and integrity amidst network nodes. The appeal of these incorpoarted technologies is especially related for smart cities which depand on collection of data and evaluation for effective handling of urban operations such as flow of traffic, environmental observing, and consumption of energy. Autonomous vehicular networks needing rigd and strong communication and data transfer between vehicles and infrastructure, also help from the enhanced network functions and security provided by AI and blockchain incorpoaration. Experimental evaluation denotes improvements in crucial performance metrics. Sensor 2 persists the highest data transmission rate of 12 Mbps. Sensor 4 had the decreased at 9 Mbps. Latency measurements observed that Sensor 2 recorded the lowest latency at 45 ms, with Sensor 3 having the highest at 55 ms.
Mohammad Fardad, Elham Mohammadzadeh Mianji, Gabriel‐Miro Muntean, Irina Tal
Permissioned distributed ledgers (PDLs) provide security and trust for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications, but face scalability issues due to resource-intensive consensus mechanisms. To address this, we propose a novel hybrid consensus network (HCN) architecture that leverages the computational capabilities of parked connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) through a multi-layer vehicular edge computing (VEC) framework. The HCN is designed following guidelines outlined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) regarding the structuring of PDLs. It aims to improve the performance, reliability and scalability of PDL-based IoV networks while maintaining their security and trust guarantees.
Jianbo Du, Jiaxuan Wang, Aijing Sun, Junsuo Qu · 7 authors
In the 6G era, space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGINs) can provide ubiquitous coverage for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Multiaccess edge computing (MEC) and blockchain are two enabling technologies, which can further enhance the services capabilities of SAGINs, where MEC demonstrates a notable capability in efficiently minimizing both the task execution delays and system energy consumption, and blockchain can provide trust guarantee for task offloading and wireless data transmission among the entities operated by different operators in SAGIN. In this article, we present an MEC and blockchain enabled SAGIN architecture, which consists of two subsystems. In the MEC subsystem, a satellite and multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) act as the edge nodes to provide IoT devices with computing power. Moreover, the satellite serves as the block generator and the client, and the UAVs serve as the consensus nodes of the blockchain subsystem. We intend to minimize the energy consumption within the network, which is achieved through the IoT devices’ task segmentation, the UAVs, and satellite’s bandwidth allocation among their served IoT devices. And moreover, the computing power of UAVs and the satellite also allocated in task processing and blockchain consensus. Considering the high dynamics of the network, it is impossible to obtain real-time and accurate channel information, so we remodel this problem as a Markov decision process, and propose a low-complexity adaptive optimization algorithm based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG). Our simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm exhibits commendable performance in minimizing the network energy consumption and DDPG agent’s accumulated reward maximization.